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1.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 173(2): 281-285, 2022 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35737156

ABSTRACT

Fast neutron therapy, which previously has demonstrated effective results, but along with a large number of complications, can again be considered a promising treatment method in the treatment of cancer. One of the ways of analyzing the relative biological efficiency and accurate biological dose of fast neutrons in body tissues is to improve the algorithms of computational biology and mathematical modeling. A high-performance computing code was written which allows to estimate in real-time mode the biological dose of the proton component from the action of neutron radiation with an energy of 14.8 MeV. A comparative analysis of the computing performance on various video cards was also performed.


Subject(s)
Proton Therapy , Protons , Algorithms , Computational Biology , Neutrons , Proton Therapy/methods
2.
Sovrem Tekhnologii Med ; 13(4): 70-80, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34603766

ABSTRACT

Proton therapy (PT) due to dosimetric characteristics (Bragg peak formation, sharp dose slowdown) is currently one of the most high-tech techniques of radiation therapy exceeding the standards of photon methods. In recent decades, PT has traditionally been used, primarily, for head and neck cancers (HNC) including skull base tumors. Regardless of the fact that recently PT application area has significantly expanded, HNC still remain a leading indication for proton radiation since PT's physic-dosimetric and radiobiological advantages enable to achieve the best treatment results in these tumors. The present review is devoted to PT usage in HNC treatment in the world and Russian medicine, the prospects for further technique development, the assessment of PT's radiobiological features, a physical and dosimetric comparison of protons photons distribution. The paper shows PT's capabilities in the treatment of skull base tumors, HNC (nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx, etc.), eye tumors, sialomas. The authors analyze the studies on repeated radiation and provide recent experimental data on favorable profile of proton radiation compared to the conventional radiation therapy. The review enables to conclude that currently PT is a dynamic radiation technique opening up new opportunities for improving therapy of oncology patients, especially those with HNC.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms , Proton Therapy , Skull Base Neoplasms , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Humans , Photons/therapeutic use , Proton Therapy/adverse effects , Radiometry , Skull Base Neoplasms/etiology
3.
Vopr Onkol ; 62(4): 490-4, 2016.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30475535

ABSTRACT

The study is based on the results of treatment of 60 patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer (T3-4N0-3M0) exposed to combined treatment: 31 with preoperative chemoradiothera-py, 29 thermochemoradiotherapy. Radiotherapy was performed in the hyperfractionated mode: "1 Gy +1 Gy" (every 4-5 hours) 5 times a week to 30-40 Gy in total. Local hyperthermia was performed 2 times a week before the second fraction of radiotherapy in 3-4 sessions. Eight-day courses of chemotherapy were administered in the beginning of radiotherapy by scheme: vincristine (1. 4 mg/m2 per 1day), cisplatin (20 mg/m2 2, 3, 4 days), bleomycetin (10 mg/m2 5, 6 days), cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2 7, 8 days). Surgical treatment was performed through 2,5 3 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. Local hyperthermia intensified the course of radiation reaction on the mucous of the larynx but not significant influenced on healing of surgical wounds. Thermochemoradiotherapy compared with chemoradiotherapy raised local relapse-free survival from 75 to 93% (p = 0. 07), regional, for a group of patients with stage N1-3 from 33 to 70%, N1-2 from 40 to 78% (p = 0. 1), loco -regional from 67 to 87% (p = 0. 04). Our findings suggest the necessity for further research on the use of thermochemoradiotherapy in combined treatment of patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer.


Subject(s)
Laryngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Laryngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiotherapy , Adult , Aged , Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Hyperthermia, Induced/adverse effects , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Preoperative Care
4.
Vopr Onkol ; 62(5): 570-572, 2016.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30695579

ABSTRACT

On November 23, 2015 in Protvino of the Moscow Region there was begun proton therapy using Russia's first medical therapeutic complex "Prometheus" produced by JSC "PRO- TOM" and certified to treat patients with head and neck tumors. The complex allows irradiating patients with active scanning beam. Energy of beam is 30-250MeV and maximum field size is 10 cm vertically and 40 cm horizontally. The manufacturer declared parameters were confirmed during preclinical stud- ies. By April 8, 2016 the successful proton therapy received 20 patients with complex "targets" mostly located, from the point of view of radiation tolerance, near the critical structures.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Proton Therapy , Humans , Proton Therapy/instrumentation , Proton Therapy/methods , Proton Therapy/trends , Russia
5.
Vopr Onkol ; 61(1): 57-61, 2015.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26016147

