Editing of a Specific Strain of Escherichia coli in the Mouse Gut Using Native Phages.

There is a lack of methodological investigation of the in situ functions of bacterial species in microecosystems. Here, we used native phages as a microbial editing tool for eliminating Escherichia coli strain MG1655 labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the mouse gut. The virulent phages (W1 and W3) possessed host specificity at both the genus and species levels, resulting in an 8.8-log10 difference in the titer of viable bacteria after 12 h of phage treatment compared with that in the phage-free control in an in vitro test. In vivo, they reduced strain MG1655 colonizing the mouse gut at concentrations of 106 to 108 CFU g-1 to a 102 CFU g-1 level, which is almost undetectable by the plate colony-counting method. Moreover, the impact of phage treatment on the microbial community structure of the mouse gut was not significant (P > 0.05), indicating that native phages can effectively edit a target bacterium, with limited perturbation of microbial diversity and relative abundance. Therefore, we developed an engineering technique for investigation of the functions of a specific bacterium by depleting its abundance in microecosystems. IMPORTANCE This report describes a gut engineering technique for investigation of the functions of a specific bacterium. Native phages with host specificity can knock down the corresponding E. coli strain in the mouse gut with limited perturbation of microbial diversity and relative abundance, indicating that they, as a microbial editing tool, can effectively edit the abundance of a target bacterium. Such an approach is undoubtedly of interest in the context of lack of knowledge of how to methodologically study the in situ function of a specific species in a complex microecosystem.

Whole-cell biosynthesis of cytarabine by an unnecessary protein-reduced Escherichia coli that coexpresses purine and uracil phosphorylase.

Currently, whole-cell catalysts face challenges due to the complexity of reaction systems, although they have a cost advantage over pure enzymes. In this study, cytarabine was synthesized by purified purine phosphorylase 1 (PNP1) and uracil phosphorylase (UP), and the conversion of cytarabine from adenine arabinoside reached 72.3 ± 4.3%. However, the synthesis was unsuccessful by whole-cell catalysis due to interference from unnecessary proteins (UNPs) in cells. Thus, we carried out a large-scale gene editing involving 377 genes in the genome of Escherichia coli to reduce the negative effect of UNPs on substrate conversion and cytarabine production. Finally, the PNP1 and UP activities of the obtained mutant were increased significantly compared with the parental strain, and more importantly, the conversion rate of cytarabine by whole-cell catalysis reached 67.4 ± 2.5%. The lack of 148 proteins and downregulation of 783 proteins caused by gene editing were equivalent to partial purification of the enzymes within cells, and thus, we provided inspiration to solve the problem caused by UNP interference, which is ubiquitous in the field of whole-cell catalysis.

Effects of Simvastatin Combined with Rivaroxaban on Pharmacokinetics of Rivaroxaban in Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of simvastatin combined with rivaroxaban on pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban in rats. METHODS： Thirty rats were randomly divided into rivaroxaban group （intragastric administration of normal saline+rivaroxaban 2.6 mg/kg）， simvastatin+rivaroxaban group （intragastric administration of simvastatin 5.3 mg/kg+rivaroxaban 2.6     mg/kg）， with 15 rats in each group. The rats were given normal saline/simvastatin intragastrically for 5 d， once a day， and then given intragastric administration of rivaroxaban+normal saline/simvastain once. The blood samples were collected from orbital cavity of rats before medication and 0.25， 0.5， 0.75， 1， 1.5， 2， 4， 8， 12， 24 h after medication. The plasma concentration of rivaroxaban was determined by LC-MS/MS. Plasma concentration-time curves were drawn， and the pharmacokinetic parameters were fitted by DAS 2.1.1 software. RESULTS： The pharmacokinetic parameters of rivaroxaban group and simvastatin+rivaroxaban group in rats included that AUC0-24 h were （2 599.86±791.82） and （2 777.74±989.25） ng·h/mL； AUC0-∞ were （3 053.28±        1 116.06） ng·h/mL and （3 396.78±1 409.80） ng·h/mL； t1/2 were （8.06±3.52） h and （9.25±4.18） h； tmax were（0.65±0.28） h and （0.60±0.13） h； CLZ were （0.95±0.32） L/（h·kg） and （0.88±0.34） L/（h·kg）； Vd were（10.37±4.43） L/kg and （11.07±4.48）      L/kg； cmax were （424.93±145.30） ng/mL and （507.15±132.40） ng/mL. Compared with rivaroxaban group， AUC0-24 h， AUC0-∞， t1/2， Vd and cmax of simvastatin+rivaroxaban group increased by 6.40％， 10.11％， 12.86％， 6.32％， 16.21％； tmax and CLZ decreased by 8.33％ and 7.95％. There was no significant difference （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： There is no significant change in pharmacokinetic parameters of rivaroxaban in rats after combination of simvastatin （5.3 mg/kg） and rivaroxaban （2.6 mg/kg）.

Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Yupingfeng Powder Combined with Second-generation Antihistamines Versus Second-generation Antihistamines for Chronic Urticaria / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study therapeutic efficacy of total hip arthroplasty(THA)combined with Alendronate sodium tablets in the treatment of femoral neck fracture and its effects on bone mineral density(BMD). METHODS:A total of 98 patients with femoral neck fractures in our hospital during 2014-2016 were divided into observation group and control group by random digital table method,with 49 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with THA. 7 days after operation,control group was given routine anti-osteoporosis treatment [Gaierqi D tablets(containing 600 mg calcium/vitamin D3125 IU in each tablet),p.o., one tablet/time,once a day;Calcitriol soft capsules(25 μ g each pill,p.o.,2 pills/time,once a day)]. Observation group was additionally given Alendronate sodium tablets(10 mg/time,once a day)on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for consecutive 3 months. The hip function excellent rate was evaluated by using Harris scoring system at 7 days,3 months and 6 months after operation. The periprosthetic 7 cases of egion interest(ROI1-7)BMD were detected and compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:The excellent rate of hip joint function in the control group were 16.33%,40.82%,69.39% 7 days,3 months,6 months after operation,respectively;those of observation group were 17.78%,73.33%,88.89% respectively. There was no statistical significance in the excellent rates of hip joint function between 2 groups 7 days after operation(P>0.05). The excellent rate of hip joint function in observation group was higher than control group 3 months and 6 months after operation(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in periprosthetic BMD between 2 groups 7 days after operation(P>0.05). Compared with 7 days after operation,BMD of ROI1,ROI6 and ROI7 in 2 groups were decreased gradually 3 months and 6 months after operation (P<0.05 or P<0.01). BMD of ROI2,ROI3 and ROI5 decreased first and then increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no significant change in BMD of ROI4(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in BMD of each area between 2 groups 3 months after operation(P>0.05). BMD of ROI1,ROI2,ROI3,ROI5,ROI6 and ROI7 in observation group were significantly higher than control group 6 months after operation(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:THA combined with Alendronate sodium tablets and conventional anti-osteoporosis treatment can improve the excellent rate of hip joint function in patients with femoral neck fracture and the level of periprosthetic BMD.

Analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of neonatal cholestasis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To analyze the influential factors of the prognosis of neonatal cholestasis. Methods The data on 106 newborns with neonatal cholestasis collected from January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2016 was collected and analyzed retrospectively. All cases were divided into cure group (99 patients) and improvement group (7 patients) according to the effect of oral ursodeoxycholic acid therapy and comprehensive medical treatment. There was no cure for invalid case. The clinical features, course of disease and curative effect were observed. The levels of total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), total bile acid (TBA) were compared between two groups. The ratio of neonatal bacterial infection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, sex, total intravenous nutrition (more than 7 d), perinatal hypoxia, premature birth, maternal complicated intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) were compared between two groups. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the prognosis factors of neonatal cholestasis. Results The levels of serum ALT, AST, γ-GT, TB, DB and TBA in improvement group were significantly higher than those in cure group, the course of disease in improvement group was significantly longer than that in cure group, there were significant differences (P<0.05). A strong linear correlation was showed between course of disease and the levels of serum ALT, AST, TB, DB and TBA (tALT=13.050, tAST=14.696, tTB=12.771, tDB=13.776, tTBA=12.019, P < 0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the prognosis of neonatal cholestasis was associated with bacterial infection, CMV infection, total intravenous nutrition (more than 7 d) and premature ( OR=9.375, 7.909, 11.333, 11.333, P < 0.05). Conclusions The higher the level of serum TB, DB, TBA, ALT and AST, the longer the course of the disease. Bacterial infection, CMV infection, total venous nutrition( ≥ 7 d) and premature are the risk factors of the prognosis of neonatal cholestasis. Therefore, prevention of neonatal bacterial and CMV infection, reduction of the occurrence of preterm delivery and reduction of the total parenteral nutrition time are very important to improve the prognosis of neonatal cholestasis.

