ABSTRACT
The aim of this overview was to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials on alveolar ridge preservation after a tooth extraction. During March 2020, two independent reviewers performed an electronic search of the PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to identify all relevant systematic reviews including randomized clinical trials on alveolar ridge preservation. A manual search of articles in renowned journals was also conducted. The methodological quality of the included reviews was determined using the AMSTAR-2 tool. From the 53 initially retrieved studies, 11 were finally included: three systematic reviews and eight systematic reviews with meta-analyses. The methodological quality of the included reviews was low or critically low. Higher quality clinical studies should be conducted prior to performing further reviews and these should meet the methodological requirements that are fundamental to this type of research.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Ridge Augmentation , Tooth Socket , Alveolar Process/surgery , Humans , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Tooth Extraction , Tooth Socket/surgeryABSTRACT
The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence, epidemiology and clinical-therapeutical evolution of hepatolithiasis (HL) in Argentina. With this purpose a survey was conducted sending a questionnaire to ten referencial and interventional radiology centers in the country. Seven centers answered on time. In the last five years a total of 8,736 consecutive patients were examined for cholangiography (endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, PTC). A total of 5,920 (68%) were biliary lithiasis and 53 (0.9%, range 0.5-2.6%) of these were HL. In case of HL the diagnostic procedure was the ERCP in 68% of the cases, and the PTC in the remainder 32%. The patients with HL (53% females, mean age 52, range 23-85) clinically presented cholangitis (79%); pancreatitis (6%) and five (9.4%) showed evolution to a biliary cirrhosis. Associated diseases or abnormalities of the biliary tree were: biliary postsurgical strictures (BPS), 28%; Caroli's Syndrome, 20%; and choledocholithiasis, 28%. While a 9.4% presented a "biliary history" (that was defined as two or more episodes of biliary surgery) and a 5.7% lacked associated or predisposing diseases. Follow-up was lost in 23% of the cases and in 77% a follow up of 38 months (range 8-60) was observed with 4.8% mortality rate. The treatment was hepatobiliary surgery in 58% of the cases; endoscopic papillotomy in 17% and combined treatments that included extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in 15%. Four out of 53 cases (7.5%) received UDCA as the only successful therapy. HL is an entity with high biliary morbidity in 85% of the cases and development in to cirrhosis in 9.4%. When the diagnosis is made in the western world both BPS and Caroli must be discarded first. Combined treatments or only UDCA are new therapeutical alternative in the western world.
Subject(s)
Caroli Disease/complications , Lithiasis/complications , Lithiasis/epidemiology , Liver Diseases/complications , Liver Diseases/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Argentina , Caroli Disease/diagnosis , Caroli Disease/epidemiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Lithiasis/diagnosis , Lithiasis/therapy , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Liver Diseases/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
