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1.
Leg Med (Tokyo) ; 50: 101869, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33713938

ABSTRACT

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are the most rapidly growing class of recreational designer drugs. Illicit drug manufacturers began to produce herbal smoking materials under a variety of brands names, e.g. "Spice, K2, Bonsai, Yucatan Fire". They were appeared on the European market in 2008. In this study, types of SCs in the herbal product sold as "Bonsai" in Turkey were determined and the identification of these substances in biological samples collected from rats depending on the inhalation of different amounts of plant material were aimed. To determine the SC species in the content of the plant product, analysis was performed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Liquid-liquid extraction methods were utilized for blood and organ samples, while solid-phase extraction with ß-glucuronidase enzyme treatment was applied for urine sample preparation. The relationship between the amount of burned plant and the amount of SCs accumulated in the blood, urine and organ samples of rats exposed to the plant product by inhalation was examined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. AB-FUBINACA and 5F-NPB-22 were detected in the herbal product. A significant correlation was found between the amount of herbal product inhaled and the prevalence of SCs, especially in lung tissues while no SCs were detected in the blood and urine samples of rats. There is currently no study on biological samples of individuals exposed to herbal products containing SCs by inhalation. Regarding the findings obtained in this study, the overall increase in the amounts of herbal product inhaled was demonstrated to pose a potential risk to humans.


Subject(s)
Seizures/chemically induced , Animals , Illicit Drugs , Indazoles , Inhalation , Nitrobenzenes , Rats
2.
Int J Legal Med ; 130(1): 1-12, 2016 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26342285

ABSTRACT

Compensation for personal damage, defined as any pecuniary or non-pecuniary loss causally related to a personal injury under civil-tort law, is strictly based on the local jurisdiction and therefore varies significantly across the world. This manuscript presents the first "International Guidelines on Medico-Legal Methods of Ascertainment and Criteria of Evaluation of Personal Injury and Damage under Civil-Tort Law". This consensus document, which includes a step-by-step illustrated explanation of flow charts articulated in eight sequential steps and a comprehensive description of the ascertainment methodology and the criteria of evaluation, has been developed by an International Working Group composed of juridical and medico-legal experts and adopted as Guidelines by the International Academy of Legal Medicine (IALM).


Subject(s)
Compensation and Redress/legislation & jurisprudence , Liability, Legal , Humans , Malpractice/legislation & jurisprudence , Medical History Taking/standards , Physical Examination/standards , Referral and Consultation/standards
3.
J Forensic Leg Med ; 20(7): 799-802, 2013 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24112322

ABSTRACT

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a direct metabolite of ethanol and has been utilized as a marker for alcohol intake. This study presents development, validation and application of a new hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of EtG in human hair samples. The linearity was assessed in the range of 5-2000 pg/mg hair, with a correlation coefficient of >0.99. The method was selective and sensitive, with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.05 pg/mg and 0.18 pg/mg in hair, respectively. Differently from the extraction procedures in the literature, a fast and simple liquid-liquid method was used and highest recoveries and cleanest extracts were obtained. The method was successfully applied to 30 human hair samples which were taken from those who state they consume alcohol. EtG concentrations in the hair samples of alcohol users participated in this study, ranged between 1.34 and 82.73 pg/mg. From the concentration of EtG in hair strands 20 of the 30 subjects can be considered regular moderate drinkers.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, Liquid , Glucuronates/analysis , Hair/chemistry , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Adult , Alcohol Drinking , Forensic Toxicology/methods , Humans , Limit of Detection , Male , Middle Aged
4.
Turk Patoloji Derg ; 29(3): 201-9, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24022310

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Forensic autopsies are performed by the forensic medicine department and the microscopic examination processes by pathology specialists within the forensic medicine practice in Turkey. This disconnection in the process raises problems in the training of both branches. The aim of this study was to determine the awareness of pathology staff on forensic medicine practices and responsibilities and their opinion on the pathology training model in the forensic medicine specialty and to discuss the matter within the framework of the present situation and global applications. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A 15-item questionnaire form distributed to the participant physicians during registration at the 21st National Pathology Congress held in 2011 was evaluated. RESULTS: 94 participants responded. A negative opinion was expressed by 72% about the interest in the general post-mortem process. The view that pathology specialists should undergo a separate training to perform autopsies was predominant and there was a general lack of interest in all kinds of autopsy processes. The percentage who said they knew the legal responsibility of a pathology specialist regarding forensic autopsies correctly was 37%. The questions "what are the necessary factors to contribute to the pathology training in forensic medicine" and "if anything is required, which of them would take priority" were respectively answered as "for me to be interested (46%)" and "a system guaranteeing that training will always be given by pathology specialists (67%)". Despite the possibility of becoming a forensic medicine specialist in two years, the mean answer score of the participants to the phrase "I do not consider becoming a forensic medicine specialist" was 4.1 (out of 5). CONCLUSION: A reluctance among the pathologists in our country was seen regarding forensic medicine specialists being able to perform post-mortem microscopic examination. However, despite their legal responsibilities, their interest in forensic pathology practice was low. There seems to be rational factor that would increase this interest in the near future. Cooperation is necessary to enable forensic medicine specialists to perform post-mortem pathology procedures. This cooperation should be based on improving the training of pathology research assistants.


Subject(s)
Forensic Medicine , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Pathology , Physicians , Surveys and Questionnaires , Autopsy , Education, Medical, Graduate , Forensic Medicine/education , Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Medicine/organization & administration , Humans , Pathology/legislation & jurisprudence , Pathology/organization & administration , Turkey
5.
Hum Exp Toxicol ; 30(12): 1892-5, 2011 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21393348

ABSTRACT

In Cukurova region, pesticide poisonings still remain an unfortunate cause of death, which led to the present study. The autopsy records of Adana Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine, between 2006 and 2008, were evaluated retrospectively. Deaths that were attributed to pesticide poisoning were included in the scope of the study to identify the type of pesticide, and etiology of intoxication. The frequency and distribution of intoxications were also analyzed in terms of sex and age. In the studied period, a total of 4199 autopsies were referred to the forensic toxicology laboratory for pesticide analysis. Seventy-two cases were positive for pesticide analysis. Of these, 42 (58.33%) were male and 30 (41.67%) were female, with a mean age of 38.8 ± 20.6 years. Among the inspected pesticides, endosulfan was found to be the most common with 47.2% of prevalence, followed by dichlorvos. This report showed that certain pesticides, endosulfan in particular, remains as common cause of poisonings in Cukurova region.


Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Pesticides/poisoning , Poisoning/etiology , Accidents , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cause of Death , Child , Dichlorvos/analysis , Dichlorvos/poisoning , Endosulfan/analysis , Endosulfan/poisoning , Female , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pesticides/analysis , Poisoning/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Suicide , Turkey/epidemiology , Young Adult
6.
Am J Forensic Med Pathol ; 31(3): 208-12, 2010 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20177365

ABSTRACT

Corpses found in wells or lime pits must be identified and the cause and manner of death must be determined. There are several circumstances that may lead to the presence of corpses in wells. In this study, 3940 death examinations and autopsies, performed at the Konya Branch of Forensic Medicine Council (Turkey) between 2000 and 2007, were retrospectively investigated, and it was found that 18 (0.46%) of the bodies had been recovered from wells. The cases were evaluated in terms of their demographic features, manner of death (accidental, suicidal, or homicidal), autopsy findings, cause of death, and the characteristics of the wells in which they were found. The ages of the victims ranged from 4 to 74 years, and the average age was 40. 4 +/- 20.6 years. Of total, 16 cases were males and 2 were females. The manner of death was determined to be accidental in 10 of the cases, suicide in 6 of the cases, and homicide in the remaining 2 cases. In 7 of the cases, death had occurred as a result of drowning in water. A comprehensive scene investigation and autopsy must be performed for corpses recovered from wells and pits for both identification and determination of the cause and manner of death. Wells should be covered and kept closed at all times to reduce the number of accidental deaths resulting from falls into wells.


Subject(s)
Accidents/statistics & numerical data , Confined Spaces , Homicide/statistics & numerical data , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Water Supply , Accidents/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Asphyxia/etiology , Brain Injuries/pathology , Cardiac Tamponade/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Drowning/mortality , Female , Flail Chest/pathology , Forensic Pathology , Hemopneumothorax/pathology , Hemothorax/pathology , Humans , Intracranial Hemorrhages/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Turkey/epidemiology , Young Adult
7.
Forensic Sci Int ; 189(1-3): e33-6, 2009 Aug 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19446972

ABSTRACT

Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare benign cysts but they may be potentially life-threatening. Three cases of sudden death resulting from colloid cysts of the third ventricle are presented. The first and second cases were treated for migraine headaches. In the first case, the patient was a 24-year-old woman who presented to the hospital with a severe headache and was sent back home after medical treatment. Six hours later, she was found dead in her bed. The second case was a 21-year-old woman who experienced a severe headache, dizziness and vomiting 1 day prior to her death. She was transported to the hospital, where she was pronounced dead upon arrival. The third case was a 25-year-old man who experienced headaches and vomiting and was diagnosed with and medically treated for sinusitis. He lost consciousness and was taken to hospital, where he was pronounced dead on arrival. During the autopsy of all three cases, there was a grey transillumination area observed that occurred due to the stretching of tissue at the base of brain between the corpus mamillare and chiasma opticum. Dissection of the brain revealed a colloid cyst of the third ventricle. To avoid such fatal complications, prompt diagnosis using CT or MRI is essential in patients who have a long-standing history of intermittent headaches. During the autopsy of the sudden deaths of people with medical antecedents of headaches, if a grey color is observed between the chiasma opticum and the corpus mamillare in the base of the brain, a colloid cyst should be considered and this region should be dissected and examined carefully.


Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/pathology , Cysts/pathology , Death, Sudden/etiology , Third Ventricle/pathology , Tuber Cinereum/pathology , Adult , Dilatation, Pathologic , Dizziness/etiology , Female , Forensic Pathology , Headache/etiology , Humans , Male , Pulmonary Edema/pathology , Vomiting/etiology
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