[Survey on the application of external cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Chinese children with sudden cardiac arrest].

Objectives: To investigate the current application status and implementation difficulties of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in children with sudden cardiac arrest. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 35 hospitals. A Children's ECPR Information Questionnaire on the implementation status of ECPR technology (abbreviated as the questionnaire) was designed, to collect the data of 385 children treated with ECPR in the 35 hospitals. The survey extracted the information about development of ECPR, the maintenance of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) machine, the indication of ECPR, and the difficulties of implementation in China. These ECPR patients were grouped based on their age, the hospital location and level, to compare the survival rates after weaning and discharge. The statistical analysis used Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance for the comparison between the groups, LSD method for post hoc testing, and Bonferroni method for pairwise comparison. Results: Of the 385 ECPR cases, 224 were males and 161 females. There were 185 (48.1%) survival cases after weaning and 157 (40.8%) after discharge. There were 324 children (84.2%) receiving ECPR for cardiac disease and 27 children (7.0%) for respiratory failure. The primary cause of death in ECPR patients was circulatory failure (82 cases, 35.9%), followed by brain failure (80 cases, 35.0%). The most common place of ECPR was intensive care unit (ICU) (278 cases, 72.2%); ECPR catheters were mostly inserted through incision (327 cases, 84.9%). There were 32 hospitals (91.4%) had established ECMO emergency teams, holding 125 ECMO machines in total. ECMO machines mainly located in ICU (89 pieces, 71.2%), and the majority of hospitals (32 units, 91.4%) did not have pre-charged loops. There were no statistically significant differences in the post-withdrawal and post-discharge survival rates of ECPR patients among different age groups, regions, and hospitals (all P>0.05). The top 5 difficulties in implementing ECPR in non-ICU environments were lack of ECMO machines (16 times), difficulty in placing CPR pipes (15 times), long time intervals between CPR and ECMO transfer (13 times), lack of conventional backup ECMO loops (10 times), and inability of ECMO emergency teams to quickly arrive at the site (5 times). Conclusion: ECPR has been gradually developed in the field of pediatric critical care in China, and needs to be further standardized. ECPR in non-ICU environment remains a challenge.

[Clinical factors affecting the prognosis of lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical factors that influence local recurrence and survival in patients with lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma (LGSCC) and determine whether bone invasion is an independent prognostic factor for them. METHODS: A total of 104 patients with LGSCC hospitalized in Peking University Stomatology Hospital from June 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled in this retrospective study.All the patients were followed-up for more than 3 years.The degree of bone invasion was assessed using preoperative imaging data (CT and panoramic radiograph).The degree of bone invasion was divi-ded into four categories: no bone invasion, invasion of cortical bone, invasion of bone marrow cavity, and invasion of the mandibular canal.According to the central position of tumor, it was divided into two types: anterior mandibular invasion (anterior region of the mental foramen) and posterior mandibular invasion (posterior region of the mental foramen). RESULTS: of different invasion depth groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test.P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method was used to draw survival curve, and COX regression was used to explore the risk ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of prognostic factors of LGSCC. RESULTS: The follow-up results showed that the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of LGSCC in this group were 91%, 84%, 82%, respectively.32.7%(34/104) of patients had cervical lymph node metastasis.The cervical lymph node metastasis rate of the anterior segment of the mandible was 12.5%(2/16), and 36.4%(32/88) for the posterior segment of the mandible (P < 0.05).Univariate and multivariate COX analysis showed that the N stage and local recurrence were the prognostic factors of LGSCC patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: As the degree of mandibular invasion increases, the prognosis of patients with mandibular gum cancer becomes worse.N stage and local recurrence are prognostic risk factors for LGSCC.The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis for LGSCC is related to the primary tumor location.It is concluded that tumors located at the posterior of the mandible might be more prone to cervical lymph node metastasis than the anterior of the mandible.Thus various levels of cervical lymph node dissection strategies should be adopted for different sites of LGSCC.

Efficiency evaluation of common forensic genetic markers for parentage identification involving close relatives.