A fin de determinar la prevalencia epidemiología y comportamiento clínico-terapÛutico de la hepatolitiasis (HL) en el país se envió un cuestionario a 10 centros de referencia, en Radiología invasiva de vía biliar. De 10 centros encuestados, 7 (70 por ciento) contestaron en tiempo y forma. Reuniéndose un total de 8.736 colangiografías (C) en los últimos 5 años: 5.920 (68 por ciento) fueron litiasis biliares y 53 de estas resultaron HL (0.9 por ciento, rango 0,5-2.6 por ciento). El método diagnóstico fue la C. retrógrada en el 36 (68 por ciento) y en el 17 (32 por ciento) la C. transhepática. De 53 pacientes con HL (53 por ciento, x de edad 52, rango 23-85); el 79 por ciento (42/53) se presentó clínicamente con una colangitis; un 6 por ciento 3/53) padeció una pancreatitis aguda y un 9.4 por ciento (5/53), evolucionó a una cirrosis biliar. Las enfermedades predisponentes a HL fueron: en el 28 por ciento (15/53) estenosis postquirúrgica de la via biliar (EPQ); en el 20 por ciento (11/53) Enfermedad de Carolí en otro 28 por ciento (15/53) panlitiasiscoledociana. Mientras que un 9,4 por ciento (5/53) presentó una "historia biliar" (dos o más intervenciones sobre la via biliar) y en un 5,7 por ciento (3/53) no se hallaron factores predisponentes. En un 77 por ciento se observó un follow-up de 38 meses (rango 8-60), con una mortalidad de 4,8 por ciento (2/41): siendo tratados con cirurgía en el 58 por ciento de los casos (31/53); papilotomía en el 17 por ciento (9/53) y tratamiento combinados en el 15 por ciento (8/53) que incluían a litotripsia extracorpórea y Ac. Ursodesoxicólico(AUDC). Cuatro de 53 (7.5 por ciento) recibieron AUDC como única terapéutica. Se concluye que la HL es una entidad con alta morbilidad biliar (85 por ciento) y heoática (cirrosis en el 9.4 por ciento). Cuando se diagnostica en Occidente, debe buscarse EPQ o un Carolí. Siendo los tratamientos combinados o el AUDC como única alternativa, una nueva modalidad terapéutica del mundo occidental. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Lithiasis/epidemiology , Lithiasis/complications , Liver Diseases/epidemiology , Liver Diseases/complications , Caroli Disease/complications , Lithiasis/diagnosis , Lithiasis/therapy , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Liver Diseases/therapy , Caroli Disease/epidemiology , Caroli Disease/diagnosis , Argentina , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Diagnosis, Differential , Aged, 80 and overABSTRACT
The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence, epidemiology and clinical-therapeutical evolution of hepatolithiasis (HL) in Argentina. With this purpose a survey was conducted sending a questionnaire to ten referencial and interventional radiology centers in the country. Seven centers answered on time. In the last five years a total of 8,736 consecutive patients were examined for cholangiography (endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, PTC). A total of 5,920 (68
) were biliary lithiasis and 53 (0.9
, range 0.5-2.6
) of these were HL. In case of HL the diagnostic procedure was the ERCP in 68
of the cases, and the PTC in the remainder 32
. The patients with HL (53
females, mean age 52, range 23-85) clinically presented cholangitis (79
); pancreatitis (6
) and five (9.4
) showed evolution to a biliary cirrhosis. Associated diseases or abnormalities of the biliary tree were: biliary postsurgical strictures (BPS), 28
; Carolis Syndrome, 20
; and choledocholithiasis, 28
. While a 9.4
presented a [quot ]biliary history[quot ] (that was defined as two or more episodes of biliary surgery) and a 5.7
lacked associated or predisposing diseases. Follow-up was lost in 23
of the cases and in 77
a follow up of 38 months (range 8-60) was observed with 4.8
mortality rate. The treatment was hepatobiliary surgery in 58
of the cases; endoscopic papillotomy in 17
and combined treatments that included extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in 15
. Four out of 53 cases (7.5
) received UDCA as the only successful therapy. HL is an entity with high biliary morbidity in 85
of the cases and development in to cirrhosis in 9.4
. When the diagnosis is made in the western world both BPS and Caroli must be discarded first. Combined treatments or only UDCA are new therapeutical alternative in the western world.
