ABSTRACT
In translational animal study aimed at evaluation of the effectiveness of innovative methods for treating cerebral stroke, including regenerative cell technologies, of particular importance is evaluation of the dynamics of changes in the volume of the cerebral infarction in response to therapy. Among the methods for assessing the focus of infarction, MRI is the most effective and convenient tool for use in preclinical studies. This review provides a description of MR pulse sequences used to visualize cerebral ischemia at various stages of its development, and a detailed description of the MR semiotics of cerebral infarction. A comparison of various methods for morphometric analysis of the focus of a cerebral infarction, including systems based on artificial intelligence for a more objective measurement of the volume of the lesion, is also presented.
Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Animals , Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Stroke/pathology , Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Cerebral Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Infarction/pathology , Ischemic Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Ischemic Stroke/pathology , Artificial IntelligenceABSTRACT
The authors describe dynamic MRI and clinical data after non-invasive treatment of tremor in the upper extremity. Thalamotomy by high-intensity focused ultrasound under MR-guided navigation was performed. A 57-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease underwent treatment with focused ultrasound. MRI of the brain was performed 1 and 48 hours, 47 days, 3 and 6 months later. Features of natural course of focal brain changes after treatment, data of MR tractography necessary for correction of target zone are described. The authors conclude that MR changes are characterized by presence of a focus in the area of focused exposure. Peak severity is observed on the second day after procedure with subsequent regression. MR-based analysis of predictors is promising to forecast treatment outcomes.
Subject(s)
Essential Tremor , Tremor , Essential Tremor/therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Middle Aged , Neuroimaging , Thalamus/diagnostic imaging , Thalamus/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Tremor/diagnostic imaging , Tremor/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Abnormal styloid processes cause dissection of supra-aortic arteries in some cases. In total, about 33 cases have been described in the world and national literature. However, there were no dissections associated with neurosurgery. At the same time, anomalies of styloid process may be an unidentified cause of many spontaneous dissections of brachiocephalic arteries. OBJECTIVE: To analyze modern data on dissection of brachiocephalic arteries associated with anomalies of styloid process and describe dissection in a 44-year-old patient with deviated styloid processes after posterior cranial fossa surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Searching for literature data was performed using the keywords "dissection of the cervicocerebral arteries", "dissection of the brachiocephalic arteries", "stylocarotid syndrome" and "Eagle syndrome" in the PubMed and Medscape databases. We also describe a patient hospitalized for microsurgical resection of cystic-solid hemangioblastoma of medulla oblongata who developed postoperative dissection of both internal carotid and vertebral arteries. RESULTS: We found 1777 papers between 01/01/1900 and 01/18/2021. In most cases, ICA dissection was not a result of stylocarotid syndrome. There were 121 full-text Russian- or English-language articles. We selected 46 most relevant publications. Analyzing these papers, we found that small distance between the tops of styloid processes and internal carotid arteries can be a risk factor of dissection of brachiocephalic arteries in addition to styloid process elongation. Our patient was diagnosed with just such an anomaly. CONCLUSION: Anomalies of styloid processes can cause dangerous vascular complications. Therefore, the length and abnormal deviation of styloid process should be considered when planning intraoperative position of a patient associated with prolonged neck flexion.
