Current updates on microRNAs as regulators of chemoresistance.

Resistance to chemotherapeutics including platinum agents, nucleoside analogues, topoisomerase and microtubule inhibitors is the most important problem in the treatment of many cancer. Several resistance mechanisms has been described for each group and researchers have been trying to develop new approaches to overcome chemoresistance. miRNAs are the regulators of gene transcription at the post-transcriptional level. Dysregulated miRNAs have been reported in cancer tumorigenesis, diagnosis and prognosis and they are promising new therapeutic approaches to improve diagnosis and predictions of outcomes and response to chemotherapy. In this article, we summarized the results from 2015 January to 2017 June which explore the roles of miRNAs in the development of the chemotherapy resistance.

Serum ICAM-1 level and ICAM-1 gene 1462A>G (K469E) polimorphism on microalbuminuria in nondiabetic, nonhypertensive and normolipidemic obese patients: Genetical background of microalbuminuria in obesity / Polimorfismo 1462A>G (K469E) del gen ICAM-1 y nivel sérico de ICAM-1 en la oligoalbuminuria de pacientes obesos no diabéticos, no hipertensos y normolipidémicos: acervo genético de la oligoalbuminuria en la obesidad

Background: A growing body of evidence suggest that obese individuals are under risk of renal parenchymal disorders when compared to nonobese counterparts. Microalbuminuria is the early marker of renal involvement. Although most of obese patients carries multiple risk factors for microalbuminuria, some obese individuals without risk factor may progress to microalbuminuria. The present study was performed to examine the role of ICAM-1 gene 1462A>G (K469E) polymorphism on microalbuminuria in obese subjects without diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hiperlipidemia and older age. Methods: Ninety eight obese and 96 nonobese individuals without a comorbidity enrolled into the study. Serum ICAM-1 level was measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) method. ICAM-1 gene 1462A>G (K469E) polymorphism was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). Nepholometric method was used to examine urinary albumin loss, and microalbuminuria was measured by albumin to creatinine ratio. Results: Obese individuals had significantly higher microalbuminuria and proteinuria level compared to nonobese subjects (p: 0.043 and p: 0.011; respectively). GG genotype of ICAM-1 carriers have significantly higher microalbuminuria compared to individuals with AA or AG genotype carriers (p: 0.042). Serum ICAM-1 level was significantly correlated with creatinine and microalbuminuria (p: 0.002 and p: 0.03; respectively). Logistic regression analysis indicated a 7.39 fold increased risk of microalbuminuria in individuals with GG genotype of ICAM-1 gene 1462A>G (K469E) polymorphism. Conclusions: GG genotype of ICAM-1 gene K469E polymorphism is associated with increased microalbuminuria in obese individuals without another metabolic risk factor (AU)

Introducción: Un conjunto de datos en aumento indica que los individuos obesos corren más riesgo de sufrir trastornos del parénquima renal si se los compara con sus homólogos no obesos. La oligoalbuminuria es un primer rasgo de afectación renal. Aunque la mayoría de los pacientes obesos presentan múltiples factores de riesgo de oligoalbuminuria, esta puede manifestarse en algunos individuos obesos sin factores de riesgo. El presente estudio se realizó para analizar el papel del polimorfismo 1462A>G (K469E) del gen ICAM-1 en la oligoalbuminuria de individuos obesos sin diabetes mellitus, hipertensión, hiperlipidemia ni vejez. Métodos: Para el estudio fueron reclutados 98 individuos obesos y 96 individuos no obesos sin comorbilidad. Se midió el nivel sérico de ICAM-1 mediante el ensayo de inmunoabsorción enzimática (ELISA). Se analizó el polimorfismo 1462A>G (K469E) del gen ICAM-1 por reacción en cadena de la polimerasay polimorfismo de longitud de los fragmentos de restricción (RFLP-PCR). El método nefolométrico se utilizó para analizar la pérdida urinaria de albúmina, y la oligoalbuminuria se midió con la tasa de albúmina/creatinina. Resultados: Los individuos obesos presentaron unos niveles de oligoalbuminuria y proteinuria considerablemente más elevados que los individuos no obesos (p: 0,043 y p: 0,011, respectivamente). La oligoalbuminuria en los portadores del genotipo GG de ICAM-1 fue bastante mayor que la de los portadores del genotipo AA o AG (p: 0,042). El nivel sérico de ICAM-1 se correlacionó notablemente con la creatinina y la oligoalbuminuria (p: 0,002 y p: 0,03, respectivamente). El análisis de regresión logística mostró un riesgo 7,39 veces mayor de oligoalbuminuria en los individuos con el genotipo GG del polimorfismo 1462A>G (K469E) del gen ICAM-1. Conclusiones: El genotipo GG del polimorfismo 1462A>G (K469E) del gen ICAM-1 se asocia con un aumento de la oligoalbuminuria en personas obesas sin otro factor de riesgo metabólico (AU)

Serum ICAM-1 level and ICAM-1 gene 1462A>G (K469E) polimorphism on microalbuminuria in nondiabetic, nonhypertensive and normolipidemic obese patients: Genetical background of microalbuminuria in obesity.

BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggest that obese individuals are under risk of renal parenchymal disorders when compared to nonobese counterparts. Microalbuminuria is the early marker of renal involvement. Although most of obese patients carries multiple risk factors for microalbuminuria, some obese individuals without risk factor may progress to microalbuminuria. The present study was performed to examine the role of ICAM-1 gene 1462A>G (K469E) polymorphism on microalbuminuria in obese subjects without diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hiperlipidemia and older age. METHODS: Ninety eight obese and 96 nonobese individuals without a comorbidity enrolled into the study. Serum ICAM-1 level was measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) method. ICAM-1 gene 1462A>G (K469E) polymorphism was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). Nepholometric method was used to examine urinary albumin loss, and microalbuminuria was measured by albumin to creatinine ratio. RESULTS: Obese individuals had significantly higher microalbuminuria and proteinuria level compared to nonobese subjects (p: 0.043 and p: 0.011; respectively). GG genotype of ICAM-1 carriers have significantly higher microalbuminuria compared to individuals with AA or AG genotype carriers (p: 0.042). Serum ICAM-1 level was significantly correlated with creatinine and microalbuminuria (p: 0.002 and p: 0.03; respectively). Logistic regression analysis indicated a 7.39 fold increased risk of microalbuminuria in individuals with GG genotype of ICAM-1 gene 1462A>G (K469E) polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: GG genotype of ICAM-1 gene K469E polymorphism is associated with increased microalbuminuria in obese individuals without another metabolic risk factor.