ABSTRACT
A fin de determinar la prevalencia epidemiología y comportamiento clínico-terapêutico de la hepatolitiasis (HL) en el país se envió un cuestionario a 10 centros de referencia, en Radiología invasiva de vía biliar. De 10 centros encuestados, 7 (70 por ciento) contestaron en tiempo y forma. Reuniéndose un total de 8.736 colangiografías (C) en los últimos 5 años: 5.920 (68 por ciento) fueron litiasis biliares y 53 de estas resultaron HL (0.9 por ciento, rango 0,5-2.6 por ciento). El método diagnóstico fue la C. retrógrada en el 36 (68 por ciento) y en el 17 (32 por ciento) la C. transhepática. De 53 pacientes con HL (53 por ciento, x de edad 52, rango 23-85); el 79 por ciento (42/53) se presentó clínicamente con una colangitis; un 6 por ciento 3/53) padeció una pancreatitis aguda y un 9.4 por ciento (5/53), evolucionó a una cirrosis biliar. Las enfermedades predisponentes a HL fueron: en el 28 por ciento (15/53) estenosis postquirúrgica de la via biliar (EPQ); en el 20 por ciento (11/53) Enfermedad de Carolí en otro 28 por ciento (15/53) panlitiasiscoledociana. Mientras que un 9,4 por ciento (5/53) presentó una "historia biliar" (dos o más intervenciones sobre la via biliar) y en un 5,7 por ciento (3/53) no se hallaron factores predisponentes. En un 77 por ciento se observó un follow-up de 38 meses (rango 8-60), con una mortalidad de 4,8 por ciento (2/41): siendo tratados con cirurgía en el 58 por ciento de los casos (31/53); papilotomía en el 17 por ciento (9/53) y tratamiento combinados en el 15 por ciento (8/53) que incluían a litotripsia extracorpórea y Ac. Ursodesoxicólico(AUDC). Cuatro de 53 (7.5 por ciento) recibieron AUDC como única terapéutica. Se concluye que la HL es una entidad con alta morbilidad biliar (85 por ciento) y heoática (cirrosis en el 9.4 por ciento). Cuando se diagnostica en Occidente, debe buscarse EPQ o un Carolí. Siendo los tratamientos combinados o el AUDC como única alternativa, una nueva modalidad terapéutica del mundo occidental.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Caroli Disease/complications , Lithiasis/complications , Lithiasis/epidemiology , Liver Diseases/complications , Liver Diseases/epidemiology , Aged, 80 and over , Argentina , Caroli Disease/diagnosis , Caroli Disease/epidemiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Lithiasis/diagnosis , Lithiasis/therapy , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Liver Diseases/therapy , Prevalence , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Recurrent gallstones are the limiting factor for every non surgical treatment. In order to determine the optimal prevention therapy, 30 patients after successful dissolution therapy of microcholelithiasis (MCL) with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), were randomized by the double blind method to receive UDCA therapy. This was administered either as 150 mg (N = 15, group I) or 300 mg per day (N = 15, group II). There was a follow-up period of 12 months with clinical examination every month and upper abdominal sonography on days 180 and 360. Recurrent gallstones, after a 12-month period, was 6.7% (1/15) in group II versus 66% (10/15) in group I (P < 0.005). When recurrence was examined according to the number of gallstones, it reached 8% (1/12) in the solitary MCL vs 55.5% (10/18) in multiple MCL (P < 0.005). The recurrence was always symptomatic (biliary pain) and developed in 11 out of 30 pts, as MCL in 7 and as biliary sludge in the remainder 4. We conclude that a daily dose of 300 mg of UDCA was effective in reducing the recurrent gallstones in more than 90% of cases treated for 12 months. The significant risk factors associated with recurrence were the UDCA low dose and multiple stones. Biliary sludge represented 36% of the recurrence.