To explore the efficacy of commonly used forensic identification panels in complex paternity testing of trios that involved close relatives, we wrote a code by R to generate 10,000 pedigrees at 20 CODIS STR, 21 non-CODIS STR and 30 InDel loci in Chinese five ethnic groups based on their allele frequencies. Parentage identification index--cumulative paternity index (CPI) value was set as output and was further analyzed to evaluate the performance of the aforementioned panels in complex paternity testing when the alleged parent is a random individual, biological parent, grandparent, sibling of biological parent, half-sibling of biological parent, etc. The results showed that the false inclusion of parent sibling posed as parent demonstrated no statistically significant difference from that of grandparent posed as parent. The scenarios where both biological parent and alleged parent were consanguineous to the other parent were also simulated. The results revealed that the complexity of paternity testing would raise when biological parents were consanguineous and the alleged parent was a close relative of theirs. Despite the values of non-conformity number could vary in different genetic relationships, populations and panels, 20 CODIS STRs and 21 non-CODIS STRs performed satisfactorily in most simulated scenarios. However, the joint use of 20 CODIS STRs and 21 non-CODIS STRs is more recommendable when resolving the paternity testing of the incest mating case. Overall, the current study could be regarded as a worthwhile reference in complex paternity testing of trios that involved close relatives.

[Analysis of pathological characteristics of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and discussion of clinical treatment strategies based on the pathological analysis results].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the pathological characteristics of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) specimens after jaw curettage or jaw osteotomy treatment and to comprehensively analyze the relationship between the different pathological features, treatment methods, and treatment effects to provide new ideas for effective treatment of MRONJ in clinical work. METHODS: The clinical and pathological data were collected from 23 patients with MRONJ who were treated with curettage (18 patients) and jaw osteotomy (5 patients) at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Peking University Hospital of Stomatology between June 2014 and December 2015. The pathological characteristics of MRONJ were summarized and analyzed with treatment effects based on various surgical treatment methods. The diagnostic criteria and disease staging of MRONJ were determined according to the 2014 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon's Position Paper. RESULTS: In this study, 5 patients have treated with jaw segmental osteotomy, and all of them were in stage Ⅲ; the other 18 patients were treated with jaw curettage, including 5 patients in stage Ⅱ and 13 patients in stage Ⅲ. The pathological features of MRONJ in five cases of jaw segmental osteotomy were divided into three adjacent regions from shallow to deep: inflammation region (IR), sclerosis region (SR), and bone remodeling layer (BRL). Moreover, three types of pathological features of specimens from traditional curettage were defined as type 1 (IR), type 2 (IR + SR), and type 3 (IR + SR + BRL). The pathological features of the patients treated with jaw curettage were: type Ⅰ, 38.9% (7/18); type Ⅱ, 44.4% (8/18); type Ⅲ, 16.7% (3/18). Complete healing was achieved in 5 patients treated with jaw segmental osteo-tomy. Moreover, 2 cases with type Ⅰ, 1 case with type Ⅱ, and 1 with type Ⅲ completely healed after jaw curettage, while 5 cases with type Ⅰ, 7 cases with type Ⅱ, and 2 cases with type Ⅲ experienced recurrence after surgery. CONCLUSION: Pathological features of continuous regions of inflammation, sclerosis, and bone remodeling layer were identified from shallow to deep, based on the microscopic observation of jaw segmental osteotomy samples. Insufficient removal of the sclerotic region during jaw curettage that blocks the required blood, nutritional factors, and mesenchymal stem cells seems to be a common cause for failed treatment of MRONJ after curettage surgery.

[Application of iodine staining technique for tumor identification in Micro-CT of mouse model with skull base-infratemporal fossa tumor].

