Development and characterization of 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the deep sea squat lobster, Munida isos Ahyong and Poore, 2004 and cross-amplification in two congeneric species.

Munida isos is a deep sea squat lobster species that is widely distributed across the New Zealand and east Australian region, and is often associated with deep sea vulnerable marine ecosystems. To investigate its population genetic structure and patterns of regional connectivity, microsatellite loci were developed for M. isos from two genomic libraries using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform. Twenty-six loci amplified consistently in M. isos from the Tasman Sea, among which 20 were polymorphic and selectively neutral. Evidence of null alleles was observed at eight loci. Most loci exhibited moderate to high levels of polymorphism, with an average polymorphic information content value of 0.482. The mean number of alleles per locus was 7.45, with a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.520. Thirteen loci exhibited significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while only one locus pair was in linkage disequilibrium after false discovery rate correction for multiple testing (P < 0.05). Cross-species amplification tests revealed that the transferability of 14 loci (70%) was positive for the two congeners M. endeavourae and M. gracilis. The accessibility to new polymorphic microsatellite loci will facilitate population genetic studies and aid in developing conservation and management strategies for vulnerable marine ecosystems.

Phylogeography of the threatened tetraploid fish, Schizothorax waltoni, in the Yarlung Tsangpo River on the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: implications for conservation.

The phylogeography of Schizothorax waltoni, an endemic and endangered tetraploid schizothoracine fish in the Yarlung Tsangpo River (YLTR) on southern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), was investigated using two mitochondrial DNA regions and eleven microsatellite loci. Analyses of concatenated sequences of cytochrome b (1141 bp) and the control region (712 bp) revealed high haplotype diversity and moderate nucleotide diversity. High genetic diversity was observed based on microsatellite variation. Both mtDNA and microsatellite analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation between the eastern population (Mainling) and the other four populations to the west, and non-significant genetic differentiation amongst the three central populations in the west. Significant genetic differentiation was observed between the western population (Shigatse) and the three central populations based on microsatellite analyses alone. Bayesian skyline plot analyses showed that S. waltoni experienced a pronounced population expansion 0.05 to 0.10 Ma. Hierarchical structure analyses of microsatellite data indicated that S. waltoni could be split into three groups (western, central and eastern YLTR). The results indicate that three management units should be considered for S. waltoni. Our findings highlight the need for the conservation and effective management of S. waltoni, which is a key member of the endemic and highly threatened fishes of the QTP.

First evidence of establishment of the rayed pearl oyster, Pinctada imbricata radiata (Leach, 1814), in the eastern Adriatic Sea.

The Mediterranean Sea is increasingly under threat from invasive species that may negatively affect biodiversity and/or modify ecosystem structure and function. The bivalve mollusc Pinctada imbricata radiata is listed among the 100 most invasive species in the Mediterranean. A first finding of an established population of P. imbricata radiata in the coastal waters of the eastern Adriatic Sea, is presented in this paper. Six and then 30 live specimens were collected in 2015 and in 2017, respectively, at depths of 5 to 15m from the island of Mljet, Croatia. DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) revealed three different haplotypes. All samples showed greatest similarity (98 to >99%) to P. radiata COI sequence records in GenBank (=P. imbricata radiata as used in this paper). A Neighbour Joining tree placed all Croatian samples within the 100% bootstrap supported clade for P. imbricata radiata.

Phylogeography and population genetics of Schizothorax o'connori: strong subdivision in the Yarlung Tsangpo River inferred from mtDNA and microsatellite markers.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a biodiversity hotspot, resulting from its geological history, contemporary environment and isolation. Uplift of the QTP and Quaternary climatic oscillations are hypothesised to have influenced the genetic diversity, population structure and dynamics of all QTP endemic species. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by assaying variation at two mitochondrial DNA regions (cytochrome b and control region) and at 12 microsatellite loci of seven populations of the endemic fish, Schizothorax o'connori from the Yarlung Tsangpo River (YLTR) on the QTP. Analyses revealed one group of six populations to the west, above the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon (YTGC), and a second group to the east below the YTGC. Estimates of the timing of this east-west split indicate that these groups represent evolutionarily significant units that have evolved separately and rapidly in the middle Pleistocene, at the time of the Kunlun-Huanghe Movement A Phase and the Naynayxungla glaciation. Population dynamic analyses indicate that S. o'connori experienced a pronounced late Pleistocene expansion during the last interglacial period. The results of this study support the hypotheses that the QTP uplift and Quaternary climatic oscillations have played important roles in shaping the population genetics and dynamics of this endemic fish.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Oxygymnocypris stewartii (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Oxygymnocypris stewartii is 16,646 bp in size, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 2 non-coding regions (the control region and the origin of light-strand replication). The gene order of O. stewartii mitogenome is similar to those observed in most other vertebrates. The complete mitogenome sequence information of O. stewartii can provide useful data for further studies on phylogenetics, stock evaluation and conservation genetics.