Subject(s)
Cholelithiasis/drug therapy , Gastrointestinal Agents/administration & dosage , Ursodeoxycholic Acid/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , RecurrenceSubject(s)
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic , Cholelithiasis , Cholelithiasis/therapy , Asia, Eastern , HumansABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The aim of this trial was to investigate if a more prolonged course of interferon (IFN) is able to increase the long-term benefit in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Forty-four patients with active chronic hepatitis and antibodies to HCV were randomly assigned to receive IFN-alfa 2b 3 MU t.i.w. during 24 weeks (group I, n 23) or during 48 weeks (group II, n 21). In the evaluation of results, complete response was considered when the ALT values returned to normality during the treatment; and sustained response, when the ALT values persisted below normal range during at least 6 months post therapy. Histologic changes were compared by using the Histological Activity Index, or Knodell score. Viremia status was evaluated for the study of HCV RNA (by nested-RT-PCR). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between both groups before treatment, in terms of age, sex, ALT, or histologic findings (11 patients in group I, and 7 in group II had cirrhosis). Complete response was found in 9 patients (39.1%) from group I; in 11 (52.4%) from group II (NS). Basal histologic findings were identified as the only predictive factor of complete and sustained response, by logistic regression analysis. Considering only noncirrhotic patients, complete response was seen in 58.3% in patients from group I, 71.4% in group II. Sustained response was obtained in 4 patients from group I, (17.4%), 7 from group II (33.3%) (NS). Post IFN liver biopsies were performed in 23 patients (12 from group I, 11 from group II). In group I patients, there were no significant changes. In group II, Knodell score was found to be significantly decreased post IFN [pre IFN, median 10, range 3-15; post IFN, median 6, range 2-14] (p < 0.05). HCV RNA was absent in serum during the follow-up post IFN in 2 patients from group I, in 3 from group II. The results of this study show that a 48 weeks course of IFN has a trend to achieve a higher sustained response than the usual regime (but non significant); and it produces a decrease in the histologic activity. The best predictive factor of positive response was the absence of cirrhosis in our study (although we did not evaluate viral factors, such as genotypes or HCV viremia levels).
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Hepatitis C/therapy , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Adult , Chronic Disease , Female , Hepatitis C/pathology , Humans , Interferon alpha-2 , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Recombinant Proteins , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The aim of this trial was to investigate if a more prolonged course of interferon (IFN) is able to increase the long-term benefit in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Forty-four patients with active chronic hepatitis and antibodies to HCV were randomly assigned to receive IFN-alfa 2b 3 MU t.i.w. during 24 weeks (group I, n 23) or during 48 weeks (group II, n 21). In the evaluation of results, complete response was considered when the ALT values returned to normality during the treatment; and sustained response, when the ALT values persisted below normal range during at least 6 months post therapy. Histologic changes were compared by using the Histological Activity Index, or Knodell score. Viremia status was evaluated for the study of HCV RNA (by nested-RT-PCR). Results: There were no significant differences between boths groups before treatment, in terms of age, sex, ALT, or histologic findings (11 patients in group I, and 7 in group II had cirrhosis). Complete response was found in 9 patients (39.1 per cent) from group I; in 11 (52.4 per cent) from group II (NS). Basal histologic findings were identified as the only predictive factor of complete and sustained response, by logistic regresion analysis. Considering only noncirrhotic patients, complete response was seen in 58.3 per cent in patients from group I, 71.4 per cent in group II. Sustained response was obtained in 4 patients from group I, (17.4 per cent), 7 from group II (33.3 per cent) (NS). Post IFN liver biopsies were performed in 23 patients (12 from group I, 11 from group II). In group I patients, there were no significant changes. In group II, Knodell score was found to be significantly decreased post IFN (pre IFN, median 10, range 3-15; post IFN, median 6, range 2-14) (p<0.05). HCR RNA was absent in serum during the follow-up post IFN in 2 patients from group I, in 3 from group II. The results of this study show that a 48 weeks course of IFN has a trend to achieve a higher sustained response than the usual regime (but non significant); and it produces a decrease in the histologic activity. The best predicitve factor of positive response was the absence of cirrhosis in our study (although we did not evaluate viral factors, such as genotypes or HCV viremia levels). (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Injections, Subcutaneous , Hepatitis C/therapy , Hepatitis C/pathology , Hepatitis C/virology , Chronic Disease , Prospective Studies , Alanine Transaminase/bloodABSTRACT
