[Investigation of the Performance of Organic Contaminant Degradation by Fe2+/PDS Under Environmentally Relevant pH Conditions].

Peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation by Fe2+ has proven to be a promising method to abate emerging organic contaminants by generating reactive oxidation species. Nevertheless, this process may only achieve good decontamination performance under acidic conditions, which has markedly limited its application in real practice. To address this issue, we comprehensively investigated the performance of the Fe2+/PDS process toward some probe contaminants at different pH levels and explored the potential change in reactive oxidative species and the influence of oxygen. Both SO4-· and Fe(Ⅳ) were identified to be involved in the Fe2+/PDS process, and the types of these oxidative species did not change with varying pH values. Although dissolved oxygen could compete with PDS for Fe2+, especially at high pH values, this competition process was not the major reason for the declined performance of the Fe2+/PDS process, since 37.6%-100% of PDS could also be activated with the presence of oxygen. Instead, the overdosing of Fe2+could greatly inhibit carbamazepine removal, indicating that the nonproductive consumption of reactive oxidants by Fe2+should account for the declined performance of Fe2+/PDS under environmentally relevant pH conditions. Accordingly, the feasibility of applying zero-valent iron and sulfidated zero-valent iron was further evaluated, and the formation of corrosion products was characterized using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. All these findings will improve our understanding about the Fe2+/PDS process and thus facilitate its application.

Relationship between concentration of cyclosporine A and its clinical efficacy after heart transplant / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To improve the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine A through analysis of the relationship between drug monitoring data and its clinical efficacy after heart transplant (HT). METHODS: Four hundred and fifty-eight blood concentration data from 27 HT patients were retrospectively analyzed. The HT patients were divided into normal, toxic, and rejection group. The cyclosporine A blood concentrations among these three groups were compared. The changes of blood concentrations were discussed in different postoperative periods of HT patients grouped by the occurrence of rejection and toxicity respectively. RESULTS: The trend of cyclosporine A blood concentration change was unpredictable in the early postoperative period. The average ρ0 and ρ2 had significant differences among the three groups. ρ0 had no significant difference in most postoperative periods between toxic group and non-toxic group or rejection group and non-rejection group, however, ρ2 had a significant difference in most postoperative periods and ρ0 was also able to predict the cases of malabsorption, indicating that monitoring ρ2 had more clinical significance than monitoring ρ0. CONCLUSION: Blood concentration monitoring can provide a reference for cyclosporine A usage in the clinical practice. For HT patients, ρ2 is more scientific and sensitive than ρ0 as a monitoring index in both preventing acute rejection and toxicity and adjusting dosage. Cyclosporine A blood concentration monitoring should be closely combined with clinical practice to individualize its use and thus achieve a satisfactory immunosuppressive effect.