Cystic adenomyoma of the uterus: Case report and literature review.

Cystic adenomyosis is a rare type of adenomyosis. The main clinical manifestation of uterine cystic adenomyoma is severe dysmenorrhoea, and the condition can be diagnosed by relevant clinical examination. The preferred treatment, with a good prognosis, is lesion resection. The clinical data of a patient with uterine cystic adenomyoma recorded at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University are reported herein. A 39-year-old female patient presented with tolerable menstrual pain and aggravated dysmenorrhoea, which she had experienced for 4 years, and menorrhagia, which she had had for approximately 1 year. Ultrasound and tumour marker tests suggested abnormalities, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a diagnosis of uterine cystic adenomyoma. A hysteroscopy and intrauterine lesion electrocision were performed, and the results of postoperative pathology tests suggested that the endometriosis cysts had returned to normal after the postoperative intervention. The analysis of the clinical manifestations and diagnosis and treatment of uterine cystic adenomyoma can improve the understanding of the disease and reduce the rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses to ensure early detection with timely diagnosis and treatment.

Recent advances in cellulose microgels: Preparations and functionalized applications.

Microgels are soft, deformable, permeable, and stimuli-responsive microscopic polymeric particles that are now emerging as prospective multifunctional soft materials for delivery systems, interface stabilization, cell cultures and tissue engineering. Cellulose microgels are emerging biopolymeric microgels with unique characteristics such as abound hydroxyl structure, admirable designability, multiscale pore network and excellent biocompatibility. This review summarizes the fabrication strategies for microgel, then highlights the fabrication routes for cellulose microgels, and finally elaborates cellulose microgels' bright application prospects with unique characteristics in the fields of controlled release, interface stabilization, coating, purification, nutrition/drug delivery, and bio-fabrication. The challenges to be addressed for further applications and considerable scope for development in future of cellulose microgels are also discussed.

Regulatory considerations for animal studies of biomaterial products.

Animal studies play a vital role in validating the concept, feasibility, safety, performance and efficacy of biomaterials products during their bench-to-clinic translation. This article aims to share regulatory considerations for animal studies of biomaterial products. After briefly emphasizing the importance of animal studies, issues of animal studies during biomaterial products' translation are discussed. Animal studies with unclear purposes, flawed design and poor reporting quality could significantly reduce the translation efficiency and create regulatory challenges. Regulatory perspectives on the purpose, principle, quality and regulatory science of animal studies are also presented. Animal studies should have clear purposes, follow principles of 3R+DQ (replacement, reduction, refinement, design and quality) and execute under an efficiently operating quality management system. With the advancement of regulatory science, National Medical Products Administration of China has been developing a series of standards and guidance documents on animal studies of medical devices. Case studies of making decisions on whether to conduct animal studies are provided in the end with drug-eluting stents as examples. In summary, animal studies of biomaterial products should pay close attention to the rationale, design and quality in order to achieve their purposes.

[Analysis of Common Questions in Medical Device Technical Review].

Risk management is an activity running through the full life of medical device, which has a significant effect on ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medical device. Many researchers do the research on medical device risk management from different perspectives, but few people discuss it from the technical perspective. The risk management issue in technical review of medical equipment was discussed, the reasons of the issue were analyzed, and suggestions were given in this study.

Highly sensitive detection of salvianic acid a drug by a novel electrochemical sensor based on HKUST-1 loaded on three-dimensional graphene-MWCNT composite.

HKUST-1, a kind of metal-organic framework (MOF) composed by Cu2+ and trimesic acid, loaded on reduced graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite [HKUST-1 @ (RGO-MWCNT)] was successfully synthesized by a facile and simple route. Then, a highly sensitive non-enzymatic salvianic acid A (SAA) electrochemical sensor was fabricated by modifying HKUST-1 @ (RGO-MWCNT) on a glassy carbon electrode, taking full advantage of the synergistic effect between the redox catalytic capacity of Cu2+ and the electrical conductivity of carbon materials. The sensor showed a low limit of detection of 0.081 µM, limit of quantitation of 0.27 µM, high sensitivity of 509.6 µA/mM and a good relationship between reduction peak current and concentration of SAA from 2 to 4600 µM. Meanwhile, the sensor had the advantages of repeatability and stability. Finally, it was used to detect SAA in real samples with noteworthy electroanalytical performance. In short, the sensor has considerable potential for the electroanalysis of SAA. Moreover, the study provides a promising composite of MOF and carbon materials with potential application in the analysis of effective components of herbaceous medicinal plants.

Impact of gender, albumin, and CYP2C19 polymorphisms on valproic acid in Chinese patients: a population pharmacokinetic model.