The aim of this trial was to investigate if a more prolonged course of interferon (IFN) is able to increase the long-term benefit in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Forty-four patients with active chronic hepatitis and antibodies to HCV were randomly assigned to receive IFN-alfa 2b 3 MU t.i.w. during 24 weeks (group I, n 23) or during 48 weeks (group II, n 21). In the evaluation of results, complete response was considered when the ALT values returned to normality during the treatment; and sustained response, when the ALT values persisted below normal range during at least 6 months post therapy. Histologic changes were compared by using the Histological Activity Index, or Knodell score. Viremia status was evaluated for the study of HCV RNA (by nested-RT-PCR). Results: There were no significant differences between boths groups before treatment, in terms of age, sex, ALT, or histologic findings (11 patients in group I, and 7 in group II had cirrhosis). Complete response was found in 9 patients (39.1 per cent) from group I; in 11 (52.4 per cent) from group II (NS). Basal histologic findings were identified as the only predictive factor of complete and sustained response, by logistic regresion analysis. Considering only noncirrhotic patients, complete response was seen in 58.3 per cent in patients from group I, 71.4 per cent in group II. Sustained response was obtained in 4 patients from group I, (17.4 per cent), 7 from group II (33.3 per cent) (NS). Post IFN liver biopsies were performed in 23 patients (12 from group I, 11 from group II). In group I patients, there were no significant changes. In group II, Knodell score was found to be significantly decreased post IFN (pre IFN, median 10, range 3-15; post IFN, median 6, range 2-14) (p<0.05). HCR RNA was absent in serum during the follow-up post IFN in 2 patients from group I, in 3 from group II. The results of this study show that a 48 weeks course of IFN has a trend to achieve a higher sustained response than the usual regime (but non significant); and it produces a decrease in the histologic activity. The best predicitve factor of positive response was the absence of cirrhosis in our study (although we did not evaluate viral factors, such as genotypes or HCV viremia levels).
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepatitis C/therapy , Injections, Subcutaneous , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Chronic Disease , Hepatitis C/pathology , Hepatitis C/virology , Prospective StudiesSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/diagnosis , Bone Cysts, AneurysmalABSTRACT
A prospective and multicenter study was performed to determine the efficacy and tolerance of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of gallstones and biliary sludge. Criteria for entry into the trial were radiolucent gallbladder stones; until 20 mm of size and visualization of the gallbladder by oral cholecystography. Too were treatment the patients with persistent biliary sludge (PBS) defined by the persistence of the biliary sludge in two consecutive echography along three months. Without severe gallbladder disease. Then daily UDCA doses of 600 mg were suminstred divided in two postprandial times for a six months period. The control to the treatment were: basal ultrasonography (US) of the gallbladder and by follow-up gallbladder US for six months; clinical examination every month and cholecystography before and after the treatment. Of 110 admitted patients, 19 (17%) stopped the treatment for no-medical reasons and 91 (83%) arrived to the and point. After six months of treatment, complete dissolution was observed in 50% of the patients (46/91), partial in the 43% (39/91) and failed the treatment in 6.5% (6/91) who presented high density stones for computed tomography, CT (greater than 60 UH). According to pattern of lithiasis dissolution was complete in 100% (22/22) of the patients with PBS; 71.4% (10/14) in microlithiasis and 25% (14/55) in macrolithiasis. Minor adverse effects were acidism in the 7.7% (7/91) and diarrhea in the 1.1% (1/91). In the other hand, one patient presented acute pancreatitis (1/91; 1.1%), it must be discussed if was a complication of the lithiasis or an therapeutic effect. The UDCA was a safe and effective treatment without lethality in PBS and in microlithiasis while in case of macrolithiasis must be standardized response criterion, for example density stones for CT.
