ABSTRACT
Drug distribution relies heavily on polymers, which also offer a variety of benefits like controlled release, targeted release, prolonged release, etc. Due to their low toxicity and great safety, biodegradable polymers are highly preferred. The exopolysaccharide known as pullulan is generated from a fungus known as Aureobasidium pullulan. It has many different qualities, including biodegradability, appropriate adhesion, antioxidant, film-forming capacity, blood compatibility, mucosal adhesion, etc. However, its application in the pharmaceutical industry is restricted by its insolubility in organic solvents, mechanical characteristics, and lack of macromolecule-carrying ability groups. This review provides an overview of the modifications made to pullulan, including periodate oxidation, etherification, esterification, sulfation, urethane derivatization, PEG incorporation, and cationization, to enhance its solubility in organic solvents, mechanical properties, pH sensitivity, drug delivery, anticoagulant, and antimicrobial properties. Pullulan has nine active hydroxyl groups in its structure that react chemically that can be used for physicochemical modification to produce pullulan derivatives. A key area of pullulan research has been pullulan modification, which has demonstrated enhanced solubility, pH-sensitive targeting, broadened horizons for delivery systems, anticoagulation, and antibacterial properties.
Subject(s)
Drug Delivery Systems , Glucans , Glucans/chemistry , Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry , Polymers , SolventsABSTRACT
A simple, specific, accurate, precise, and robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the estimation of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in phytosomes of black mustard extract (Brassica nigra). The method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The linearity was achieved over a range of 10-18 µg/mL and regression coefficient was obtained 0.9961. Accuracy of chromatographic method was evaluated by standard addition method; percentage recovery attained was 97.07 ± 0.008-103.66 ± 0.013. Relative standard deviation for intraday and interday precision was 0.02% and 0.22%, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of the AITC were found to be 0.0043 µg/mL and 0.01324 µg/mL, respectively. This result shows that the method was well validated. In the present study, the AITC content was found 0.0009% ± 0.014% in black mustard. This study reveals that the proposed high-performance thin-layer chromatography method is accurate, fast, and cost-effective for the routine estimation of AITC in the phytosome formulation.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Brassica nigra belonging to the family Brassicaceae (syn - black mustard) comprises of dried seeds and is widely cultivated in Mediterranean region and various other countries like India and Europe. The Plant is neither reported in any official book nor reported systematically for pharmacological effects. METHODS: We undertook a structured search of all the official books including pharmacopoeias and ayurvedic textbooks. The data was collected, sorted and compiled to bring the chemical constituents and uses of B. nigra. RESULTS: B. nigra contains glycosinolates which undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of myrosinase enzyme yields allyl isothiocyante. The bitter taste and pungent odor is due to the isothiocyanates. B. Nigra shows various activities that are medically important such as anticancer, anti-bacterial, antifungal, anti-helminthic, protection against renal and hepatic toxicity and can also be used in diabetes treatment. Black mustards are also used in cardiovascular and neurological disorders. CONCLUSION: The present review explores the historical background including the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, chemical constituents, pharmacological action, various evaluation parameters, formulations and uses of black mustard.