The complete mitogenome sequence of Ptychobarbus dipogon (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Ptychobarbus dipogon is 16,787 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 2 non-coding regions: control region (CR) and origin of light-strand replication (OL). The gene order of P. dipogon mitogenome is similar to those observed in most other vertebrates. The complete mitogenome sequence of P. dipogon can provide useful data for further studies on population structure, phylogenetics and conservation genetics of this species.

Preparation and antimicrobial effect of aromatic, natural and bacteriostatic foot wash with skin care / 中国中药杂志

To prepare the aromatic, natural and bacteriostatic foot wash with skin care and research the inhibition effect on the different bacteria and pathogenic fungus which cause dermatophytosis. It was prepared by using Sophoraflavescens and Dictamnus dasycarpus as materials with the addition of Aloe extract, essential oil, surfactant, etc. The antifungal and antibacterial activity was researched by the levitation liquid quantitative method. The foot wash smelled faintly scent. The use of this product can produce a rich foam. The inhibitory rate were all more than 90%. The preparation process of the foot wash was simple. It has obviously bacteriostatic and fungistatic effect.

Relationship between high-sensitive c-reactive and blood pressure / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between c-reactive protein (CRP) and blood pressure in a general population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomly selected 3889 subjects aged 18 - 74 years stratified by gender and age in Baqiao, a rural area of Jiangsu Province. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on medical history, smoking, alcohol intake and use of medications. Blood pressure was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer. Serum CRP (hCRP) concentration was measured using a high sensitivity BNprosec immunonephelometric assay. Subjects were divided into 4 groups according to their interquartile range of CRP levers: group Q1 (men hCRP < 2.04 mg/L; women hCRP < 1.80 mg/L); group Q2 (men 2.04 mg/L ≤ hCRP < 3.01 mg/L; women 1.80 mg/L ≤ hCRP < 2.76 mg/L); group Q3 (men 3.01 mg/L ≤ hCRP < 4.14 mg/L; women 2.76 mg/L ≤ hCRP < 3.84 mg/L); and group Q4 (men 4.14 mg/L ≤ hCRP; women 3.84 mg/L ≤ hCRP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Systolic blood pressure (SBP, adjusted P = 0.016) and pulse pressure (PP, adjusted P = 0.003) of men and PP (adjusted P = 0.002) of women were increased in proportion to increased CRP levels. Diastolic blood pressure was not associated with CRP levels. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that logCRP was independently associated with SBP and PP in men and PP in women. hCRP was independently associated with hypertension in men. Compared with group Q1, male people in group Q4 faced a 40.4% (95% confidence interval: 4.9% - 87.9%) higher risk of hypertension.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>hCRP was independently associated with PP in men and women, and SBP in men. hCRP was independently associated with hypertension in men but not in women in this study population.</p>

Epidemiological study on disability caused by injury in the Chinese population / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To describe and analyze the prevalence and epidemiological features of people with disability caused by injury in the Chinese population, and to provide scientific basis for developing the prevention and control programs on injuries. Methods Statistics and infervention measures were used to analyze the data from the Second China National Sample Survey on injury-caused Disability. Cluster analysis was used to analyze the differences in regions. Results The overall prevalence of disability caused by injury was 99.68/10 000 which occupied 15.59% of all the disability, with multiple disability excluded. Physical disability and hearing disability accounted for 65.59% and 23.35% of all the injury-caused disability respectively, while those ranked Grade Ⅳ and Ⅲ making up the majority(55.14% and 25.83%)of the disability, respectively. There were significant differences in the distribution of injury-caused disability among different age groups(x2= 23 106.14,P＜0.001)and gender(x2=2161.74, P＜0.001). Ageing and being males having a higher risk on injury- caused disability. Five clusters were identified by cluster analysis, in which injury-caused disability were severe in the fifth(Sichuan province)and the fourth clusters(Hunan, Chongqing,Guizhou, Ningxia province). Conclusion Problems discovered by injury-caused disability in the Chinese population should not be ignored. Both physical and hearing disabilities appeared to be the two main types of disability while age, gender and region were related to injury-caused disability.Targeted strategies should be developed to decrease the injury-caused disability in China.