A unified classification system for HIV-1 5' long terminal repeats.

The HIV-1 provirus mainly consists of internal coding region flanked by 1 long terminal repeats (LTRs) at each terminus. The LTRs play important roles in HIV-1 reverse transcription, integration, and transcription. However, despite of the significant study advances of the internal coding regions of HIV-1 by using definite reference classification, there are no systematic and phylogenetic classifications for HIV-1 5' LTRs, which hinders our elaboration on 5' LTR and a better understanding of the viral origin, spread and therapy. Here, by analyzing all available resources of 5' LTR sequences in public databases following 4 recognized principles for the reference classification, 83 representatives and 14 consensus sequences were identified as representatives of 2 groups, 6 subtypes, 6 sub-subtypes, and 9 CRFs. To test the reliability of the supplemented classification system, the constructed references were applied to identify the 5' LTR assignment of the 22 clinical isolates in China. The results revealed that 16 out of 22 tested strains showed a consistent subtype classification with the previous LTR-independent classification system. However, 6 strains, for which recombination events within 5' LTR were demonstrated, unexpectedly showed a different subtype classification, leading a significant change of binding sites for important transcription factors including SP1, p53, and NF-κB. The binding change of these transcriptional factors would probably affect the transcriptional activity of 5' LTR. This study supplemented a unified classification system for HIV-1 5' LTRs, which will facilitate HIV-1 characterization and be helpful for both basic and clinical research fields.

Flagellimonas halotolerans sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the South China Sea.

Two Gram-stain-negative strains, designed SYSU M86414T and SYSU M84420, were isolated from marine sediment samples of the South China Sea (Sansha City, Hainan Province, PR China). These strains were aerobic and could grow at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 4-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), and in the presence of 0-10 % NaCl (w/v; optimum 3 %). The predominant respiratory menaquinone of strains SYSU M86414T and SYSU M84420 was MK-6. The primary cellular polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) in both strains were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content of strains SYSU M86414T and SYSU M84420 were both 42.10 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genes indicated that these novel strains belonged to the genus Flagellimonas and strain SYSU M86414T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Flagellimonas marinaquae JCM 11811T (98.83 %), followed by Flagellimonas aurea BC31-1-A7T (98.62 %), while strain SYSU M84420 had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to F. marinaquae JCM 11811T (98.76 %) and F. aurea BC31-1-A7T (98.55 %). Based on the results of polyphasic analyses, strains SYSU M86414T and SYSU M84420 should be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flagellimonas, for which the name Flagellimonas halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel isolate is SYSU M86414T (=GDMCC 1.3806T=KCTC 102040T).

HCA-DAN: hierarchical class-aware domain adaptive network for gastric tumor segmentation in 3D CT images.

BACKGROUND: Accurate segmentation of gastric tumors from CT scans provides useful image information for guiding the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. However, automated gastric tumor segmentation from 3D CT images faces several challenges. The large variation of anisotropic spatial resolution limits the ability of 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to learn features from different views. The background texture of gastric tumor is complex, and its size, shape and intensity distribution are highly variable, which makes it more difficult for deep learning methods to capture the boundary. In particular, while multi-center datasets increase sample size and representation ability, they suffer from inter-center heterogeneity. METHODS: In this study, we propose a new cross-center 3D tumor segmentation method named Hierarchical Class-Aware Domain Adaptive Network (HCA-DAN), which includes a new 3D neural network that efficiently bridges an Anisotropic neural network and a Transformer (AsTr) for extracting multi-scale context features from the CT images with anisotropic resolution, and a hierarchical class-aware domain alignment (HCADA) module for adaptively aligning multi-scale context features across two domains by integrating a class attention map with class-specific information. We evaluate the proposed method on an in-house CT image dataset collected from four medical centers and validate its segmentation performance in both in-center and cross-center test scenarios. RESULTS: Our baseline segmentation network (i.e., AsTr) achieves best results compared to other 3D segmentation models, with a mean dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 59.26%, 55.97%, 48.83% and 67.28% in four in-center test tasks, and with a DSC of 56.42%, 55.94%, 46.54% and 60.62% in four cross-center test tasks. In addition, the proposed cross-center segmentation network (i.e., HCA-DAN) obtains excellent results compared to other unsupervised domain adaptation methods, with a DSC of 58.36%, 56.72%, 49.25%, and 62.20% in four cross-center test tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms compared methods on this multi-center database and is promising for routine clinical workflows.