OBJECTIVE: To establish an animal model with malignant tumor in the skull base-infratemporal region, and to explore the role of iodine staining technique in identifying tumor tissues with Micro-CT data. METHODS: Sedation anesthesia was carried out on 12 BABL/c nude mice using inhaled isoflurane, and then WSU-HN6 cells that cultured and immortalized from human tongue squamous cell carcinoma were injected into the right infratemporal fossa via the submandibular area. The procedure was carried out under ultrasonographic guidance. The nude mice were sacrificed after 3 weeks observation. The head specimens were fixed and scanned by Micro-CT, and repeated scans were performed after staining with 3.75% compound iodine solution. Following decalcification in 20% EDTA for 2-4 weeks, the head specimens were embedded and sectioned. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Pan-Keratin immunohistochemical staining were carried out. Bright-field microscopy and stereomicroscopy were used to visualize. The Micro-CT data were analyzed using iPlan software (Brainlab). RESULTS: Non-traumatic ultrasonography was used to guide HN-6 cells injection and confirm skull-base tumor formation in all the animals. Ultrasonographic guidance reduced the risk of cervical vessel injury when transferring tumor cells into the skull base space. An obvious asymmetrical appearance was detected via ultrasonography 3 weeks after tumor cell injection. The Micro-CT analysis showed that the bone was obviously damaged on the right side of the skull base, but the soft tissue image was unrecognizable. After four days staining with compound iodine solution, the morphology of the tumor and surrounding soft tissue could be clearly identified. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed the tumor formation of the right infratemporal fossa region accompanied by bone destruction. Human keratin immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor tissue originated from human squamous cell carcinoma, and the polynuclear osteoclasts could be seen at the margin of the skull base bone resorption. CONCLUSION: The animal model with malignant tumor in the skull base-infratemporal region could be successfully established via submandibular injection under ultrasound-guidance. Bone changes of the skull were easily observed on Micro-CT, but the tumor counter was not able to be distinguished from surrounding soft tissue. The 3.75% compound iodine staining of the head specimen could help discern the tumor and surrounding soft tissue in more details.

[Evaluation of the preliminary clinical effect of flap-raising combined with cortical-perforation technique in tooth extraction cases of patients with potential risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw].

Objective: To evaluate the preliminary clinical effect of flap-raising and cortical-perforation based extraction method in patients with potential risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Methods: Eighteen patients, who needed teeth extraction in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from February 2016 to November 2020, with a history of using anti-resorption/anti-angiogenesis medication were included in this retrospective study. According to the characteristics of the patient's medication history, patients were stratified into three categories, low-dose anti-resorption drug group, high-dose anti-resorption drug group, and high-dose anti-resorption combined with anti-angiogenesis targeted drug group. There were 15 females and 3 males, the average age was 62.4 years (range from 27 to 87 years) old. A total of 31 teeth were indicated for extraction due to chronic infection. The flap-raising and cortical-perforation techniques were used to extract the affected teeth, and the patients were followed up closely. By observing the healing status and swelling degree of the mucosa of tooth extraction sites, whether there was a fistula, pus and bone exposure of jaw bone,the healing of the tooth extraction sites were evaluated. Results: Among the 18 patients, there were 9 cases of osteoporosis and 9 cases of malignant tumors. Classified by medication-using history, 10 cases were treated with low-dose anti-resorption drugs, 5 cases were high-dose anti-resorption drugs, and 3 cases were high-dose anti-resorption drugs combined with anti-angiogenesis drugs. A total of 31 teeth of the patients were extracted by flap-raising and cortical-perforation based extraction method. Thirteen patients completed treatment underwent local anesthesia and five cases were performed under general anesthesia. The shortest follow-up period was 3 months with an average of 13.2 months. Seventeen patients recovered well after the tooth extraction. One patient had the mandible exposed at one extraction site one month after the surgery, resulting in MRONJ. Conclusions: In patients with potential risks of MRONJ, the application of flap-raising and cortical-perforation based teeth extraction method could safely and effectively alleviate the dental inflammation in the oral cavity.

Circular RNA circSOX4 promotes the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by down regulating microRNA-432 expression.