Composition of gut microbiota varies in very low birth weight infants within six months after birth / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate the diversity of gut microbiota and its dynamic changes in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) during the first six months after birth.Methods From January to December in 2015,53 VLBWIs admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were recruited.Stool samples were collected from each subject on day 1,7,14 and 28 after birth as well as on day 180 during a follow-up visit.High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of bacterial DNA extracted from stool samples were performed using Illumina MiSeq platform double-end sequencing.Results (1) Phyla level:At all five time points,the dominant phyla were all Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria.The median relative abundance of Proteobacteria was 0.598 5 (0.122 3～0.942 6) on day 1,then rose to 0.893 2 (0.478 1～0.987 0) after one week,maintained at 0.943 2～0.966 0 within 28 days,and later dropped back to the same level as day 1 on day 180 (all P＜0.05).In contrast,the median relative abundance of Actinobacteria on day 180 was significantly higher than that on days 1,7,14 and 28 (all P＜0.05).(2) Genus level:The relative abundance of Klebsiella increased significantly between days 7 and 28 as compared with the lower level on day 1 [0.326 5～0.368 2 vs 0.003 1(0.000 8～0.026 0),all P＜0.05],but significantly decreased to a lower level on day 180 [0.008 1 (0.000 5～0.067 1)].There was no significant difference in the relative abundance of Escherichia within 14 days after birth.However,it significantly increased since day 28 (P＜0.05) and reached a peak on day 180 (P＜0.05).Infants were born with a certain abundance of Bifidobacterium [0.000 5 (0.000 1～0.004 2)],which remained at a very low level for 28 days before reaching to a higher level of 0.045 1 (0.010 2～0.124 8) on day 180 (P＜0.05).(3)The Shannon index on day 14 and 28 were lower than that of day 1 and day 180 (1.81±0.71,1.89±1.270.56 vs 2.33±1.29,2.2±0.5,all P＜0.05),respectively.Conclusions The diversity of gut microbiota in VLBWIs decreases during NICU hospitalization as compared with that at birth when Proteobacteria and Klebsiella becoming the dominant bacteria.However,the diversity was regained after discharge with the increase of Bifidobacterium,Escherichia and other residential bacteria,which indicates that NICU hospitalization is a risk factor for dysbiosis in VLBWIs.

Effects of Vitamin D on growth and immune function in neonatal mice / 重庆医学

Objective To study the effects of Vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on growth and immune function in neonatal mice.Methods A total of 120 mice were divided into four groups (30 mice in each group) according to dose of VitD.The high-dose group,medium-dose group and low-dose group was given 3.44,1.72,0.86 IU VitD drops,respectively.The control group was not treated with VitD drops.Rat body weight,level of peripheral blood 25-(OH)D3 were observed.The cellular immune function (determined by using delayed hypersensitivity reaction experiment),humoral immune function (assessed by antibody producing cells counts and HC50 determination) and mononuclear-macrophage phagocytic function (assessed by mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis of chicken red blood cells test and carbon clearance test) were detected.The flow cytometry assay was carried out to differentiate T lymphocyte subsets.Results With the increase of dose of VitD,levels of peripheral blood 25-(OH)D3 and calcium ion were gradually increased,there were statistically significant differences when compared with the control group(P＜0.05);the body weight and body length were gradually increased,while no statistically significant difference was found among the groups treated with VitD(P＞0.05).Compared to the control group,the toes swelling,phagocytic percentage,number of antibody producing cells,serum soluble HC50 in the high-dose group and medium-dose group were increased significantly,while carbon clearance test phagocytic index were decreased significantly (P＜0.05).With the increase of dose of VitD,the number of CD4+,CD8+ T lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were gradually increased.Conclusion VitD could promote the growth and development of offspring mice,and enhance the immune function of the body.