A spatial transcriptome map of the developing maize ear.

A comprehensive understanding of inflorescence development is crucial for crop genetic improvement, as inflorescence meristems give rise to reproductive organs and determine grain yield. However, dissecting inflorescence development at the cellular level has been challenging owing to a lack of specific marker genes to distinguish among cell types, particularly in different types of meristems that are vital for organ formation. In this study, we used spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq) to construct a precise spatial transcriptome map of the developing maize ear primordium, identifying 12 cell types, including 4 newly defined cell types found mainly in the inflorescence meristem. By extracting the meristem components for detailed clustering, we identified three subtypes of meristem and validated two MADS-box genes that were specifically expressed at the apex of determinate meristems and involved in stem cell determinacy. Furthermore, by integrating single-cell RNA transcriptomes, we identified a series of spatially specific networks and hub genes that may provide new insights into the formation of different tissues. In summary, this study provides a valuable resource for research on cereal inflorescence development, offering new clues for yield improvement.

The chromosome-level genomes of the herbal magnoliids Warburgia ugandensis and Saururus chinensis.

Warburgia ugandensis and Saururus chinensis are two of the most important medicinal plants in magnoliids and are widely utilized in traditional Kenya and Chinese medicine, respectively. The absence of higher-quality reference genomes has hindered research on the medicinal compound biosynthesis mechanisms of these plants. We report the chromosome-level genome assemblies of W. ugandensis and S. chinensis, and generated 1.13 Gb and 0.53 Gb genomes from 74 and 27 scaffolds, respectively, using BGI-DIPSEQ, Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing. The scaffold N50 lengths were 82.97 Mb and 48.53 Mb, and the assemblies were anchored to 14 and 11 chromosomes of W. ugandensis and S. chinensis, respectively. In total, 24,739 and 20,561 genes were annotated, and 98.5% and 98% of the BUSCO genes were fully represented, respectively. The chromosome-level genomes of W. ugandensis and S. chinensis will be valuable resources for understanding the genetics of these medicinal plants, studying the evolution of magnoliids and angiosperms and conserving plant genetic resources.

Light-Induced Conductance Potentiation and Depression in an All-Optically Controlled Memristor.

Optoelectronic memristors are new multifunctional devices with both electrically tunable and light-tunable synaptic plasticity, attracting great attention as key promising devices for optoelectronic neuromorphic computing systems. At present, the conductance modulation in most optoelectronic memristors is conducted in a hybrid photoelectric mode, suffering some problems such as heat generation and control complexity. Here, an optoelectronic memristor based on the p+-Si/n-ZnO heterojunction is proposed where the conductance can be reversibly modulated in an all-optically controlled mode. The electron detrapping/trapping mechanism at the p+-Si/n-ZnO interface barrier region is presented to explain the light-induced conductance potentiation/depression behavior. Furthermore, some synaptic functions, including excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC), and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), are successfully mimicked in the p+-Si/n-ZnO heterojunction memristor, instructing its application potential for optoelectronic neuromorphic computing.

Correction: Single molecule magnet features in luminescent lanthanide coordination polymers with heptacoordinate Dy/Yb(III) ions as nodes.

Correction for 'Single molecule magnet features in luminescent lanthanide coordination polymers with heptacoordinate Dy/Yb(III) ions as nodes' by Xiang-Tao Dong et al., Dalton Trans., 2023, 52, 12686-12694, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3DT02106H.

Signatures of Adaptation and Purifying Selection in Highland Populations of Dasiphora fruticosa.

