[A prognostic value of level of antiviral antibodies in the development of recurrence of bladder cancer].

INTRODUCTION: Serological diagnosis of virus-associated tumors attracts the attention of many specialists. The changes in the level of antiviral antibodies in tumors of different localizations are proved. In some cases, the authors suggest using these data either for screening of tumors or for controlling the cure. AIM: to evaluate the predictive value of antiviral antibodies for the recurrence of bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a level of antiviral antibodies (IgG, M) against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 types, cytomegalovirus (CMV) of 100 patients with bladder cancer (72 men and 28 women) aged from 38 to 90 years (mean age 65+/-10) was studied. Multivariate analysis with a construction of classification tree was performed. The recurrence of the bladder cancer was used as the dependent variable. RESULTS: in patients with recurrence of bladder cancer there was an increase in the level of anti-CMV IgG (616.5+/-501.46 U/ml vs. 339.06+/-306.61 U/ml, p=0.0017) and anti-EBV IgG-EBNA (246,7+/-207 U/ml vs. 141,5+/-163,7 U/ml, p=0.0118). After the construction of the classification tree, anti-CMV IgG, anti-EBV IgG-EBNA, tumor stage and the presence of CMV DNA in tumor tissue were selected. It allowed to classify correctly 20 of 24 patients with recurrence and 58 of 72 patients without relapse. The most significant predictors included anti-CMV IgG level (100%), anti-BNA IgG level (78%) and tumor stage (50%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive prognostic value (probability of tumor detection in patients with a positive test result), negative prognostic value (probability of absence of the tumor in persons with a negative test result) and accuracy were 83.33%, 80.56%, 58.82%, 93.55% and 81.25%, respectively. A multivariate analysis (binary logistic regression) was performed and a reliable model (2=22,438, p=0,00043) was created, including the following parameters: anti-CMV IgG more than 670 u/ml, anti-BNA IgG more than 130 u/ml, the degree of anaplasia, the presence CMV and/or EBV DNA in tumor tissue. Based on the regression equation, an accuracy test for prediction of tumor recurrence was carried out, which resulted in fairly high predictive results: specificity and sensitivity were 95.2% and 33.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: anti-CMV IgG level more than 670 U/ml and anti-BNA IgG level more than 130 U/ml are reliable predictors for the recurrence of bladder cancer.

[High oncogenic risk human papillomavirus and urinary bladder cancer].

AIM: To determine the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) of high oncogenic risk in the development of urinary bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients (72 men and 28 women) aged 38 to 90 years (mean age 65+/-10 years) diagnosed with bladder cancer were examined and underwent treatment. Clinical assessment was complemented by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the presence of antiviral antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), urethra scraping for detecting high oncogenic risk HPV. Tumor tissue was sampled for PCR virus detection. Semi-quantitative analysis was used to evaluate the components of lymphocyte-plasmocyte and leukocyte infiltrates and cytopathic changes in tumor tissue. RESULTS: There were positive correlations between cytopathic cell changes (koylocytosis and intranuclear inclusions, as manifestations of HPV) and the level of antiviral antibodies, the presence of viruses in the tumor, as well as with the components of the lymphoid-plasmocyte infiltrate. Negative correlations were found between the presence of papillomatosis and the above changes. CONCLUSION: Human papillomavirus is believed to be a trigger for the initiation of a tumor in young patients with a latent infection (CMV and EBV, HSV, HPV). Cytopathic changes (kylocytosis and intranuclear inclusions) were associated with the activity and morphological features of herpes-viral infections. Their degree varied depending on the stage of the process, but not on the anaplasia degree. Papillomatosis is associated with a more favorable course of the tumor process.

Change in the ploidy of prostatic epitheliocyte nuclei during carcinogenesis.

Comparative computer-assisted microspectrophotometric analysis of histological preparations showed that the mean nuclear ploidy increased 1.3 times in glandular hyperplasia and 2-fold in adenocarcinoma of 3 progressive degrees of dysdifferentiation. Proliferative activity of cells also increased from stage to stage. The data visualize cell nuclei ploidy and facilitate objective differential diagnostic decision making.

[A retrospective analysis of morphological tests in patients with interstitial cystitis].