Subject(s)
Cholelithiasis/drug therapy , Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use , Adult , Cholecystography , Clinical Protocols , Female , Humans , Male , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
A fin de valorar la actividad litolítica y tolerancia del AUDC en LV y BBP a través de un estudio terapéutico de fase IV, prospectivo y multicéntrico fueron seleccionados los que reunieron estos criterios de inclusión: cálculos radiolúcidos; no mayores de 20 mm y vesícula funcionante o bien, los que padecían BBP definido como la persistencia del barro biliar en 2 ecografías sucesivas a lo largo de 90 días. En ausencia de colecistopatia severa, los admitidos recibieron 600 mgs de AUDC en tres dosis posprandiales, durante 6 meses. Los controles al tratamiento fueron ecografías, basal, a los 90 y 180 días respectivamente; evaluados clínica mensual y colecistografia pre y post-tratamiento. De 110 pacientes seleccionados 19 (17 por ciento) desertaron por motivos extramédicos y 91 (83 por ciento) concluyeron el período de seguimiento, documentandose que al cabo de 6 meses el 50 por ciento (46/91) presentó una respuesta completa (RC) al tratamiento ("vesícula normal"); el 43 por ciento (36/91) redujeron significativamente el tamaño de los cálculos (respuesta parcial, RP) y en el 5,4 por ciento (6/91) fracasó el tratamiento (demonstrándose en los 6 alto contenido cálcio por examen físico-quimico o tomográfico). Se se discrimina según el tipo de litiasis, la RC fue del 100 por ciento (22/22) en BBP; del 71,4 por ciento (10/14) en microlitiasis y del 25 por ciento (14/55) en macrolitiasis. Efectos indeseables fueron: acidez en el 7,7 por ciento 7/91); diarrea en el 1,1 por ciento (1/91) y pancreatitis aguda en el 1,1 por ciento (1/91), debiendo discutirse se esta, fue un efecto por la terapéutica o una complicación de la enfermedad causal. El AUDC fue una alternativa terapéutica eficaz con mínima morbilidad en el 100 por ciento de los pacientes con BBP y suprimió la microlitiasis en el 71,4 por ciento de los casos. Mientras que en las macrolitiasis se debe insistir en los signos de respuesta terapéutica en al valoración previa con densitometría tomográfica del cálculo. La litiasis vesicular presenta alta prevalencia en la población general (10), existiendo en la actualidad numerosas posibilidades terapéuticas (8), una de ellas, los ácidos biliares, constituyen una, carente de mortalidad y con muy baja morbilidad: el 1,2 por ciento de los tratados en esta experiencia con AUDC presentó diarrea autolimitada y acidez neutralizable con alcalinos; cifras extrapolables a la frecuencia de estos efectos en distintas poblaciones. Uno de los enfermos con mcirolitiasis padeció una pancreatitis aguda, a los 45 días de recibir AUDC; debiendo plantearse si esta fue una complicación como clásicamente está descripto en este tipo de litiasis (12) o bien, hoy se sabe el AUDC es un potente hidrocolerético natural, ya demostrado en animales de experimentación (11) y tal vez, al producir este fenómeno de "lavado biliar" podría excepcionalmente arrastrar microcálculos y poner en marcha el gatillo duodeno pancreático (AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Cholelithiasis/drug therapy , Ursodeoxycholic Acid/administration & dosage , Cholelithiasis/diagnostic imaging , Cholelithiasis/diagnostic imaging , Cholecystography , Clinical Protocols , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A prospective and multicenter study was performed to determine the efficacy and tolerance of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of gallstones and biliary sludge. Criteria for entry into the trial were radiolucent gallbladder stones; until 20 mm of size and visualization of the gallbladder by oral cholecystography. Too were treatment the patients with persistent biliary sludge (PBS) defined by the persistence of the biliary sludge in two consecutive echography along three months. Without severe gallbladder disease. Then daily UDCA doses of 600 mg were suminstred divided in two postprandial times for a six months period. The control to the treatment were: basal ultrasonography (US) of the gallbladder and by follow-up gallbladder US for six months; clinical examination every month and cholecystography before and after the treatment. Of 110 admitted patients, 19 (17
) stopped the treatment for no-medical reasons and 91 (83
) arrived to the and point. After six months of treatment, complete dissolution was observed in 50
of the patients (46/91), partial in the 43
(39/91) and failed the treatment in 6.5
(6/91) who presented high density stones for computed tomography, CT (greater than 60 UH). According to pattern of lithiasis dissolution was complete in 100
(22/22) of the patients with PBS; 71.4
(10/14) in microlithiasis and 25
(14/55) in macrolithiasis. Minor adverse effects were acidism in the 7.7
(7/91) and diarrhea in the 1.1
(1/91). In the other hand, one patient presented acute pancreatitis (1/91; 1.1
), it must be discussed if was a complication of the lithiasis or an therapeutic effect. The UDCA was a safe and effective treatment without lethality in PBS and in microlithiasis while in case of macrolithiasis must be standardized response criterion, for example density stones for CT.