High mountains harbor a considerable proportion of biodiversity, but we know little about how diverse plants adapt to the harsh environment. Here we finished a high-quality genome assembly for Dasiphora fruticosa, an ecologically important plant distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and lowland of the Northern Hemisphere, and resequenced 592 natural individuals to address how this horticulture plant adapts to highland. Demographic analysis revealed D. fruticosa underwent a bottleneck after Naynayxungla Glaciation. Selective sweep analysis of two pairs of lowland and highland populations identified 63 shared genes related to cell wall organization or biogenesis, cellular component organization, and dwarfism, suggesting parallel adaptation to highland habitats. Most importantly, we found that stronger purging of estimated genetic load due to inbreeding in highland populations apparently contributed to their adaptation to the highest mountain. Our results revealed how plants could tolerate the extreme plateau, which could provide potential insights for species conservation and crop breeding.

Construction of human 3D striato-nigral assembloids to recapitulate medium spiny neuronal projection defects in Huntington's disease.

The striato-nigral (Str-SN) circuit is composed of medium spiny neuronal projections that are mainly sent from the striatum to the midbrain substantial nigra (SN), which is essential for regulating motor behaviors. Dysfunction of the Str-SN circuitry may cause a series of motor disabilities that are associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease (HD). Although the etiology of HD is known as abnormally expanded CAG repeats of the huntingtin gene, treatment of HD remains tremendously challenging. One possible reason is the lack of effective HD model that resembles Str-SN circuitry deficits for pharmacological studies. Here, we first differentiated striatum-like organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), containing functional medium spiny neurons (MSNs). We then generated 3D Str-SN assembloids by assembling striatum-like organoids with midbrain SN-like organoids. With AAV-hSYN-GFP-mediated viral tracing, extensive MSN projections from the striatum to the SN are established, which formed synaptic connection with GABAergic neurons in SN organoids and showed the optically evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents and electronic field potentials by labeling the striatum-like organoids with optogenetic virus. Furthermore, these Str-SN assembloids exhibited enhanced calcium activity compared to that of individual striatal organoids. Importantly, we further demonstrated the reciprocal projection defects in HD iPSC-derived assembloids, which could be ameliorated by treatment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Taken together, these findings suggest that Str-SN assembloids could be used for identifying MSN projection defects and could be applied as potential drug test platforms for HD.

Genetic parameter estimation and molecular foundation of chicken beak shape.

The bird beak is mainly functioned as feeding and attacking, and its shape has extremely important significance for survival and reproduction. In chickens, since beak shape could lead to some disadvantages including pecking and waste of feed, it is important to understand the inheritance of chicken beak shape. In the present study, we firstly established 4 indicators to describe the chicken beak shapes, including upper beak length (UL), lower beak length (LL), distance between upper and lower beak tips (DB) and upper beak curvature (BC). And then, we measured the 4 beak shape indicators as well as some production traits including body weight (BW), shank length (SL), egg weight (EW), eggshell strength (ES) of a layer breed, Rhode Island Red (RIR), in order to estimate genetic parameters of chicken beak shape. The heritabilities of UL and LL were 0.41 and 0.37, and the heritabilities of DB and BC were 0.22 and 0.21, indicating that beak shape was a highly or mediumly heritable. There were significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlations among UL, LL, and DB. And UL was positively correlated with body weight (BW18) and shank length (SL18) at 18 weeks of age in genetics, and DB was positively correlated with BC in terms of genetics and phenotype. We also found that layers of chicken cages played a role on beak shape, which could be attributed to the difference of lightness in different cage layers. By a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the chicken UL, we identified 9 significant candidate genes associated with UL in RIR. For the variants with low minor allele frequencies (MAF <0.01) and outside of high linkage disequilibrium (LD) regions, we also conducted rare variant association studies (RVA) and GWAS to find the association between genotype and phenotype. We also analyzed transcriptomic data from multiple tissues of chicken embryos and revealed that all of the 9 genes were highly expressed in beak of chicken embryos, indicating their potential function for beak development. Our results provided the genetic foundation of chicken beak shape, which could help chicken breeding on beak related traits.

