Gender difference of association between plasma N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and metabolic syndrome.

PURPOSE: The natriuretic peptides (NPs) system, and mainly atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plays a key role in human metabolism and cardiometabolic disorders. Due to differences in NP levels and in prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) between men and women, we aimed to explore the gender difference of association between N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) and MetS in a general population in China. METHODS: Participants' weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma NT-proANP, and other traditional biomarkers were measured. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between plasma NT-proANP and MetS, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for men and women, respectively. RESULTS: Among 2203 participants, 1361 (61.78%) were women, 687(30.77%) participants had MetS, and the average age was 53 years. Women had a higher level of NT-proANP than men. However, adjusted logistic regression demonstrated that men in the upper quartile group of NT-proANP had 0.60 (95% CI 0.39-0.92) times the risk of having MetS, while women in the upper quartile group had 1.10 (95% CI 0.77-1.56) times the risk of having MetS compared to the lower quartile group. Furthermore, with the increase of the level of NT-proANP, the ORs showed a declining trend in men (P = 0.017), but it was not statistically significant among women (P = 0.700). CONCLUSIONS: There are gender differences in the relationship between NT-proANP and MetS, while an inverse association between plasma NT-proANP and MetS in men suggests that higher levels of NT-proANP may be a protective factor for MetS.

Associations of systolic blood pressure trajectories during pregnancy and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.

This study aimed to explore the association of systolic blood pressure (SBP) trajectories of pregnant women with the risk of adverse outcomes of pregnant women and their fetuses. A register-based cohort of 63,724 pregnant women and their fetuses from January 2013 to December 2017 was investigated. Demographic characteristics, history of disease and family history of disease for pregnant women and perinatal outcomes were recorded, and blood pressure was measured during the whole pregnancy. SBP trajectories were estimated with latent mixture modeling by Proc Traj in SAS using SBP data from the first antenatal care appointment (8-14 weeks), the highest SBP before admission, the admission SBP and the SBP at 2 h postpartum. A censored normal model (CNORM) was considered appropriate, and model fit was assessed using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). A logistic regression model was used to examine the association between SBP trajectories and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Four distinct SBP trajectory patterns over the pregnancy period were identified and were labeled as low-stable, moderate-stable, high-decreasing and moderate-increasing. Three maternal and three fetal adverse outcomes were selected as the main outcome measures. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with pregnant women with the low-stable pattern, those with the high-decreasing pattern had a higher risk of developing poor growth outcomes of fetuses, while those with the moderate-increasing pattern had higher risks of developing both adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Our study results suggest that pregnant women should pay attention to the control of blood pressure throughout pregnancy.

[Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, serum calcium levels and hyperglycemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OH-D), parathyroid hormone(PTH) and calcium levels and hyperglycemia. METHODS: Based on the previously studies, 621 eligible subjects were selected in this research. Demographic data, lifestyle information, history of disease and medication were collected. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood glucose(FBG), 25-OH-D, PTH, calcium, phosphorus of all subjects were determined. RESULTS: Compared with participants with 25-OH-D<10.0 µg/L, those with 25-OH-D between 10.0 µg/L and 19.9 µg/L and ≥20.0 µg/L had lower FBG levels and prevalence of hyperglycemia(all P<0.001). The FBG levels and prevalence of hyperglycemia were not significantly different between individuals with PTH≥65.0 ng/L and PTH<65.0 ng/L. Individuals with calcium level≤2.03 mmol/L or ≥2.54 mmol/L had higher FBG levels than those with moderate calcium level(2.03-2.54 mmol/L), however, the prevalence of hyperglycemia increased with the elevation of the calcium level. The adjusted Logistic analysis showed the risks of hyperglycemia in participants with 25-OH-D between 10.0 µg/L and 19.9 µg/L, and ≥20.0 µg/L were 0.467 times(95%CI 0.311-0.703, P<0.001), 0.402 times(95%CI 0.205-0.790, P=0.008) as that in people with 25-OH-D<10.0 µg/L, respectively. The individuals with serum calcium≥2.54 mmol/L was 1.884 times(95%CI 1.272-2.791, ) as likely to have hyperglycemia as the median calcium level 2.03-2.54 mmol/L(P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency and the elevated serum calcium levels may increase the risk of hyperglycemia.