Application of PDCA circulation method to shorten the time of emergency inspection report in return / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective Application of PDCA method to improve the coincidence rate of emergency inspection report time.Methods 472 cases of emergency inspection report returns the fraction defective of the time from September to December 2014 (blood routine,blood biochemistry,blood coagulation,cerebrospinal fluid,urine analysis).Analyzing the reason and take measures to improve the emergency inspection report time coincidence rate.At the same time,counted 654 cases of emergency inspection report returns the fraction defective of the time after the improvement from July to November 2015,and compared and analyzed the coincidence rate before and after the improvement measures.Results Emergency inspection report of the total fraction defective return time decreased from 13.9 ％ to 4.9 ％ by taking measures.Blood coagulation,blood biochemistry,urine analysis,routine blood,cerebrospinal fluid and urine analysis of emergency return time unqualified rate decreased from 18.2 ％,16.2 ％,10.3 ％,6.75 ％ and 9.1％ to 5.2 ％,5.0 ％,6.4％,5.0 ％ and 3.9 ％ respectively.Conclusion The application of PDCA could improve the time coincidence rate of emergency department,and to finish the emergency detection and report detection results in the shortest possible time.

Variation in genes related to lipid metabolism and the susceptibility of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To explore the association between variation in genes related to lipid metabolism and the susceptibility of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Obese children with fatty liver aged 6~18 years old were included. All of them got ultrasonic testing, routine examination and biochemical detection. In addition, the DNA of peripheral blood was extracted and the 36 target genes related to lipid metabolism were detected by next generation sequencing. Results In 368 obese children who met the inclusion criteria, 183 children (49.7%) were detected to have NAFL . 100 children with NAFLD and 100 children without NAFLD were randomly selected from obese children. The levels of body mass, waistline, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in NAFLD children were all higher than those in non-NAFLD children, and there were significant differences (P all0.05). The levels of bilirubine in the two groups were within normal range. Logistic regression analysis showed that the genes of MTTP rs2306986 (OR=2.70, 95%CI: 1.38~5.27) and MTTP rs3792683 (OR=7.34, 95%CI: 2.04~26.50) that encode microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP or MTP), and the mutation of rs738409 (OR=2.11, 95%CI:1.31~4.48) in gene PNPLA3 that encode patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 are the independent risk factors for the occurrence of the disease. Conclusion Genovariation of MTTP rs2306986, MTTP rs3792683, and PNPLA3 rs738409 may increase susceptibility to NAFLD in children.

Clinical analysis of 30 cases of neonatal group B Streptococcus sepsis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis of neonatal group B streptococcus (GBS) sepsis.Methods According to the onset time and clinical features of the patients,30 cases of neonatal GBS sepsis in Department of Noonatology,Zhuhai People's Hospital and ICU of Newborn of Maternity and Child Care Health Hospital of Guangxi from January 2013 to February 2015 were divided into the early-onset group (onset day of the patients ≤7 days) and late-onset group (onset day of the patients ＞7 days).The clinical manifestations,the examination results of laboratory,imaging examination,treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the newborns diagnosed as neonatal GBS sepsis,there were 19 cases of early-onset sepsis and 11 cases of late-onset sepsis,including 17 males and 13 females,consisting of 24 term infants and 6 premature infants.The early-onset newborns were mainly diagnosed with respiratory symptoms like anhelation,groaning (73.7％,14/19 cases),late-onset GBS sepsis with high fever (81.8％,9/11 cases),high frequency of early-onset intrauterine infection pneumonia (89.5％,17/19 cases) and late-onset intracranial infection (63.6％,7/11 cases).The differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Laboratory tests of GBS sepsis showed that the early value of procalcitonin (PCT) increased,while the number of white blood cells,platelet decreased and C-reactive protein (CRP) increased relatively late.Chest X-ray examination showed 16 cases of pneumonia in children,1 case of pulmonary hemorrhage,1 case of bilateral pneumothorax.Head CT,B ultrasound,and magnetic resonance imaging discover 1 case of ventricular perivascular hemorrhnge,2 cases of intraventricular hemorrhage with ventricular dilatation and 1 case of subdural effusion.Drug sensitivity test showed that 30 cases of children were sensitive to Penicillin,Vanoomycin among which 17 cases (56.66％) were cured,4 cases (23.33％) were improved,9 cases died,6 cases died of abandoning treatment,and the total mortality was 30.00％ (9/30 cases).The 6-month follow-up of 9 cases of purulent meningitis newborns showed that there were 2 cases of mild mental retardation and motor dysfunction,1 case of mild ventricular dilatation with no progressive increase,and 6 cases with no significant sequelae.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of neonatal GBS sepsis are typical.Dynamically monitoring the changes of PCT,CRP,white blood cells and platelet helps to early identify GBS sepsis infection and use sensitive antibiotics to cure the newborns.