Single-Cell Transcriptome Landscape and Cell Fate Decoding in Human Brain Organoids after Transplantation.

Human stem cells and derivatives transplantation are widely used to treat nervous system diseases, while the fate determination of transplanted cells is not well elucidated. To explore cell fate changes of human brain organoids before and after transplantation, human brain organoids are transplanted into prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP), respectively. Single-cell sequencing is then performed. According to time-series sample comparison, transplanted cells mainly undergo neural development at 2 months post-transplantation (MPT) and then glial development at 4MPT, respectively. A different brain region sample comparison shows that organoids grafted to PFC have obtained cell fate close to those of host cells in PFC, other than HIP, which may be regulated by the abundant expression of dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (Ach) in PFC. Meanwhile, morphological complexity of human astrocyte grafts is greater in PFC than in HIP. DA and Ach both activate the calcium activity and increase morphological complexity of astrocytes in vitro. This study demonstrates that human brain organoids receive host niche factor regulation after transplantation, resulting in the alignment of grafted cell fate with implanted brain regions, which may contribute to a better understanding of cell transplantation and regenerative medicine.

Dexmedetomidine attenuates ferroptosis by Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in LPS-induced acute kidney injury.

Previous research has demonstrated that Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2 adrenergic agonist commonly used for its sedative and analgesic properties, can attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). This study explores the possibility that DEX's protective effects in LPS-induced AKI are mediated through the inhibition of ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, and the activation of the antioxidant response through the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. We induced AKI in 42 mice using LPS and divided them into six groups: saline control, LPS, LPS + DEX, LPS + Ferrostatin-1 (LPS + Fer-1; a ferroptosis inhibitor), LPS + DEX with α2-receptor antagonist Altipamizole (LPS + DEX + ATI), and LPS + DEX with Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 (LPS + DEX + ML385). After 24 h, we analyzed blood and kidney tissues. LPS exposure resulted in AKI, with increased serum creatinine, BUN, and cystatin C, and tubular damage, which DEX and Fer-1 ameliorated. However, Altipamizole and ML385 negated these improvements. The LPS group exhibited elevated oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial damage, reduced by DEX and Fer-1, but not when α2-adrenergic or Nrf2 pathways were blocked. Nrf2 and HO-1 expression declined in the LPS group, rebounded with LPS + DEX and LPS + Fer-1, and fell again with inhibitors; inversely, Keap1 expression varied. Our results demonstrate that DEX may protect against LPS-induced AKI, at least partially by regulating ferroptosis and the α2-adrenergic receptor/Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for DEX in AKI management by modulating cell death and antioxidant defenses.

Study on the Influence of Supercritical CO2 with High Temperature and Pressure on Pore-Throat Structure and Minerals of Shale.

Injection of carbon dioxide offers substantial social and economic advantages for reduction of carbon emission reduction. Utilizing CO2 in shale formations can significantly enhance the extraction of shale oil or gas. Conducting fundamental research on how CO2 affects shale rock's physical properties is crucial for enhancing its porosity and permeability. Particularly for deep shale layers, the effects of supercritical CO2 on shale physical properties should be investigated at a high temperature and pressure, differing from the standard conditions applied in shallower layers. A study examined the impact of supercritical CO2 under such conditions on the pore-throat structure and mineral composition of the shale. The experimental parameters included immersing shale rock in supercritical CO2 at pressures ranging from 10 to 70 MPa and temperatures between 55 and 95 °C. This study evaluated changes in mineral composition, pore-throat structure (using scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption tests), and the porosity and permeability of the shale rocks. Findings indicated that the dissolution of CO2 altered the relative content of certain minerals. The average quartz content rose and, potassium feldspar and the average contents of plagioclase declined conversely. When increasing the pressure, an increase in the relative content of I/S mixed layer and a decrease in illite content were observed and kaolinite content experienced minor changes. When increasing the temperature, kaolinite, I/S mixed layer, and chlorite all exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing temperature, while the relative contents of illite increased. Some of the pores become rounded in a high-magnification view under the impact of CO2 dissolution. Additionally, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area, pore volume, porosity, and permeability generally improved with increasing pressure and temperature. With the temperature and pressure of CO2 increased, the curves of nitrogen absorption had moved first upward and then downward. However, under specific CO2 conditions, the permeability enhancement effect could diminish or even negatively impact the shale's permeability. These findings underscore the need to optimize supercritical CO2 injection parameters under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. This research aims to provide theoretical guidance for the efficient use of CO2 in deep shale applications to increase the shale gas output.

