ABSTRACT
Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.), whose common name is "pracaxi," is naturally found in the Amazon region. The present study is aimed at analyzing the anatomy, seed histochemistry, and chemical composition in fatty acid profile of P. macroloba seed oils. Seeds were collected in the cities of Belém, Marituba, and São Domingos do Capim-PA. For the study in light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and histochemistry, seeds were sectioned in cross and longitudinal sections of the embryonic axis and fixed in formaldehyde, acetic acid, and 50% ethyl alcohol; neutral-buffered formalin; and formaldehyde and ferrous sulfate and stored in 70% ethyl alcohol. For the anatomical study, the seeds were subjected to the usual techniques of plant anatomy. Histochemical tests were performed on plant material, freehand sectioned, and embedded in histological paraffin with DMSO. The fatty acid profile was determined for gas chromatography (GC-FID). Integument is divided into three strata, monoseriate exotesta, mesotesta formed by several layers of parenchyma cells, and monoseriate endotesta, formed by compressed cells. Cotyledons are composed of thin-walled parenchyma cells with several secretory cavities and secretory idioblasts. The main metabolic classes are lipids, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, proteins, and alkaloids. The main fatty acids found in P. macroloba oil are oleic, behenic, lignoceric, and linoleic. P. macroloba seeds have important anatomical characteristics for their circumscription in Leguminosae and also in Caesalpinioideae, and their oil is rich in fatty acids essential to the human diet, providing many benefits to the human health, such as fatty acids belonging to the omega family (linoleic, oleic).
ABSTRACT
Plectranthus ornatus is a medicinal and aromatic plant used in traditional and alternative medicine. In this study, leaves of P. ornatus were collected in two cities of the state of Pará, "Quatipuru" and "Barcarena", and were used with the objective of analyzing, through morphoanatomical data and histochemical and phytochemical studies of essential oil, the samples present structural differences and differences in their chemical composition. Anatomical and histochemical analyses were performed by transverse, using longitudinal sections of 8 µm to 10 µm to perform epidermal dissociation, diaphonization, and tests to identify classes of secondary metabolites. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation, and the identification of the chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The anatomical study shows that there is no difference between specimens collected in different locations, and stellate trichomes were identified. The histochemical study detected total lipids and acids, terpenes, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, and calcium oxalate. The low essential oil yield may be related to the low density of secretory cells (glandular trichomes), the unidentified compounds in the highest concentration in the essential oil were in relation to the chemical composition of the essential oils, and the major compounds were α-pinene, sabinene, (E)-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and oct-1-en-3-ol. The results provide new information about the anatomy and histochemistry of P. ornatus.
ABSTRACT
The present work proposed an evaluation of the physiological performance, yield and chemical profile of the essential oil obtained from leaves and roots of Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae) cultivated using different fertilizer sources. The other gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter was not different, suggested that the photosystem II was not affected by the different fertilizer sources. Highest essential oil yield was obtained in leaf samples cultivated with the mineral fertilizer (0.18%) and control conditions (0.22%), while it was obtained by mineral fertilization in the case of root samples (0.22%). The principal component analysis - PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis - HCA showed two groups: the first was formed by roots (OrgR, MinR and ConR), characterized by the constituents 2,3,4-Trimethylbenzaldehyde, Muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1ß-ol, Isoshyobunone, para-Mint-1,5-dien-8-ol, 6-Canphenone, (E)-γ-Atlantone and (E)-ß-Farnesene; and the second group formed by leaves (OrgF, MinF, ConF), related to (2E)-2-Dodecenal, t-2-Tetradecenal, 1-Dodecanal, 1-Decanal, Tetradecanal, γ-Terpinene, Mesitylene and ρ-Cymene.
Subject(s)
Apiaceae , Eryngium , Oils, Volatile , Chlorophyll A , FertilizersABSTRACT
Orthomene comprises four species distributed from Central to South America, of which three occur in phytogeographic domains of Brazil. In Brazil, Amazonia is the main center of diversity for the genus. This work is a taxonomic treatment of Orthomene in Brazil and involved analyzing field collections (between January 2017 and July 2018), types and botanical specimens from 32 national and foreign herbaria. The three species in the study area are Orthomene hirsuta,Orthomene prancei and Orthomene schomburgkii. The latter is the most common and widely distributed species of the genus in the country. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations, distribution data, and additional comments for each species are provided. (AU)
Orthomene possui quatro espécies, distribuídas desde a América Central até a América do Sul, sendo que três ocorrem nos domínios fitogeográficos brasileiros. No Brasil, a Amazônia brasileira é considerada o principal centro de diversidade do gênero. O tratamento taxonômico envolveu a análise de material coletado (entre janeiro de 2017 e julho de 2018), tipos e amostras dos espécimes de Orthomene depositados em 32 herbários nacionais e estrangeiros. O gênero está representado na área de estudo por três espécies: Orthomene hirsuta,Orthomene prancei e Orthomene schomburgkii, sendo esta última a mais comum e amplamente distribuída nas regiões brasileiras de sua ocorrência. São apresentadas uma chave de identificação, descrições e ilustrações das espécies, bem como dados adicionais sobre distribuição geográfica e comentários sobre as mesmas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Menispermaceae/classification , Biodiversity , Plant Dispersal , Brazil , Geographic LocationsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil on germ tube formation by Candida albicans isolated from denture wearers. METHODS: Ten C. albicans isolates recovered from denture wearers were tested using 10% fetal bovine serum with or without 4% R. officinalis essential oil. RESULTS: The essential oil from R. officinalis completely inhibited germ tube formation in the investigated C. albicans isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that the essential oil of R. officinalis modulates C. albicans pathogenicity through its primary virulence factor (i.e., germ tube formation was suppressed).
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida albicans/drug effects , Dentures/microbiology , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Rosmarinus/chemistry , Aged , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Abuta is a genus taxonomically complex due overlapping of morphological character variation. This study deals with the taxonomic treatment of the Abuta genus in the Pará state. The study includes the analysis of botanical material originated from new collections and specimens from the herbaria Museum Goeldi (MG), Agronomic Institute of the North (IAN), National Institute for Research in the Amazon (INPA), Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden (RB) and New York Botanical Garden (NY). Identification key, descriptions, geographical distribution, comments, and illustrations of species are provided. In Pará the genus is represented by 11 species: A. barbata, A. brevifolia, A. candollei, A. grandifolia, A. grisebachii, A. imene, A. obovata, A. rufescens, A. sandwithiana, A. solimoesensis and A. velutina. Abuta obovata and A. velutina are new records for Pará state. The leaf venation was the main character for separating species and the secondary vegetation formation the ecosystem with the largest number of species.
Abuta é um gênero taxonomicamente complexo devido à sobreposição de variação dos caracteres morfológicos. O presente estudo consiste no tratamento taxonômico de Abuta no Estado do Pará. A análise envolveu amostras provenientes de coletas e exsicatas dos herbários Museu Goeldi (MG), Instituto Agronômico do Norte (IAN), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB) e New York Botanical Garden (NY). São apresentados chave de identificação, descrições, distribuição geográfica, comentários e ilustrações das espécies. O gênero está representado na área por 11 espécies: A. barbata, A. brevifolia, A. candollei, A. grandifolia, A. grisebachii, A. imene, A. obovata, A. rufescens, A. sandwithiana, A. solimoesensis e A. velutina. Abuta obovata e A. velutina são novos registros para o estado do Pará. A venação foliar foi o principal caractere para a separação das espécies e a formação de capoeira o ecossistema que apresentou o maior número de espécies.