ABSTRACT

This study presents the short-term outcomes of conformal external beam radiation therapy given in conjunction with hormone therapy to 110 patients with prostate cancer. We performed a comparative analysis of the rate and degree of radiation reactions and complications following delivery of a total dose of 70 Gy and 72-76 Gy to the tumor. In prostate cancer, a continuous course of dose-escalated conformal radiation therapy resulted in satisfactory tolerance and acceptable levels of late complications.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Adenocarcinoma/radiotherapy , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use , Cystitis/etiology , Proctitis/etiology , Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiation Injuries/etiology , Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods , Acute Disease , Aged , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Male , Middle Aged , Radiotherapy Dosage , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
6.
Vopr Onkol ; 61(6): 956-9, 2015.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26995986

ABSTRACT

The combined treatment with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) was performed in 28 patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer (T3-4N0-3M0). Radiation therapy (RT) was carried out according to the scheme "1 + 1 Gy" (interval 4-5 hours) 5 times a week till 30-40 Gy. RT was accompanied by simultaneous polychemotherapy: vincristine (1.4 mg/m² per day), cisplatin (20 mg/m²--2-4 days) bleomicetin (10 mg/ m²--5, 6 days), cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m²--7, 8 days). Surgical treatment was carried out in 2.5-3 weeks after CRT. CRT allowed conducting organ-saving surgery on the larynx in 11 (52%) of 21 patients with T3 of primary tumor. All other patients underwent laryngectomy at a different volume. Five-year disease-free survival for the whole group in total (T3-4) was 88%. Relapses of regional metastases (MTS) occurred in 7 of 9 patients including in 4 of 5 patients after lymphadenectomy. The overall survival of patients with T3N02 was 71%, with T4N0-3--20%. Thus we have developed a method of treatment allowing to achieve high local relapse-free survival in patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer. However organ-saving effectiveness of preoperative CRT and its effect on regional MTS remain low, which requires further research in this direction.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Chemoradiotherapy , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Laryngectomy , Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods , Adult , Aged , Bleomycin/administration & dosage , Bleomycin/analogs & derivatives , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Disease-Free Survival , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Female , Humans , Laryngeal Neoplasms/prevention & control , Laryngectomy/methods , Lymph Node Excision , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control , Neoplasm Staging , Organ Sparing Treatments , Treatment Outcome , Vincristine/administration & dosage
7.
Vopr Onkol ; 60(4): 408-12, 2014.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25552058

ABSTRACT

The state and prospects of remote neutron therapy were analyzed in this review. Years of experience with fast neutrons, both positive and negative, allow evaluating the most promising ways of further development of this area of radiation therapy. These include conducting targeted research for those tumors which received some encouraging results, a use of the combination of fast neutron therapy and conformal photon therapy as well as the creation of specialized medical facilities for neutron therapy based on optimization of both parameters of spatial distribution of the dose and radiobiological characteristics.


Subject(s)
Fast Neutrons/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Photons/therapeutic use , Radiotherapy, Conformal , Teleradiology , Animals , Cancer Care Facilities/trends , Humans , Radiotherapy/methods , Radiotherapy/trends , Russia , Teleradiology/methods
8.
Vopr Onkol ; 60(4): 489-92, 2014.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25552070

ABSTRACT

Long term results of treatment of patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma with the use of mixed photon-neutron therapy (PNT) are presented. Among 201 patients with locally advanced breast cancer receiving radiation therapy, in 95 of them it was implemented as a combination of photon and neutron radiation therapy and in 106--in the form of mega-volt photon therapy (PT). Comparative evaluation of the long-term results of treatment proved the superiority of PNT. The immediate effect after PNT in the form of complete and partial response of tumor was registered in 87.4%, and after PT--in 49% of cases. Five-year and ten-year survival rates without signs of disease after PNT were 58.1% and 29.5%, and after PT--36.4% and 7.4% respectively. Substantial differences in toxicity of techniques were not observed.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Fast Neutrons/therapeutic use , Photons/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
9.
Vopr Onkol ; 60(5): 602-6, 2014.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25816665