OBJECTIVE: This prospective study aimed to establish the valproic acid (VPA) population pharmacokinetic model in Chinese patients and realise personalised medication on the basis of population pharmacokinetics. METHODS: The patients' clinical information and VPA plasma concentrations were collected from The General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron & Steel (Group) Corporation (TISCO). Nonlinear mixed-effect modelling was used to build the population pharmacokinetic model. To characterise the pharmacokinetic data, a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order absorption and elimination was used. The first-order conditional estimation with η-ε interaction was applied throughout the model-developing procedure. The absorption rate constant (Ka) was fixed at 2.38 hour-1, and the impact of covariates on clearance and apparent volume of distribution were also explored. Medical records of 60 inpatients were reviewed prospectively and the objective function value (OFV) of the base model and final model were 851.813 and 817.622, respectively. RESULTS: Gender was identified as the covariate that had a significant impact on the volume of distribution, and albumin and CYP2C19 genotypes influenced clearance. CONCLUSION: Bootstrap and VPC indicated that a reliable model had been developed that was based on the simulation results, and a simple-to-use dosage regimen table was created to guide clinicians for VPA drug dosing.

[Testing System for Biomechanical Properties of Bone].

A novel testing system is designed to simulate the mechanical performance and evaluate the biomechanical properties of the bone and the corresponding bone fixator. It is mainly composed of movement platform and servo motor system, sensors and hardware circuit system and software system. In order to prove the feasibility of the design, on the basis of the calibration for the force sensor, the fatigue experiment is carried out using the tibia of the sheep. It is concluded from the result that under the condition of 1 Hz in frequency, 50 kg in loading force and 18 000 cycles, the bone fixator can be still in good condition, which proves the feasibility of the design.

miR-93­mediated collagen expression in stress urinary incontinence via calpain-2.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and mechanism of microRNA (miR)­93 in collagen expression in stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Vaginal tissue, primary fibroblasts and SUI primary fibroblasts were obtained to detect the expression of miR­93, interstitial collagenase (MMP1), collagen I and calpain­2. Reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to detect the levels of miR­93 and MMP1. Western blotting was used to evaluate the protein levels of calpain­2, MMP1 and collagen I. MMP1 and hydroxyproline levels in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. The association between miR­93 and calpain­2 was investigated by luciferase reporter assays. The expression of miR­93 and collagen I was significantly downregulated in the SUI group, while the expression of calpain­2 and MMP1 was significantly upregulated. ELISA analysis demonstrated that the MMP1 level increased and the hydroxyproline level decreased in the SUI group. Additionally, calpain­2 was identified to be a target of miR­93, and miR­93 was able to negatively regulate the expression of calpain­2. Restoration of calpain­2 in miR­93­overexpresseing SUI primary fibroblasts reversed the alteration in hydroxyproline expression, indicating that calpain­2 was negatively associated with collagen expression. The results of the present study suggested that miR­93 regulated MMP1 and collagen I expression in fibroblasts via calpain­2. miR­93 mediated collagen expression in stress urinary incontinence via calpain­2.

Regulation of NEAT1/miR-214-3p on the growth, migration and invasion of endometrial carcinoma cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function and mechanism of lnc NEAT1 in regulating the growth, migration and invasion of endometrial carcinoma (EC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NEAT1 and miR-214-3p levels were measured by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of HMGA1, ß-catenin, c-myc and MMP9 were evaluated by Western blot. The effects of NEAT1, HMGA1, miR-214-3p on the viability, migration and invasion of HEC-1A cells were accessed by WST-1 assay and transwell migration/invasion assay. The effect of miR-214-3p on Wnt signaling activity was tested by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: NEAT1, HMGA1 and ß-catenin were significantly upregulated in EC tissues, and miR-214-3p was significantly downregulated. NEAT1 promoted the growth, migration and invasion of HEC-1A cells, and mRNA level of Wnt/ß-catenin downstream genes c-myc and MMP9. In addition, HMGA1 upregualted the protein and mRNA levels of Wnt/ß-catenin downstream genes c-myc and MMP9, and could improve cell viability, and increase numbers of migration and invasion of HEC-1A cells. miR-214-3p overexpression inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HEC-1A cells, while NEAT1 overexpression reversed these effects. miR-214-3p overexpression inhibited the activity of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, while NEAT1 overexpression reversed this effect. Then, si-HMGA1 reduced the activity of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. Moreover, we found NEAT1 and HMGA1 bound to miR-214-3p by luciferase reporter assay, and NEAT1 and HMGA1 expression were negatively correlated with miR-214-3p. CONCLUSION: NEAT1 regulates HMGA1 via miR-214-3p to regulate Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, thus promotes the growth, migration and invasion of HEC-1A cells.

[Safety/Effectiveness Evaluation Consideration of Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography Products].

This article introduces three-dimensional ultrasonography products comprehensively, considers the evaluation of their safety and effectiveness and gives some opinions on technical review. It is hoped to be helpful for three-dimensional ultrasonography products registration and technical review.

[Clinical trial requests of indigenous diagnostic imaging ultrasound devices in first-time registration application].

This article introduces the clinical requests of indigenous diagnostic imaging ultrasound devices in first-time registration application and the clinical trial requests in Technical Review Guidance of Ultrasound Imaging Diagnostic Devices (category III) Registration and puts forward some questions of the guidance's implementation. It is hoped to help concerned people.