[Possibilities of ultrasound methods in diagnostics of eyelid tumors]. / Vozmozhnosti ul'trazvukovykh metodov issledovaniya v diagnostike novoobrazovanii vek.

PURPOSE: To determine the informative value of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) with A-scan for assessment of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of eyelid tumors less than 5 mm in size. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 25 patients (25 eyes) with eyelid tumors less than 5 mm in size. In addition to standard ophthalmic examination, complex ultrasound diagnostics including B-scan, Color Doppler imaging and UBM with A-scan were performed. The localization, size, structure of eyelid tumors and the state of perifocal tissues were evaluated. All patients underwent surgical treatment with following histological examinations of dissected tissues. Due to qualitative analysis of the studied formations and small number of included patients, there was no need in statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Complex application of UBM and A-scan allowed specifying the localization, size, structure of the small-sized tumors and detecting typical echographic signs of benign or malignant properties of the pathological process. Ultrasound data (UBM and A-scan) of eyelid tumors was highly correlated to histological features. CONCLUSION: UBM with A-scan can be recommended for differential diagnostics of small-sized tumors and optimizing their management.

[The cytogenetic effect of cyclophosphane and the formation of active forms of oxygen in the bone marrow cells of C57Bl/6 and NZW mice]. / Tsitogeneticheskii éffekt tsiklofosfana i obrazovanie aktivnykh form kisloroda v kletkakh kostnogo mozga myshei linii C57Bl/6 i NZW.

Cytogenetic study conducted after a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphane in doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg showed in 1.5-2-month-old male mice that the level of bone marrow cells damaged by the mutagen was significantly higher in NZW animals than in C57Bl/6 animals. The ability to produce active oxygen forms in response to addition of opsonized zymosan and phorbol myristate acetate was also higher in bone marrow suspensions of NZW mice. The higher sensitivity of NZW animals to pro-oxidant and clastogenic effects may be related to the genetically determined decrease of antioxidant protection in NZW animals.

The influence of two carotenoid food dyes on clastogenic activities of cyclophosphamide and dioxidine in mice.

The influence of the food dyes E160e (beta-apo-8'-carotenal in an oil suspension) and E160a (beta-carotene in an oil suspension) on clastogenic effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) and dioxidine (DN) was investigated. Chromosome damage in the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice was reported. The following protocols were used: (1) simultaneous single administration of the dye and the mutagen and the subsequent animal sacrifice within 24 hr; (2) a 4-day pretreatment with the dye (daily administrations) followed with simultaneous injection of the dye and the mutagen on the 5th day 24 hr before sacrifice; (3) daily co-administration of the dye and the mutagen for 5 days with sacrifice 6 hr after the last administration. CP at a dose of 30 mg/kg and DN at 300 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally; the dyes at doses of 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg were given orally. Under all the protocols applied, E160e at a dose of 50 mg/kg caused a significant reduction of both DN and CP effects. At 5 mg/kg this dye reduced the effects of the mutagens only under the pretreatment regimen. Pretreatment with E160a at doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg resulted in a meaningful reduction of the DN effect. Under the combined treatment with mutagens this dye reduced both CP and DN effects.

[Mutagen-modifying effects of beta-carotene in vivo]. / Mutagen-modifitsiruiushchie éffekty beta-karotina in vivo.

A chromosome aberration test on bone marrow cells of C57B1/6 mice showed that beta-carotene (BC) applied by oral administration as a E160a food dye (30% oil suspension) at doses of 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg simultaneously with cyclophosphamide (CPA) and dioxidine (DN) injected intraperitoneally for a period of 24 h did not modify their clastogenic effects. If the animals were pretreated with perorally administrated beta-carotene dye at doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg (corresponding to 1.5 and 15 mg/kg of BC) for 5 consecutive days, a statistically significant reduction in the clastogenic effect of the DN injected for 24 h but not the CPA was observed. In another set of experiments, E160a and clastogens were administered simultaneously for 5 consecutive days, and the animals were killed 6 h after the last treatment. In this case, BC at the dose of 0.15-15 mg/kg statistically significantly reduced the clastogenicity of DN at all doses used, and of CPA at doses of 1.5 and 15 mg/kg.

[Anticlastogenic activity of apo-carotene in vivo]. / Antiklastogennaia aktivnost' apo-karotina in vivo.

The method of chromosome aberration scoring in the bone marrow cells of C57BL/6 mice was used to study the influence of apo-carotene (AC) on the clastogenic effect of intraperitoneal injections of the following two mutagens: cyclophosphamide (CP) in a dose of 30 mg/kg and dioxidine (DN) in a dose of 300 mg/kg. AC was given per os as a food dye E160L (20% oil suspension) in doses of 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, on conversion to pure apo-carotene). The experiment was conducted in three variants: in simultaneous injection of the compounds for 24 h, injection of the mutagens for 24 h in 5-day treatment of the animals with AC, and in combined 5-day administration of AC and mutagens and killing of the animals 6 h after the last administration. In all variants a 10 mg/kg dose of AC reduced the clastogenic effect of CP and DN. Moreover, the clastogenic effect of CP was reduced in pretreatment of the animals with AC in a dose of 1 mg/kg, and that of DN when it was combined with AC in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg for 5 days and in pretreatment of the animals with AC in a dose of 1.0 mg/kg.

[Effects of food carotenoid dyes E160a and E160e on clastogenic activity of cyclophosphamide and dioxidine in mice]. / Vliianie pishchevykh karotinoidnykh krasiteleí E160a i E160e na klastogennuiu aktivnost' tsiklofosfamida i dioksidina u mysheí.

The action of the food dyes E160e (20% beta-apo-8'-carotinale in oily suspension) and E160e (20% beta-carotene in oily suspension) on the clastogenic effects of the indirect alkylating mutagen cyclophosphamide (CP) and the prooxidative mutagen dioxidine (D) was examined by the using the chromosomal aberrations tests on the bone marrow cells from C57B1/6 mice. E160e in a dose of 50 mg/kg caused a significant decrease in the count of aberrant cells damaged by D or CP. When given in a dose 5 mg/kg, the dye reduced the effects of these mutagens only during preadministration. Moreover, E160e in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg substantially lowered the clastogenic effect of D after its 5-day use in combination with the mutagen E160a. Pretreatment of the animals with E160a in doses of 5 und 50 mg/kg caused a significant reduction in the cytogenetic effect of D. When used in combination with the mutagens, this dye in doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg reduced the clastogenic action of CP, when given in doses of 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg, it decreased the count of cells damaged by D. In other variants of the experiment E160a was inactive.

[Ability of bone marrow cells to generate active forms of oxygen in C57Bl/6 and BALB/C mice and mutagenic effects of dioxidine]. / Sposobnost' kletok kostnogo mozga k generatsii aktivnykh form kislorodau myshei linii C57Bl/6 i BALB/C i mutagennye éffekty dioksidina.

Phorbol-myristate acetate- and opsonized zymosan-induced statistically significant differences were shown in the intensity of chemiluminescence occurring in the bone marrow cell suspension. The bone marrow cells from male BALB/c mice showed the most pronounced response to stimulation in the two cases. After 5-day administration of dioxidine (300 mg/kg), the number of the injured metaphases in the bone marrow from the examined animals was 43.6 +/- 2.2 and 23.8 +/- 1.9% in BALB/c and C57B1/6 mice, respectively, which provides evidence for marked strain-specific differences in the cytogenetic effect of this proxidative mutagen. The findings indicated that there was a relationship between the capacity of bone marrow cells of producing APA and the severity of cytogenetic lesions in these cells.