ABSTRACT

There were analyzed results of treatment of 58 patients with laryngeal cancer T3-4N0-3M0. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) was carried out in 27 patients, thermochemoradiotherapy (TCRT)-in 31 patients. Radiotherapy (RT) was performed in hyperfractionated mode (1 Gy + 1 Gy with an interval of 4-5 hours) 5 times a week to CTD 52-60 Gy with a 2-week break after CTD 30-40 Gy. Local hyperthermia (LHT) was carried out 2 times a week before the second fraction of RT in an amount of 3-6 sessions. The first cycle of polychemotherapy was administered at the beginning of RT and the second one-after the break. The local control under the primary tumor category T3 after CRT was equal to 58% and after TCRT--88%, at T4--72% and 25%, respectively. Late radiation damage of the larynx in the form of mucosal edema and perichondritis after CRT was in 2 patients (7%) and after TCRT--in 3 patients (10%). Thus, TCRT for locally advanced laryngeal cancer allows obtaining a higher overall survival and a local control as compared to CRT and does not lead to a significant increase of frequency of perichondritis.


Subject(s)
Chemoradiotherapy , Hyperthermia, Induced , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Radiation Injuries/etiology , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects , Chemoradiotherapy/methods , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Female , Humans , Laryngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome
10.
Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko ; 77(4): 43-50; discussion 50, 2013.
Article in English, Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24364245

ABSTRACT

The proton beam radiosurgery was performed to 65 patients with brain AVM since December, 2001 till February, 2012, in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. We have analyzed data for 56 patients. The follow up time varied from 24 to 109 months. The volumes of brain AVMs varied from 0.92 to 82 cc. The mean isocenter dose was 24.61 +/- 0.12 Gy E. The edge of the target was included in 70-90% isodose. The proton beam surgery was splitted in two similar doses and delivered in two consecutive days in vast majority of patients. Ten patients were missed for follow up due to some reasons. The radiosurgery was resulted in full obliteration of AVM in 23 from remaining 46 (50%) patients. There was full obliteration in 46.6% of patients with volume of AVM 10-24.9 cc; and this rate is significantly more than for photon radiosurgery of same size brain AVM. The partial obliteration was obtained in 21 patients. Only one patients suffered hemorrhage from partially obliterated AVM. We could not see any effect in 2 patients. There were delayed radiation toxicity in 5 patients in 12 months after treatment: in 4 patients, these reactions were assessed as 2 according to RTOG scale and were dissipated in 1 month after commencement of corticosteroid treatment. There was radiation necrosis in one patient, and it was relieved in 12 months after several courses of dehydration and corticosteroid therapy. So, proton beam therapy is effective and safe modality for treatment of inoperable brain AVM, especially of middle- and large size.


Subject(s)
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery , Radiosurgery/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/epidemiology , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Radiation Injuries/epidemiology , Radiation Injuries/etiology , Radiosurgery/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors
11.
Vopr Onkol ; 59(5): 571-4, 2013.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24260882

ABSTRACT

Thermochemoradiation therapy was performed in 31 patients with laryngeal cancer (T3-4N0-3M0). Radiotherapy was performed in 2 stages 1+1 Gy (every 4-5 hours), 5 times a week to SOD 52-60 Gy with a 2-week break after SOD 30-32 Gy. Local hyperthermia was carried out two times a week before the second fraction in an amount of radiation therapy sessions 3-6. In the days of local hyperthermia second fraction of radiotherapy increased to 3 Gy. Courses of chemotherapy were combined with radiation therapy and local hyperthermia at the beginning of each stage of treatment. For the whole group a complete response of the primary tumor was diagnosed in 25 (80.6%) patients, partial - in 6 (19.3%). Of the 12 patients with N1-3 complete regression of metastases occurred in 5 (41.7%), partial - also in 5 (41.7%). Five-year overall survival was 88.2% T3N0, T4N1 in 3 - 62.1%. Local control of the primary tumor in these terms in the group T3 was detected in 88.2%, in the group T4 - 77.8%, regional control of metastases with N1-3 - 33.3%. Late swelling of the mucous membrane of the larynx developed in 4 (12.9%) patients, perichondritis - in 3 (9.7%). Thermochemoradiation therapy of locally advanced cancer of the larynx provides a fairly good results comparable with those of the combined treatment.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Chemoradiotherapy , Hyperthermia, Induced , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Organ Sparing Treatments/methods , Adult , Aged , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Remission Induction , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome
12.
Vopr Onkol ; 59(6): 721-4, 2013.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24624780

ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes the results of combined treatment with preoperative thermochemoradiotherapy in 28 patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer (T3-4N0-3M0). Radiation therapy (RT) 32 Gy was carried out 5 times a week with splitting the daily dose of radiation on the 2 factions (interval 4 hours) on a "1 Gy + 1 Gy," in the days of the local hyperthermia (LGT)--on a "1 Gy + 3 Gy". LGT in an amount of 3-4 sessions was performed two times a week before the 2nd fraction of RT. The course of polychemotherapy was administered concurrently with RT and LGT. In 2-3 weeks after completion of the course thermochemoradiotherapy patients were operated. Organ-saving operations were performed 10 (56%) of 18 patients with primary tumors categories T3 and 2 (20%) of 10 with T4. Postoperative wounds healed by first intention in 21 (75%) patients. The cumulative 5-year overall survival in the whole group (T3-4N0-3) was 89%, for patients without regional metastases (T3-4N0)--100%. Relapse-free survival time for those patients with a primary tumor T3 equaled 94%, T4--90%. Relapse metastases occurred in 20% of patients. Thus, preoperative thermochemoradiotherapy is a highly effective method of treatment for locally advanced cancer of the larynx and does not lead to the development of severe postoperative complications.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Hyperthermia, Induced , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Laryngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Laryngectomy/methods , Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods , Organ Sparing Treatments , Adult , Aged , Bleomycin/administration & dosage , Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Disease-Free Survival , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Female , Humans , Laryngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Treatment Outcome , Vincristine/administration & dosage
13.
Vopr Onkol ; 59(6): 725-30, 2013.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24624781

ABSTRACT

The analysis of the effectiveness of treatment was carried out in 257 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Two methods of irradiation were used in combination with concurrent polychemotherapy: standard radiotherapy (2 Gy 5 times a week) and radiotherapy in non-traditional modes of fractionation with uneven breaking of the daily dose into two fractions (1 Gy + 1.5 Gy or 1 Gy + 2 Gy with 4-hour intervals) to a focal dose of 60 Gy. Chemoradiotherapy with fractionated dose was more effective than standard chemoradiotherapy in frequency of objective tumor responses and regional metastases in the absence of increasing the number of early radiation reactions and late radiation damages. External beam radiotherapy in non-traditional modes of fractionation with simultaneous polychemotherapy exposure can significantly improve the results of the overall five-year survival compared with conventional fractionation technique--60.4 +/- 4.5%, 63.3 +/- 8.2% vs 27.6 +/- 10.2%, respectively.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Chemoradiotherapy , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Survival Analysis , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
14.
Radiats Biol Radioecol ; 52(5): 467-80, 2012.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23227710

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to investigate in vivo the dose response of radiation induced chromosomal aberrations in human blood lymphocytes of lung cancer patients given non-uniform fractional exposures to high doses of therapeutic 60Co gamma-rays delivered synchronously with polychemotherapy. The chromosome aberration analysis was carried out in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 13 lung cancer patients who manifested II to IV developmental clinical stage. During the course of radiotherapy they received the accumulated tumor dose ranged 47.5 to 70 Gy. The yield ofdicentrics, centric rings and fragments was measured in the blood samples taken before treatment, after the first day and after the complete course of radiotherapy. Based on cytogenetic measurements of 3 patients, the average tumor dose after the first day was estimated to be 2.1 to 3.0 Gy given that the corresponding physical dose was (1.0 Gy + 1.5 Gy). The quotient of the individual dose estimated by the frequency of aberrations to the physical dose after the complete course of radiotherapy was calculated for all 13 patients. The mean quotient was shown to be equal to 93 +/- 9% ranged 50 to 154%.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity , Chromosome Aberrations , Lung Neoplasms , Lymphocytes , Aged , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Chromosome Aberrations/drug effects , Chromosome Aberrations/radiation effects , Cobalt Isotopes , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Female , Gamma Rays , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging
15.
Vopr Onkol ; 56(5): 544-7, 2010.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21137232