Mutation analysis of NTRK1 gene in a family affected with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen for mutations of NTRK1 gene in a Chinese family affected with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from the proband and her family members. All of the 17 exons and intron-exon boundaries of the NTRK1 gene were analyzed by direct Sanger sequencing. For the deletional mutation, the PCR products were subjected to T-A cloning and sequencing to verify the mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NTRK1 gene analysis revealed that proband has carried a c.1786C>T (p.Arg596*) nonsense mutation inherited from her mother and a novel deletional mutation c.1928-2028+23del from her father. Her elder brother only carried the deletional mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The diagnosis of CIPA relied on typical clinical symptoms of no pain, anhidrosis and intellectual disability and detection of the biallelic NTRK1 mutations. The novel deletional mutation has enriched the spectrum of NTRK1 mutations.</p>

Clinical features and OCRL mutation analysis in a case of infant Lowe syndrome / 中国病理生理杂志

[ ABSTRACT ] AIM: To characterize the phenotypic and genetic features of a patient with Lowe syndrome. METHODS:The clinical data and the MRI of a ten-month-old patient were analyzed.At the same time, all exons of the OCRL gene of the patient and his parents were amplified and Sanger-sequenced.RESULTS:Clinical analysis revealed that the patient has abnormal vision, nystagmus, congenital cataract, hypotonia, proteinuria, hematuria and psychomotor retar-dation.MRI showed white matter myelination delay, bilateral frontal and temporal dysplasia, and subarachnoid cavity en-largement.The results of PCR and Sanger sequencing detected a de novo mutation, NM_000276.3: c.1280-1281delTT (p.Cys428Hisfs*2), a deletion causing a frame shift.To our knowledge, this mutation in OCRL gene has not been repor-ted previously.CONCLUSION:The clinical manifestations suggested a phenotype of Lowe syndrome, and molecular ge-netic testing confirmed the diagnosis.The novel de novo mutation enriches the OCRL mutation spectrum.

High glucose induces H9 c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through Ca2+-CaN-NFAT3 signaling pathway / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study the morphological changes of cardiac H9c2 cells during the developmental process of fetal rat.METHODS:Embryonic rat heart-derived H9c2 cells were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum.The H9c2 cells were plated at a density of 6 000 cells/cm and divided into 5 groups:H9c2 cells were trea-ted with 5 mmol/L glucose, 25 mmol/L glucose, 50 mmol/L glucose, Norvasc (25 nmol/L) +25 mmol/L glucose, or Norvasc (25 nmol/L)+50 mmol/L glucose for 48 h.The morphology of H9c2 cells was observed.The cell surface area was measured by Image-Pro Plus 6.1 software.Fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to detect the concentration of in-tracellular calcium ion ( [ Ca2+] i ) in the cardiomyocytes.The concentration of CaN in the cell was measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression of CaNAβ, NFAT3 and β-MHC in the cells was detected by real-time PCR.The protein levels of CaNAβ, NFAT3 and β-MHC in cultural H9c2 cells were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: The mean area of the cells, the mean fluorescence value of [ Ca2+] i and the concentration of CaN in 25 mmol/L glucose group were higher than those in 5 mmol/L glucose group, and those were lower than those in 50 mmol/L glucose group.After treated with Nor-vasc, those results decreased significantly.The expression of CaNAβ, NFAT3 andβ-MHC at mRNA and protein levels in 25 mmol/L glucose group was higher than those in 5 mmol/L glucose group, but was lower than those in 50 mmol/L glu-cose group .The expression of CaNAβ, NFAT3 andβ-MHC at mRNA and protein levels decreased significantly in Norvasc treatment group.CONCLUSION:Ca2+-CaN-NFAT3 signaling pathway is perhaps involved in high glucose-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