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies important modules and hub genes involved in the regulation of breast muscle yield in broilers.

Objective: Increasing breast meat production is one of the primary goals of the broiler industry. Over the past few decades, tremendous progress has been made in genetic selection and the identification of candidate genes for improving the breast muscle mass. However, the molecular network contributing to muscle production traits in chickens still needs to be further illuminated. Methods: A total of 150 1-day-old male 817 broilers were reared in a floor litter system. At the market age of 50 d, eighteen healthy 817 broilers were slaughtered and the left pectoralis major muscle sample from each bird was collected for RNA-seq sequencing. The birds were then plucked and eviscerated and the whole breast muscle was removed and weighed. Breast muscle yield was calculated as the ratio of the breast muscle weight to the eviscerated weight. To identify the co-expression networks and hub genes contributing to breast muscle yield in chickens, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on the 18 transcriptome datasets of pectoralis major muscle from eighteen 817 broilers. Results: The WGCNA analysis classified all co-expressed genes in the pectoral muscle of 817 broilers into 44 modules. Among these modules, the turquoise and skyblue3 modules were found to be most significantly positively (r=0.78, p=1e-04) and negatively (r=-0.57, p=0.01) associated with breast meat yield, respectively. Further analysis identified several hub genes (e.g., DLX3, SH3RF2, TPM1, CAV3, MYF6, and CFL2) that involved in muscle structure and muscle development were identified as potential regulators of breast meat production. Conclusion: The present study has advanced our understanding of the molecular regulatory networks contributing to muscle growth and breast muscle production and will contribute to the molecular breeding of chickens in the future.

Investigation on the substrate specificity and N-substitution tolerance of PseF in catalytic transformation of pseudaminic acids to CMP-Pse derivatives.

Pseudaminic acid (Pse) belongs to a class of bacterial non-2-ulosonic acids, and has been implicated in bacterial infection and immune evasion. Various Pse structures with diverse N-substitutions have been identified in pathogenic bacterial strains like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Campylobacter jejuni, and Acinetobacter baumannii. In this study, we successfully synthesized three new Pse species, including Pse5Ac7Fo, Pse5Ac7(3RHb) and Pse7Fo5(3RHb) using chemical methods. Furthermore, we investigated the substrate specificity of cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP)-Pse synthetase (PseF), resulting in the production of N-modified CMP-Pse derivatives (CMP-Pses). It was found that PseF was promiscuous with the Pse substrate and could tolerate different modifications at the two nitrogen atoms. This study provides valuable insights into the incorporation of variable N-substitutions in the Pse biosynthetic pathway.

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (SNAr) as an Approach to Challenging Nitrogen-Bridged BODIPY Oligomers.

A series of nitrogen-bridged BODIPY oligomers were synthesized via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) as a convenient approach. Further transformations achieved novel α,α-aryl BODIPY dimers as well as a BODIPY hexamer efficiently. These BODIPY oligomers showed good photophysical properties, such as apparent absorption and emission both in visible and near-infrared regions. Interestingly, the high air and photothermal stability, strong NIR absorption, and high photothermal conversion rates of hexamer B6 suggest potential applications in photothermal therapy.

LettuceDB: an integrated multi-omics database for cultivated lettuce.