Cystoscopy, hydrobougieurage and biopsy of the urinary bladder were made in 80 female patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) aged 23-68 years. Endoscopic changes were estimated by an original scale. The analysis of the endoscopic findings revealed a correlation between duration of the process, cystoscopic picture and histopathological evidence. Clinical and cystoscopic pictures provide significant information on morphological changes in the wall of the urinary bladder depending on the disease stage. Histological study of urinary bladder biopsies in IC is used rather for excluding other diseases of the urinary bladder with similar clinical symptoms (primarily cancer and tuberculosis).

[Comparative assessment of the WHO and Gilson histological classifications of prostatic neoplasms (taking into account data of ploidy studies)]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka gistologicheskikh klassifikatsii zlokachestvennykh opukholei predstatel'noi zhelezy VOZ i Glisona (s uchetom dannykh ploidometricheskogo issledovaniia).

We estimated ploidometric nuclear parameters of predominating cell population in various prostatic adenocarcinomas in using WHO vs Glison classification to define advantages of the above classifications. Ploidometry provides information on cell composition and proliferative activity of cells. We observed greater ploidity in different grades of cell atypia. WHO histological classification by differentiation grade corresponds to ploidometric characterization of tumor cell populations but fails to reflect the presence of different histological types of the tumor. Currently introduced classification by Glison is more effective both diagnostically and prognostically as it reveals a dominant histological type of the tumor and shows other variants of tumor growth progression.

[Morphometric diagnostics of the prostate precancer and cancer by examination of ploidy]. / Morfometricheskaia diagnostika predraka i raka predstatel'noi zhelezy po dannym issledovaniia ploidnosti.

Prostatic biopsies at different stages of carcinogenesis from 75 patients were studied. Increase of ploidy indices was established as carcinogenesis progressed. Characteristics of ploidy found in this investigation may be used for improvement of biopsy morphological studies.

[Precancerous conditions of the prostate--histologic and morphometric investigation]. / K voprosu o predrakovykh sostoianiiakh predstatel'noi zhelezy (gistologicheskoe i morfometricheskoe issledovanie).

The nuclear ploidy of epithelial cells in biopsy specimens from precancerous prostatic tissues was investigated in 80 patients. Histological specimens stained after Felgen were examined using an Imager-CG computer analyzer (Avtan-Sun protocol). The study compared interphase nuclei of intact prostate epithelial cells, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial hyperplasia (PIH) and atypical small acinar proliferation. Nuclear ploidy was shown to vary with said conditions: high-grade (PIH) should be considered an obligatory precursor of cancer while the other two conditions--potential precursors. These correlations may be used to improve the accuracy of morphological examination of biopsy specimens.

[Correlation between expression of androgen receptors and the degree of cell differentiation in human prostate cancer]. / Sootnoshenie mezhdu ékspressiei retseptorov k androgenam i stepen'iu differentsirovki pri rake predstatel'noi zhelezy cheloveka.

Immunohistochemical examination was carried out to investigate androgen receptor antigen expression in epithelial cells of benign or malignant tumors in the prostate of aged men. The benign tumors were characterized by homogeneous distribution of androgen receptors in all nuclei of secretory epithelial cells. In malignant cells there was partial or complete loss of the androgen receptors to androgens in parallel with decreased cell differentiation.

[Differential-diagnostic value of changes in nuclear ploidy of prostate epithelial cells during the carcinogenesis process]. / Differentsial'no-diagnosticheskoe znachenie izmenenii ploidnosti iader épitelial'nykh kletok predstatel'noi zhelezy v protsesse kantserogeneza.

Ploidometry of prostatic cell nuclei at different stages of carcinogenesis was made in 80 patients using 8 mcm histological sections stained by Felgen. Ploidy of 1332 nuclei of prostatic epithelial cells and 396 lymphocytes (tissue ploidy standard) was studied on computer image analyser "Imager-CG (computer program version Avtan-San). The study covered interphasic nuclei of the cells of the germinative zones of normal and hyperplastic structures, areas of intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma with various disdifferentiation degree. Significant differences in ploidy and proliferative activity of prostatic cells at different carcinogenesis stages were revealed. Ploidometry data may help to take decision in differential histopathological diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors of the prostate.