ABSTRACT
A very special type of pneumonic disease that generated the COVID-19 pandemic was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is spreading all over the world. The ongoing outbreak presents a challenge for data scientists to model COVID-19, when the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 are yet to be fully explained. The uncertainty around the COVID-19 with no vaccine and effective medicine available until today create additional pressure on the epidemiologists and policy makers. In such a crucial situation, it is very important to predict infected cases to support prevention of the disease and aid in the preparation of healthcare service. In this paper, we have tried to understand the spreading capability of COVID-19 in India taking into account of the lockdown period. The numbers of confirmed cases are increased in India and states in the past few weeks. A differential equation based simple model has been used to understand the pattern of COVID-19 in India and some states. Our findings suggest that the physical distancing and lockdown strategies implemented in India are successfully reducing the spread and that the tempo of pandemic growth has slowed in recent days.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this school-based, cross-sectional survey was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of permanent Molar Incisor Hypomineralization among 7-9 years old school children in Muradnagar. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed among 7-9 years old school children in Muradnagar. Estimated sample size was 992 in this study. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used in this study in which schools were the clusters which were selected randomly. The study proforma was divided into 2 parts, first part comprised of demographic status, socio-economic status, questionnaires on risk factors of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation such as prenatal, perinatal and postnal history upto 3 years, feeding pattern, fluoride and other pollutants exposure history, dental history, history of trauma to teeth/face, family history of enamel defects which was asked to the mothers and filled by one examiner in a face to face interview. The second part comprised of recording format of clinical variables assessed by investigator to be recorded by the recording clerk. Molar incisor hypomineralisation were recorded using Modified Developmental Defect of Enamel index developed by Clarkson J.J. and O' Mullane D.M. in 1989 and dental caries by using Decayed Missing Filled Tooth index (World Health Organization Modification 1997) in which WHO probe was used for examination of dental caries as recommended by WHO in the Oral Health Surveys, Fourth edition; 1997 (Spanish version). Before 1997 modification dental explorer was used for the examination of dental caries. Chi square test, Pearson's Correlation test, Logistic Regression Analysis and Unpaired t-test were used for analysing the data. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of Molar incisor hypomineralisation was 21.4% in this study. Age, problems during pregnancy, normal delivery and childhood illness/ infections are the risk factors which have highest strength of association. CONCLUSION: In the present study Molar incisor hypomineralisation was found to affect 2 out of every 10 children examined which was higher than that observed in other studies on Indian children.
ABSTRACT
From the time of its introduction in the 1040s, glucocorticoids have provided a panacea for many diseases. The therapeutic benefit of corticosteroids lies in their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties which makes them highly effective in the management of oral mucosal lesions. This article aims to present to the clinician, the plethora of options available as steroid therapy and enables one to choose based on the underlying disease and the properties of the drug.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To report two interesting and rare cases of ovarian pregnancies, after IVF-embryo transfer, and their successful laparoscopic management. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Fertility Research Centre, G G Hospital, Chennai, India. PATIENT(S): Two patients with primary infertility. INTERVENTION(S): Detection of ovarian pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Early detection and successful laparoscopic management. RESULT(S): Pregnancy outcome following IVF-ET, early detection of ovarian ectopic pregnancy and successful laparoscopic management. CONCLUSION(S): The women who conceive after IVF-embryo transfer are at a significantly higher risk of ectopic pregnancy. Although ovarian ectopic pregnancy is a rare event, the clinician should always keep the possibility in mind as the condition can be easily missed.