OBJECTIVE: As the research of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in human malignant tumors has been increasing, multiple circRNAs have been discovered to be engaged in the modulation of the liver cancer cell functions. This study aims at exploring how circSOX4 affects the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: CircSOX4 levels in HCC tissue samples were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, and the relationship between circSOX4 expression and HCC patients' prognosis was analyzed. CircSOX4 expression was knocked down by transfection of small interfering RNA. The effects of circSOX4 on cell functions including proliferation, invasiveness and migration ability were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell, cell wound healing test and flow cytometry experiments, respectively. The target RNA of circSOX4 was predicted through searching bioinformatics website, and the binding between the two was verified through Luciferase assay. RESULTS: CircSOX4 was abnormally highly expressed either in HCC tissues or in cell lines, which was positively correlated with the poor prognosis of HCC patients. Transfection of small interfering RNA against circSOX4 in HCC cells resulted in inhibited migration and proliferation of HCC cells, while an increase in cell apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that microRNA-432 contained the binding site pairing to circSOX4 3'UTR, and their binding relationship was confirmed by Luciferase assay. Their expression levels were negatively correlated. In addition, downregulation of microRNA-432 can partially reverse the effect of silenced circSOX4 on regulating apoptosis, proliferation and migration of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS: CircSOX4, highly expressed in HCC, indicates a poor prognosis. CircSOX4 may mediate the progression of HCC by binding to microRNA-432.

Surgical resection of clinically benign tumours in the maxillomandibular deep lobe of the parotid gland via sternocleidomastoid muscle-parotid space approach.

This article reports the surgical resection of clinically benign tumours in the maxillomandibular deep lobe of the parotid gland via sternocleidomastoid muscle-parotid space (SPS) approach. The use of maxillary-mandibular planes to subdivide the deep lobe of the parotid gland in order to establish the tumour location and accessibility is introduced. This approach, which does not raise a skin flap, may preserve the superficial lobe. Ten patients with clinically benign tumours in the maxillomandibular deep lobe of the parotid gland were treated via the SPS approach. The patients were followed up for 3-5 years and the surgical outcomes were analysed. All tumours were completely enucleated via the SPS approach with an optimal aesthetic outcome. No permanent facial weakness or tumour recurrence was identified during the 3-5 years of follow-up. The SPS approach to surgical resection is an ideal option for clinically benign tumours in the maxillomandibular deep lobe of the parotid gland and demonstrates good results.

Navigation-guided core needle biopsy for skull base and parapharyngeal lesions: a five-year experience.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of navigation-guided core needle biopsy for skull base and parapharyngeal lesions. Twenty patients with skull base and parapharyngeal lesions were included in this study. The preoperative design and intraoperative real-time image guiding was done using an optical navigation system. A spring-loaded semi-automatic biopsy gun and biopsy needle were used for specimen harvesting. Accuracy was established on the basis of the postoperative pathology. All patients underwent needle biopsy successfully without any immediate or delayed complications. The subzygomatic approach was adopted in all cases. The number of passes ranged from three to five. The diagnostic accuracy was 90% (18/20). Navigation-guided core needle biopsy offers an easy approach for the diagnosis of skull base and parapharyngeal lesions, with a high yield of specimens and good patient tolerance.

Effect of short-term nutritional supplementation on hormone concentrations in ovarian follicular fluid and steroid regulating gene mRNA abundances in granulosa cells of ewes.

This study was conducted to investigate effects of short-term nutritional supplementation on concentrations of reproductive hormones in follicular fluid and on mRNA abundance in granulosa cells (GCs) during the luteal phase of ewes. Eighteen ewes were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups (n = 9, each group). All the ewes were subjected to estrous synchronization using a Controlled Intravaginal Releasing Device (CIDR). From the second to the eleventh day of estrous synchronization, ewes were fed a diet with a relatively greater (treatment group) or a maintenance (control group) energy content. Samples of follicular fluid and GCs were collected from antral follicles of estrous ewes after CIDR removal. The results indicate mean FSH concentration of fluid in small follicles and mean LH concentrations of fluid in large follicles of the ewes in the treatment group were greater (P < 0.05) than that of ewes in the control group. Follicular fluid E2 concentrations were directly related (P < 0.05) to follicular diameter. The ewes of the treatment group had greater (P < 0.05), compared with the control group, abundances of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) in small and medium follicles, and (P<0.05) Luteinizing Hormone Receptor (LHR), Steroid Acute Regulatory Protein (STAR), cytochrome P450 (CYP17A1, CYP19A1) enzyme and Estrogen Receptor (ESR1) in large follicles. The results of this study provide evidence for a potential mechanism by which short-term nutritional supplementation improves follicular development possibly because of increased expression of steroid synthesis-regulating genes in large follicles.

