HOXA13 is associated with unfavorable survival and acts as a novel oncogene in prostate carcinoma.

AIM: To investigate the clinical relevance and functional role of HOXA13 in prostate cancer Methods: PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the expression. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression survival analyses investigated the clinical relevance. Cell viability, flow cytometry and transwell assays were used to determine the functional roles. RESULTS: HOXA13 expression is sharply increased in carcinoma tissues and is significantly associated with poor prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Interestingly, nucleus not cytoplasm HOXA13 expression is associated with unfavorable survival of the patients. Furthermore, nucleus HOXA13 expression represents an unfavorable and independent prognosis factor of histological grade 2 or Gleason grade <8 patients. Functionally, forced expression of HOXA13 obviously promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas inhibits tumor cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: HOXA13 is an unfavorable prognostic factor and a novel oncogene for prostate cancer.

Application of morcellator in 1.94 μm thulium laser enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia with volume >80 ml / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of 1.94 μm thulium laser enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with volume >80 ml by morcellator. Methods From September 2014 to June 2016, there were 95 BPH patients with prostate volume over 80 ml treated by thulium laser were divided into two groups according to the surgical procedure: 45 cases in group A, prostate tissue were washed out of bladder after vapoenucleation by 1.94 μm thulium laser; 50 cases in group B, the enucleated prostate tissue were extracted by morcellator. The operation time, the decreasing level of hemoglobin on the first day after surgery, the hospitalization time, the gland tissue weight, catheterization duration, short-term incidence of complications, and the IPSS, PVP, Qmax, QOL in 3 months after surgeon of the two groups were observed and recorded. Results There was significant difference in operation time and gland tissue weight between the two groups. The group B have significantly short operation time compared with group A (P < 0.05), and obtained gland tissue remarkably exceed the group A (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in hemoglobin level, hospitalization time, catheterization duration, and short-term complication between the two groups (P > 0.05). The IPSS, PVR, Qmax and QOL of 3 month, after operation were significantly improved but without any significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Vaporization cutting tissue or morcellating tissue after 1.94 μm thulium laser enucleation has high safety, good curative effect and low complication, while extraction prostate tissue by morcellator can shorten the operation time and get more tissues.

[Contribution of wheat rhizosphere respiration to soil respiration under elevated atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen application].

With the support of free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) system and by using isotope 13C technique, and through planting wheat (Triticum aestivum L., C3 crop) on a soil having been planted with maize (Zea mays L., C4 crop) for many years, this paper studied the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen application on the delta 13C value of soil emitted CO2 and the wheat rhizosphere respiration. With the growth of wheat, the delta 13C value of soil emitted CO2 had a gradual decrease. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (200 micromol mol(-1)) decreased the delta 13C value of emitted CO2 at booting and heading stages significantly when the nitrogen application rate was 250 kg hm(-2) (HN), and at jointing and booting stages significantly when the nitrogen application rate was 150 kg hm(-2) (LN). Nevertheless, the elevated atmospheric CO2 promoted the proportions of wheat rhizosphere respiration to soil respiration at booting and heading stages significantly. From jointing stage to maturing stage, the proportions of wheat rhizosphere respiration to soil respiration were 24%-48% (HN) and 21%-48% (LN) under elevated atmospheric CO2, and 20%-36% (HN) and 19%-32% (LN) under ambient atmospheric CO2. Under both elevated and ambient atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the delta 13C value of emitted CO2 and the rhizosphere respiration had different responses to the increased nitrogen application rate, and there was a significant interactive effect of atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen application rate on the wheat rhizosphere respiration at jointing stage.