ABSTRACT
Complex formation processes of tetrasulfosubstituted cobalt(II) phthalocyanine with ORF3a accessory protein of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus were studied. The interaction of ORF3a protein with SARS-CoV-2 virus with tetrasulfosubstituted cobalt(II) phthalocyanine affords a stable complex in which metallophthalocyanine exists in the monomeric form. The complex formation induces slight changes in the secondary structure of the protein by increasing the fraction of disordered fragments of the polypeptide chain. The photoirradiation of the complex of ORF3a protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus with tetrasulfosubstituted cobalt(II) phthalocyanine leads to the photooxidation of amino acid residues of the protein.
ABSTRACT
HIV-1 virions are as immature noninfectious particles lacking a central core. Shortly after budding, virions temporally mature and acquire cores and infectious activity. The cause of maturation remains poorly studied. We have revealed that the virions produced early after infection following 24-36 hours, never mature and remain noninfectious, and only virions produced 48-72 hours after infection mature. The mature virions contain 3 times more genomic viral RNA than "early" virus. The "early" virions contain the same proteolytically cleaved Gag proteins as mature virions in contrast to the accepted version. The virus protease inhibitor Indinavir sulfate (IS) fully blocks infectivity when added early after infection. The early proteolysis of Gag precursor in the infected cells and inclusion into the virions of cellularly cleaved matrix protein (cMA) are shown in the IS-treated cells. cMA is associated with genomic viral RNA.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1/growth & development , HIV-1/metabolism , Protein Precursors/metabolism , Virus Assembly , gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism , Cell Line , HIV Protease Inhibitors/metabolism , HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology , HIV-1/pathogenicity , Humans , Indinavir/metabolism , Indinavir/pharmacology , Virulence/drug effects , Virus SheddingABSTRACT
The complete nucleotide consequences of two Getah virus strains isolated in Russia (LEIV 16275 Mar) and Mongolia (LEIV 17741 MPR) were first determined and analyzed. The nucleotide sequences of the gene of surface glycoprotein E2 and complete genome were used to establish the phylogenetic relations of the strains with other representatives of the Semliki forest serocomplex. The study and reference strains of Getah virus were shown to form its own cluster that was far away from other representatives of the complex and the sequence of the E2 gene significantly reflected the identification of phylogenetical groups within the Sempliki forest serocomplex.
Subject(s)
Aedes/virology , Alphavirus/genetics , Culex/virology , Genome, Viral , Alphavirus/classification , Alphavirus/isolation & purification , Animals , Base Sequence , Mongolia , Phylogeny , Russia , Semliki forest virus/genetics , Viral Envelope Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
A molecular genetic study was performed of the Getah virus strains isolated in Russia (Eastern Siberia and Far East) and Mongolia. A phylogenetic analysis was made, by examining the nucleotide sequences of genome fragments that had been obtained by RT-PCR and that included the portions of the E1 and E2 surface glycoprotein genes and the 6K gene. A genetic diversity of Getah virus strains in North-Eastern Asia is discussed.
Subject(s)
Alphavirus/genetics , Culicidae/virology , Genome, Viral , Alphavirus/isolation & purification , Animals , Genes, Viral , Genetic Variation , Mongolia , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Siberia , Viral Envelope Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of monitoring of viruses of Western Nile (WN), Japanese encephalitis (JE), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Geta, Influenza A, as well as avian paramicroviruses type I (virus of Newcastle disease (ND)) and type 6 (APMV-6) in the Primorye Territory in 2003-2006. Totally throughout the period, specific antibodies to the viruses were detected by neutralization test in wild birds (7.3%, WN; 8.0%, Geta; 0.7% Batai; 2.8%, Alpine hare (Lepus timidus); by hemagglutination-inhibition test in cattle (11.4% WN; 5.9%, JE; j 3.0%, TBE; 11.6%, Geta), horses (6.1, 6.8, 0, and 25.3%, respectively), and pigs (5.4, 1.5, 0, and 5.9%, respectively) by enzyme immunoassay (IgG) in human beings (0.8, 0.5, 6.8, and 3.2%, respectively. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to reveal RNA of the NP segment of influenza A virus in 57.9 and 65% of the cloacal swabs from wild and domestic birds, respectively; and the HA-segment of subtype HH was not detected in 2005. HA/H5 RNA was recorded in 5.5 and 6.7% of the swabs from wild and domestic birds, respectively; 6% of the specimens from domestic birds were M-segment positive in 2006. RNA of influenza A virus NA/H7 and RNA was not detected throughout the years. In 2004, the cloacal swabs 8 isolated influenza A strains: two H3N8 and two H4N8 strains from European teals (Anas crecca), two (H3N8 and H6N2) strains from Baikal teals (A. formosa), one (H10N4) strain from shovelers (A. clypeata), and one (H4N8) from garganeys (A. querquedula). In 2004, one ND virus strain was isolated from the cloacal swabs from European teals (A. crecca). RT-PCR revealed RNA of this virus in some 8 more cloacal swabs from black ducks (A. poecilorhyncha) (3 positive specimens), pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) (n = 2), garganeys (A. querquedula) (n = 1), gadwalls (A. strepera) (n = 1), and geese (Anser anser domesticus) (n = 1). Sequencing of the 374-member fragment of the ND virus F gene, which included a proteolytic cleavage site, could assign two samples to the weakly pathogenetic variants of genotype 1, one sample to highly pathogenic variants of genotype 3a, five to highly pathogenic ones of genotype 5b. Isolation of APMV-6 (2003) from common egrets (Egretta alba) and geese (Ans. anser domesticus) is first described.