The value of improved family management model to reduce occurrence of death and rehospitalization of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia after discharge / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the value of improved family management model to reduce the occurrence of death and rehospitalization rate of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) after discharge.Methods The children with BPD who were admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2006 to December 2013 were enrolled.Thirty-one cases with BPD used with improved family management mode after discharge from January 2010 to December 2013 were as experimental group.Twenty-seven cases with BPD used with traditional family management mode after discharge from January 2006 to December 2009 were as control group.The occurrence of death and rehospitalization were observed because of apnea,choking,respiratory failure,pneumonia and asthma within 3 months after discharge and compared the difference between two groups with chi-square test.The lung functions of all cases were checked in 40 week of the corrected gestational age and 3 month of the corrected age and compare the difference between the experimental group and control group with t test.Results The occurrence of death in the experimental group was 3.22％ (1/31 cases),and that of the control group was 22.22％ (6/27 cases),there was significantly statistical difference in the occurrence of death between two groups (x2 =4.907,P ＜0.05).The occurrence of rehospitalization in the experimental group was 25.80％ (8/31 cases),and that of the control group was 77.78％ (21/27 eases),there was significantly statistical difference in the occurrence of rehospitalization because of apnea,choking,respiratory failure,pneumonia and asthma between two groups (x2 =15.591,P ＜ 0.05).The difference of the lung functions between two groups in 40 week of the corrected gestational age was not statistically significant.The respiratory rate in the experimental group (30 survivors) were lower than those in the control group (21 survivors) in 3 month of the corrected gestational age (t =9.225,P ＜ 0.05),and time to peak tidal expiratory flow,volume to peak tidal expiratory flow,25 ％ tidal expiratory flow,50％ tidal expiratory flow,75 ％ tidal expiratory flow levels in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group in 3 month of the corrected gestational age,the difference of lung functions between 2 groups were statistically significant (t =3.992,3.301,4.645,3.152,2.916,all P ＜ 0.05),the lung functions in experimental group were significantly better than that in control group in 3 month of the corrected age.Conclusions The improved family management mode can reduce the occurrence of death and rehospitalization for the children with BPD after discharge and is conducive to the improvenent of pulmonary function.

Effect of simple phototherapy or phototherapy combined with albumin therapy on severe jaundice in full-term neonates / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To analyze the effect of non-exchange transfusion therapy, including simple phototherapy or phototherapy combined with albumin therapy, on severe jaundice in full-term neonates.METHODS: The full-term neo-nates (n=110) with serum total bilirubin (TBIL) level over 342 μmol/L recewed simple phototherapy or phototherapy combined with albumin therapy.The changes of serum bilirubin levels and neurological signs of these neonates were ob-served.RESULTS:Serum TBIL and indirect bilirubin ( IBIL) levels in the 2 groups of hospitalized cases significantly re-duced after the first day of treatment and at discharged (P<0.01).The reduced degrees of TBIL and IBIL levels in the neonates given phototherapy combined with albumin therapy were higher than those in the neonates given simple photothera-py.All these neonates did not have bilirubin encephalopathy on admission or at discharged.CONCLUSION:Both simple phototherapy and phototherapy combined with albumin therapy treat severe jaundice effectively and prevent acute bilirubin encephalopathy in full-term neonates.

Expression of transcriptional factor Hand2 in fetal rats with gestational diabetes mellitus during cardiac development / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study the effect of Hand2 (one of basic helix-loop-helix proteins’ transcription factors) expression on the development of the cardiac tissues in the fetal rats from gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM) parents, and to investigate the potential pathogenesis of GDM-induced congenital cardiac defects in rats.METHODS: The adult Spra-gue-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into blank control group (n=24), GDM group (n=30), negative control group ( n=30) and insulin intervened group ( n=30) .The GDM model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 2%streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg body weight) to the pregnant rats on the successive day.The rats in insulin intervened group were injected with intermediate-acting insulin in order to keep the fasting blood glucose in the normal range.The rats in negative control group were injected with citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution in the same position.Blood glucose and body weight were examined every day 72 h after STZ injection.On E12, E15 and E19, the rats were anesthetized and the embryonic cardiac tissues were collected after caesarean section.The histopathological changes of the cardiac tissues were observed under microscope with HE staining.The expression of Hand2 was analyzed by the method of immunohisto-chemistry.The expression of Hand2 in the cardiac tissues at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time fluores-cence quantitative PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS:During the development of embryonic heart, the protein expres-sion of Hand2 in the cardiac tissues was showed dynamic changes.Observed on E12, obviously increased on E15, and at the highest level on E19.Compared with the other 3 groups, the protein and mRNA expression of Hand2 in GDM group was decreased at the time points of E12 and E15.CONCLUSION:The morbidity of fetal cardiac malformation is significantly increased in GDM group, suggesting that Hand2 may be involved in the development of cardiac malformation in GDM.