InAs/GaAs quantum dot semiconductor saturable absorber for controllable dual-wavelength passively Q-switched fiber laser.

We experimentally demonstrate the first use of 1550-nm InAs/GaAs quantum dot semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (QD-SESAM) in the dual-wavelength passively Q-switched (QS) erbium doped fiber (EDF) laser. The dual-wavelength QS lasing was obtained at a pump threshold of 180 mW with the average output power of 2.2 mW and the spacing between the two lasing wavelengths is 14 nm. A large absorption ranging from 1520 to 1590 nm has been realized when no substrate rotation was employed during the molecular beam epitaxy growth of the QD-SESAM indicating the potential to generate a 60 nm spacing of the dual-wavelength QS lasing peaks by changing the positions in the QD-SESAM and replacing EDF by co-doped fiber as gain medium. These results have provided a new opportunity towards achieving the stable and wide wavelength-tunable dual-modes fiber lasers.

[Graft virus infection following corneal transplantation].

Graft rejection and endothelial cell loss were believed to be the main reasons for graft edema following keratoplasty. With the application of various molecular biological detection methods in ophthalmology, virus infection has emerged and become an important contributing factor for graft failure. This review focused on the etiology, clinical manifestation and diagnosis methods for virus infection following keratoplasty, and discussed possible prevention and treatment.(Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55: 713-716).

MiR-137-5p alleviates inflammation by upregulating IL-10R1 expression in rats with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the potential functions of miR-137-5p and interleukin-10R1 (IL-10R1) in mediating the immune inflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Firstly, primary microglia were isolated from the spinal cord of newborn rats. Expression levels of miR-137-5p and IL-10R1 in LPS-induced microglia were determined by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, mRNA expressions of Janus kinase (Jak1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were also examined by qRT-PCR. SCI model in rats was established and randomly assigned to three different groups: Sham group, SCI group and miR-137-5p mimic group. Within one week of spinal injury, relative levels of miR-137-5p and IL-10R1 in rats of different groups were detected by qRT-PCR. The mRNA levels of JAK1, tyrosine kinase (Tyk2) and STAT3 in rats were also measured. Moreover, protein expression of IL-1ß, TNF-α and IL-6 in rats was measured by Western blotting. Finally, the improvement of locomotor function in three groups of rats within 4 weeks via BBB rating scale. RESULTS: Transfection of miR-137-5p mimics upregulated relative levels of IL-10R1, JAK1 and STAT3 in in vitro cultured microglia. Similarly, IL-10R1/JAK1/STAT3 pathway was activated in rats administrated with miR-137-5p mimics. Nevertheless, relative levels of classical inflammatory stimulators IL-1ß, TNF-α and IL-6 were downregulated accordingly by miR-137-5p overexpression. Moreover, miR-137-5p effectively improved the locomotor function of rats after SCI. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-137-5p exerts an anti-inflammatory response by upregulating IL-10R1, thus improving locomotor function and alleviating spinal cord injury.