Crop genomics has advanced rapidly during the past decade, which generated a great abundance of omics data from multi-omics studies. How to utilize the accumulating data becomes a critical and urgent demand in crop science. As an attempt to integrate multi-omics data, we developed a database, LettuceDB (https://db.cngb.org/lettuce/), aiming to assemble multidimensional data for cultivated and wild lettuce germplasm. The database includes genome, variome, phenome, microbiome and spatial transcriptome. By integrating user-friendly bioinformatics tools, LettuceDB will serve as a one-stop platform for lettuce research and breeding in the future. Database URL: https://db.cngb.org/lettuce/.

KpsS1 Mediates the Glycosylation of Pseudaminic Acid in Acinetobacter Baumannii.

Pseudaminic acid (Pse) is found in the polysaccharide structures of the cell surface of various Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii and considered as an important component of cell surface glycans including oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. However, the glycosyltransferase that is responsible for the Pse glycosylation in A. baumannii remains unknown yet. In this study, through comparative genomics analysis of Pse-positive and negative A. baumannii clinical isolates, we identified a potential glycosyltransferase, KpsS1, located right downstream of the Pse biosynthesis genetic locus. Deletion of this gene in an Pse-positive A. baumannii strain, Ab8, impaired the glycosylation of Pse to the surface CPS and proteins, while the gene knockout strain, Ab8ΔkpsS1, could still produce Pse with 2.86 folds higher amount than that of Ab8. Furthermore, impairment of Pse glycosylation affected the morphology and virulence potential of A. baumannii, suggesting the important role of this protein. This study will provide insights into the further understanding of Pse in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis.

Development of a Real-Time Recombinase-Aided Amplification Method for the Rapid Detection of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi.

Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) is the causative pathogen of strangles in horses, donkeys, and other equine animals. Strangles has spread globally and causes significant losses to the horse industry. In response to the urgent need for effective disease control, this study introduces a novel nucleic acid diagnostic method known as a real-time recombinase-assisted amplification (RAA) assay, developed based on the eqbE gene, for the rapid detection of S. equi nucleic acid. The real-time RAA method employs specifically designed probes and primers targeting the eqbE gene, enhancing the overall specificity and sensitivity of the detection. After efficiency optimization, this real-time RAA method can detect 10 or more copies of nucleic acid within 20 min. The method demonstrates high specificity for S. equi and does not cross-react with other clinically relevant pathogens. Real-time RAA diagnostic performance was evaluated using 98 nasal swab samples collected from horses and compared with the real-time PCR detection method. Results revealed that 64 and 65 samples tested positive for S. equi using real-time RAA and real-time PCR, respectively. The overall agreement between the two assays was 96.94% (95/98), with a kappa value of 0.931 (p < 0.001). Further linear regression analysis indicated a significant correlation in the detection results between the two methods (R2 = 0.9012, p < 0.0001), suggesting that the real-time RAA assay exhibits a detection performance comparable to that of real-time PCR. In conclusion, the real-time RAA assay developed here serves as a highly specific and reliable diagnostic tool for the detection of S. equi in equine samples, offering a potential alternative to real-time PCR methods. In conclusion, the real-time RAA nucleic acid diagnostic method, based on the eqbE gene, offers rapid and accurate diagnosis of S. equi, with the added advantage of minimal equipment requirements, thus contributing to the efficient detection of strangles in horses.

Dual-energy CT Portal Venography: Clinical Application Values and Future Opportunities.

Standard multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) uses a single X-ray tube to emit a mixed energy X-ray beam, which is received by a single detector. The difference is that dual-energy CT (DECT), a new equipment in recent years, employs a single X-ray tube or two X-ray tubes to emit two single-energy X-ray beams, which are received by a single or two detectors. The application of dual-energy technology to portal venography has become one of the research hotspots. This paper will elaborate on the clinical application values of DECT portal venography in improving portal vein image quality, distinguishing the nature of portal vein thrombus, reducing contrast agent dose and radiation dose, and will discuss the possibility of its movement from research to routine practice and future development opportunities.