Level and clinical value of serum cystain C in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the change and clinical value of serum cystain C(CysC)level in the patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods 212 cases of CHB in our hospital were selected and divided into the HBeAg-negative group and the HBeAg-positive group according to the HBeAg status.105 healthy individuals at the same time were enrolled as the control group.The levels of serum CysC,ALT,AST,Cr,BUN and HBV DNA in 3 groups were detected and compared.The corre-lations between serum CysC with AST,AST,Cr,Bun,HBV DNA were analyzed by the Pearson correlation analysis.Results The mean CysC level in the HBeAg-negative group was (1 .40±0.36)mg/L,which was higher than (0.93±0.12)mg/L in the control group and (0.96±0.18)mg/L in the HBeAg-positive group,the differences between them was statistically significant(P <0.05). The CysC was significantly positively correlated with serum Cr level in the HBeAg-negative group(r=0.840,P <0.01).Conclusion The CysC level might be used as an effective index for monitoring the early kidney injury in the patients with HBeAg-negative CHB,which has important significance in the prevention and treatment of HBeAg-negative CHB.

The acceleration of sludge granulation using the chlamydospores of Phanerochaete sp. HSD.

In the present paper, a novel method to accelerate sludge granulation is presented. Inoculation with chlamydospores of Phanerochaete sp. HSD accelerated sludge granulation during the treatment process of phenol wastewater, and the sludge granulation rate reached 66 ± 2% on day 7, 32 days earlier than that of the control inoculated with activated sludge only. Aerobic granule in R1 (AG(R1)) showed an annual ring-like multilayer structure and a primary core also existed in the nuclear area of the granule. The mechanism of rapid granulation revealed that the chlamydospore could survive in phenol wastewater and form the primary matrix on which aerobic granule was developed layer by layer. In addition, AG(R1) developed in a phenol uptake system to counteract the adverse effects of phenol inhibition. Higher tolerance toward wastewater with high phenol strength was exhibited, and the maximum specific phenol degradation rate reached 1.54 g phenol g(-1) VSS day(-1).

Improvement of the production of a red pigment in Penicillium sp. HSD07B synthesized during co-culture with Candida tropicalis.

Co-culture of Penicillium sp. HSD07B and Candida tropicalis resulted in the production of a red pigment consisting of six components as determined by TLC and HPLC. The pigment showed no acute toxicity in mice and was mot mutagenic in the Ames test. The pigment was stable between pH 2 and 10 and temperatures of 10-100°C and exhibited good photo-stability and resistance to oxidization by hydrogen peroxide and reduction by Na(2)SO(3). Glucose and ratio of C. tropicalis to strain HSD07B (w/w) in the inoculum were the important factors influencing production of the pigment. Under optimized conditions, a pigment yield of 2.75 and 7.7 g/l was obtained in a shake-flask and a 15 l bioreactor, respectively. Thus, co-culture of strain HSD07B and C. tropicalis is a promising way to produce a red pigment potentially useful for coloring applications.

The effect of bioaugmentation on the performance of sequencing batch reactor and sludge characteristics in the treatment process of papermaking wastewater.

In this paper, the differences between reinforced sequencing batch reactor, which was inoculated with superior mixed flora, and conventional sequencing batch reactor were compared in the process of treating papermaking wastewater under similar conditions. The results showed that the addition of superior mixed flora could not only shorten the sludge acclimation time, but also improve the treatment efficiency of reactor as well as make the reactor have higher ability to withstand high volume loading rate; the phenomenon of aerobic granulation only occurred in reinforced sequencing batch reactor, and superior mixed flora were the key reason that aerobic granular sludge could shape; aerobic granular sludge had many advantages over conventional activated sludge such as it possessed compacter microbial structure, better settling performance, and lower water content.