Effects of MiR-146a on repair and inflammation in rats with spinal cord injury through the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effects of micro ribonucleic acid-34a (miR-34a) on repair and inflammation of rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) through the toll-like receptor (TLR)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 12 healthy rats (control group (CG)) and 24 SCI rats (experimental group (EG-1)) were selected as subjects. A total of 12 experimental rats randomly selected from EG-1 were injected with 5 µL agomiR-146 as EG-2 group. Serum levels of miR-146a, TLR, NF-κB, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-6 of rats in CG and EG-1 were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the protein levels of miR-146a, TLR, NF-κB, IL-8 and IL-6 in rats of CG and EG were detected via Western blotting. Spinal cord tissue sections of SCI rats after treatment with agomiR-146 were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) staining. RESULTS: The mRNA level of miR-146a in SCI rats was significantly lower than that in healthy rats, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of TLR, NF-κB, IL-8 and IL-6 in SCI rats were markedly higher than those in healthy rats, showing significant differences (p < 0.05). However, the relative mRNA level of miR-146a in EG-2 group was significantly higher than that in EG-1 group, with a significant difference (p < 0.05). Relative level of miR-146a was not significantly different between EG-2 group and CG group (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of TLR, NF-κB, IL-8 and IL-6 in EG-2 group were evidently lower than those in EG-1 group, displaying significant differences (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MiR-146a can promote the repair of SCI and reduce inflammatory responses in rats through the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway.

[Multimodal image fusion technology for diagnosis and treatment of the skull base-infratemporal tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of incorporated multimodal image fusion technology with computer-aided design of the skull base-infratemporal tumor treatment. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out to enroll seventeen patients with skull base-infratemporal tumors treated at Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from February 2011 to September 2018. Plain CT, enhanced CT and MRI data were imported into the iPlan 3.0 software (BrainLab navigation system), and the image fusion was performed for each patient preoperatively. Then the three-dimensional images of the tumor, vital vessels and craniofacial bones were reconstructed to prepare virtual operation design. We evaluated the application of multimodal image fusion technology that had been incorporated with computer-aided planning during the navigation-guided biopsy or surgery, through the analysis of the biopsy and operation data and regular follow-up postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean age of 17 patients (7 males and 10 females) was 46 years. Primary tumors occurred in 11 cases, and recurrent tumors in 6 cases. The size of the 17 tumors ranged from 2.9 cm to 9 cm, and the mean size was 4.35 cm. There were 7 cases with skull base bone destruction and/or intracranial extension, and 10 cases with tumors adjacent to the skull base. High-quality multimodal fused images were obtained in all the 17 cases. The spatial-position relationships of the tumors, adjacent craniomaxillofacial bones and vital vessels labeled with different colors were displayed well on the generated fusion images. The multimodal image fusion technology that incorporated with computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction and then applied in navigation-guided biopsy or surgery showed that, preoperative analysis and virtual operation design functioned with good results, especially in cases with small tumor size, recurrence or illdefined borders in the skull base-infratemporal region. Operation was carried out in 16 cases after preoperative diagnosis and assessment, and 1 case was performed by navigation-guided biopsy only. The proportions of navigation-guided surgery and biopsy were 70.6% (12/17) and 17.6% (3/17) individually. The positive rate of pathologic diagnosis using navigation-guided biopsy was 100% (3/3). All the navigation-guided biopsies or operations were carried out successfully. Complications included 1 case of cerebrospinal fluid leak from a recurred meningioma patient postoperatively, and 1 case of facial paralysis resulting from parotid-gland deep lobe tumor. Most (14/15) tumors got complete removal with safe boundary through intra-operative navigation verification and post-operative imaging confirmation, except for one case of subtotal resection to avoid the injury of cavernous sinus. The pathological results of the tumors could be classified to mesenchymal (10), adenogenous (3), neurogenic (3) or epithelial (1) resources. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 94 months, with the median follow-up time of 9 months. CONCLUSION: Taking full advantages of individualized multimodal images, could help analyze the three-dimensional spatial position relationship of tumors, vital vessels and craniofacial bones properly, and then complete the virtual operation design well. The incorporated multimodal image fusion technology with navigation technology may improve the accuracy and safety of core needle biopsy and surgical treatment of skull base-infratemporal tumors.

[The therapeutic effects of interleukin 10 gene-modified bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in a murine model of liver fibrosis].