ABSTRACT
A fin de valorar la actividad litolítica y tolerancia del AUDC en LV y BBP a través de un estudio terapéutico de fase IV, prospectivo y multicéntrico fueron seleccionados los que reunieron estos criterios de inclusión: cálculos radiolúcidos; no mayores de 20 mm y vesícula funcionante o bien, los que padecían BBP definido como la persistencia del barro biliar en 2 ecografías sucesivas a lo largo de 90 días. En ausencia de colecistopatia severa, los admitidos recibieron 600 mgs de AUDC en tres dosis posprandiales, durante 6 meses. Los controles al tratamiento fueron ecografías, basal, a los 90 y 180 días respectivamente; evaluados clínica mensual y colecistografia pre y post-tratamiento. De 110 pacientes seleccionados 19 (17 por ciento) desertaron por motivos extramédicos y 91 (83 por ciento) concluyeron el período de seguimiento, documentandose que al cabo de 6 meses el 50 por ciento (46/91) presentó una respuesta completa (RC) al tratamiento ("vesícula normal"); el 43 por ciento (36/91) redujeron significativamente el tamaño de los cálculos (respuesta parcial, RP) y en el 5,4 por ciento (6/91) fracasó el tratamiento (demonstrándose en los 6 alto contenido cálcio por examen físico-quimico o tomográfico). Se se discrimina según el tipo de litiasis, la RC fue del 100 por ciento (22/22) en BBP; del 71,4 por ciento (10/14) en microlitiasis y del 25 por ciento (14/55) en macrolitiasis. Efectos indeseables fueron: acidez en el 7,7 por ciento 7/91); diarrea en el 1,1 por ciento (1/91) y pancreatitis aguda en el 1,1 por ciento (1/91), debiendo discutirse se esta, fue un efecto por la terapéutica o una complicación de la enfermedad causal. El AUDC fue una alternativa terapéutica eficaz con mínima morbilidad en el 100 por ciento de los pacientes con BBP y suprimió la microlitiasis en el 71,4 por ciento de los casos. Mientras que en las macrolitiasis se debe insistir en los signos de respuesta terapéutica en al valoración previa con densitometría tomográfica del cálculo. La litiasis vesicular presenta alta prevalencia en la población general (10), existiendo en la actualidad numerosas posibilidades terapéuticas (8), una de ellas, los ácidos biliares, constituyen una, carente de mortalidad y con muy baja morbilidad: el 1,2 por ciento de los tratados en esta experiencia con AUDC presentó diarrea autolimitada y acidez neutralizable con alcalinos; cifras extrapolables a la frecuencia de estos efectos en distintas poblaciones. Uno de los enfermos con mcirolitiasis padeció una pancreatitis aguda, a los 45 días de recibir AUDC; debiendo plantearse si esta fue una complicación como clásicamente está descripto en este tipo de litiasis (12) o bien, hoy se sabe el AUDC es un potente hidrocolerético natural, ya demostrado en animales de experimentación (11) y tal vez, al producir este fenómeno de "lavado biliar" podría excepcionalmente arrastrar microcálculos y poner en marcha el gatillo duodeno pancreático