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the end results of the radiochemotherapy of 237 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa (locally advanced, stage III-IV, - 134; 56.4%, and metastases to regional lymph nodes of the neck - 91; 38.4%) carried out at the Center's Clinic. Interstitial neutron (252 californium) plus polychemotherapy was given to 26 (11%) (group 1); neutron + distant radio + polychemotherapy - 34 (14 %) (group 2); distant fractionated radiotherapy + polychemotherapy - 177 (75%) (group 3). Complete response was reported in 190 (80.2%); partial - 44 (18.6%) and stabilization - 3 (1.3%). Overall response was 98.8%; 5-year survival - 64.5 +/- 3.3%, irrespective of tumor site, grade and method of treatment. Concomitant modality proved highly effective, free from toxic and functional or cosmetic harm.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Brachytherapy/methods , Californium/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Mucosa , Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy , Mouth Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Neoplasm Staging , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Treatment Outcome
16.
Appl Radiat Isot ; 61(5): 1009-13, 2004 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15308184

ABSTRACT

A modeling investigation was performed to choose moderator material and size for creating optimal epithermal neutron beams for BNCT based on a proton accelerator and the (7)Li(p,n)(7)Be reaction as a neutrons source. An optimal configuration is suggested for the beam shaping assembly made from polytetrafluoroethylene and magnesium fluorine to be placed on high current IPPE proton accelerator KG-2.5. Results of calculation were experimentally tested and are in good agreement with measurements.


Subject(s)
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy/instrumentation , Fast Neutrons/therapeutic use , Particle Accelerators , Boron Neutron Capture Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Computer Simulation , Facility Design and Construction , Humans , Monte Carlo Method , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Phantoms, Imaging , Radiotherapy Dosage
17.
Vestn Rentgenol Radiol ; (4): 26-9, 1997.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9289902

ABSTRACT

The authors discuss the technological problems associated with the use of fast neutrons in radiotherapy of cancer patients and outline the approaches to the solution of these problems. The state of the art is assessed. Physical and radiobiological prerequisites for the use of fast reactors for radiotherapy of patients with malignant tumors are analyzed. Results of clinical use of BR-10 reactor at the Medical Radiology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, are presented. Experimental and clinical findings indicate that the results of radiotherapy may be appreciably improved if a novel perspective source of fast neutrons, a nuclear reactor, is used.


Subject(s)
Fast Neutrons/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Nuclear Reactors , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Humans , Russia
18.
Vopr Onkol ; 43(5): 515-8, 1997.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9432793

ABSTRACT

More than 250 patients, mainly with locally advanced tumors of the head, neck and breast were treated with a I MeV beam of fast neutrons emitted from a BR-10 reactor. The fast neutron contribution to the total dose of the radical component of complex gamma-neutron therapy was 20-40%. Said modality was shown to improve the results of treatment for laryngeal and breast tumors. The 5-year actuarial survival following complex gamma-neutron therapy for laryngeal cancer was 89.25, while in controls--65.2% (p < 0.005). The 5-year actuarial overall survival in breast cancer patients treated with fast neutrons was 66.5%: gamma-neutron therapy alone--46.0% (p < 0.05).


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Fast Neutrons , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Gamma Rays , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Radiotherapy/methods , Radiotherapy Dosage , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome
19.
Arkh Patol ; 58(1): 14-7, 1996.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8929130

ABSTRACT

Studies of tumours and adjacent tissue were carried out in 29 patients with carcinoma of the larynx after preoperative irradiation with fast neurons at a total focal dose 5.6 Gy alone or in combination with gamma therapy. Pronounced pathomorphosis was established in all the cases, up to a full disappearance of the tumor in 2 patients, the degree of pathomorphosis did not depend on location, macroscopic form of growth, degree of dissemination. No changes were found in the wall of the larynx outside the tumor.


Subject(s)
Fast Neutrons , Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Preoperative Care/methods , Combined Modality Therapy , Gamma Rays , Humans , Laryngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Necrosis , Remission Induction/methods
20.
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk ; (5): 24-6, 1996.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8924821

ABSTRACT

The results of multimodality treatment are analyzed in 56 patients with local breast cancer. Combined gamma-neutron therapy with the use of fast reactor neutrons enhances the efficiency of breast cancer treatment and does not increase the number of radiation reactions and complications. The three-year survival increased from 44 +/- 12 to 75 +/- 9%. The test reactors specifically adjusted may be useful for the radiation therapy of patients with various malignant neoplasms. Combined gamma-neutron therapy is more promising for this purpose than neutron therapy alone.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Neutrons/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Combined Modality Therapy , Fast Neutrons/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Radiotherapy Dosage , Skin/radiation effects , Skin Diseases/etiology , Time Factors
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