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene-modified dendritic cells (DC-IL-10) in mice with liver fibrosis. Methods: DC-IL-10 was constructed in vitro, the phenotype and function of which were evaluated by flow cytometry. BALB/c mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to establish liver fibrotic model. DC-IL-10 was administrated via tail vein. Animals were divided into 4 groups including normal dendritic cell(DC) control, liver fibrosis only, negative lentiviral transfection DC (DC-mock) and DC-IL-10. Liver function, cytokine secretion, T lymphocyte differentiation and liver histomorphology were tested. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to analyze the effect of DC-IL-10 on Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and its role in liver fibrosis. Results: When compared with DC control and DC-mock, the expression of DC-IL-10 surface stimulating molecules (major histocompatibity complex-Ⅱ, CD(80), CD(86)) were significantly decreased (F=14.708, 22.503, 12.595, respectively, all P<0.05), and DC-IL-10 significantly inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation (F=50.295, P<0.05). When compared with liver fibrosis group, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase were decreased in DC-IL-10 treated group (all P<0.05), other parameters including inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, IL-1ß) reduced (all P <0.05), the proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg) increased (F=6.742, P<0.05), pathological damage improved, the expression of Wnt3a, α-SMA and ß-catenin mRNA and protein significantly reduced in DC-IL-10 treatment group (all P<0.001) . Conclusions: DC-IL-10 induces elevation of Treg for immune tolerance, as well as inhibition of inflammatory response, block of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, which translates into improvement of liver fibrosis.

[Changes of distal-less homeobox genes 5 and Msh homeobox 1 in a rat model of bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw].

Objective: To further study the effects of distal-less homeobox gene 5 (Dlx-5) and Msh homeobox 1 (Msx-1) in the pathogenic mechanism of bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) . Methods: Twenty-four SD rats were divided into two groups, the experimental group was injected intraperitoneally with zoledronic acid for 12 weeks (0.2 mg/kg, three times a week), and the control group was injected with saline solution for 12 weeks. The first mandibular molars were extracted after 12 weeks. All of the animals were sacrificed eight weeks after teeth extraction. The BRONJ was diagnosed by gross observation, X-ray examination and histopathlolgical examination. Through real-time PCR, the expression level of Dlx-5 and Msx-1 were detected in the mandible of BRONJ samples and normal samples. Results: X-ray examination and histopathlolgical analysis showed the presence of BRONJ. The results of real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of Dlx-5 were increased (P=0.001) and the expression level of Msx-1 was decreased (P=0.001) in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusions: Dlx-5 and Msx-1 genes play roles in the pathogenic mechanism of BRONJ.

miR-424 protects PC-12 cells from OGD-induced injury by negatively regulating MKP-1.

OBJECTIVE: It's of great significance to investigate the novel targets of drugs for the treatment of stroke. In this study, we explored the neuroprotective role of miR-424 in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injuries in PC-12 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PC-12 cells were subjected to OGD stimulation to mimic ischemic injury. The expressions of miR-424 and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) were altered by transient transfection with miR-424 mimic, miR-424 inhibitor, pEX-MKP-1, or sh-MKP-1. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), were conducted to respectively detect cell viability, apoptotic cells, and the expression of miR-424 and MKP-1. The protein expressions of several factors were determined by Western blot. Meanwhile, relative luciferase activity assay was done to verify the predicted targets association. RESULTS: OGD induced injury in PC-12 cells by suppressing cell viability and inducing apoptosis. OGD also induced the expression of miR-424 in PC-12 cells. Overexpression of miR-424 protected PC-12 cells from OGD-induced injury by increasing cell viability and decreasing apoptosis. MKP-1 was a direct target of miR-424, and its expression was negatively regulated by miR-424. Up-regulation of expression of MKP-1 aggravated OGD-induced cell injury by inhibiting the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), thus inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. CONCLUSIONS: miR-424 protected PC-12 cells from OGD-induced injury through direct suppression of MKP-1 expression, as MKP-1 promoted OGD-induced cell injury by inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways.