[Virus isolated in the human blood leukocyte culture and its interaction with hepatitis C and G viruses]. / Virus, vydelennyi na kul'ture leikotsitov krovi cheloveka, i ego vzaimootnoshenie s virusami gepatitov C i G.

Electrone-microscopic investigations are indicative of that the cultures of healthy donors, stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), can be successfully used to study the etiology of parenterally transmitted hepatitis. An electronic-microscopic study of a virus, isolated from the blood serum of a patient with hepatitis on the basis of the PHA-stimulated human leukocyte cultures and named a hepatitis leukocytic virus (HLV), enabled, by using the negative contrasting method, to detect viral particles of the hexagonal shape, sized 50-65 nm, with a coating divided by a 4-5 nm light space. Therefore, the HLV was described as belonging to the Flaviviridae family. RNA of the C hepatitis virus was detected in the K HLV strain stored, for 24 years, at the Museum of the Viruses Research Institute, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in a lyophilizated bed at -5 degrees C, however, an attempt to genotype the RNA failed. No RNA donor leukocytes were found in the materials of further passing of HLV by using the PHA-stimulated cultures, which can be explained by an inactivation of HLV at storage. No RNA of the C hepatitis virus was found in the above materials either, however, in 1999, DNA of the TT virus was detected at passing the strain, which indicates that the virus is widely spread in the population of healthy donors, whose lymphocytes are used preparing the blood leukocyte cultures.

[Morphological analysis of a cell system, infected with different strains of the human immunodeficiency virus]. / Morfologicheskii analiz kletochnykh sistem, infitsirovannykh razlichnymi shtammami virusa immunodefitsita cheloveka.

Cell systems infected with 63 strains of types 1 and 2 HIV virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2) were examined under electron microscope. HIV virions were most frequently detected near the cell membrane or budding from it. In the cytoplasm HIV occurred only in vacuole-like formations. Accumulations of mature virions were seen in the cell-to-cell space. Mature particles of HIV-1 and HIV-2 differed by their morphology from oncoviral C particles and were similar rater to the Visna/Medi type Lentiviruses. Morphological analysis of HIV strains isolated in Russia demonstrated their similarity to be foreign HIV strains.

[The lymphocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in rats poisoned by pesticides]. / Aktivnost' atsetilkholinésterazy limfotsitov krys pri intoksikatsii pestitsidami.

The experiments carried out present the evidence of acetylcholinesterase activity of Wistar rat lymphocytes. It was shown that splenocytes and thymocytes had significantly different levels of the enzyme activity. Peroral administration of phosphor-organic pesticide antio (phormothion) 1/100 and 1/20 LD50 induced the dose-dependent inhibition of splenocyte acetylcholine-esterase activity after 2 months of treatment. It suggests the relation of the immunosuppressive action of pesticide with the interference into the neuromediator mechanisms regulating the lymphoid cell function.

[Experimental infection of ixodid ticks with Karshi virus]. / Eksperimental'noe zarazhenie iksodovykh kleshchei virusom Karshi.

The ixodid ticks Hyalomma asiaticum, H. anatolicum, Dermacentor niveus were infected experimentally with Karsha virus. The virus replication has been proved to occur in the tick's organism. The titre of the virus grows gradually in infected ticks. Entering the tick's gut during its feeding virus particles penetrate into the gut walls where primary multiplication and accumulation of the virus take place.

[Biological and genetic properties of a polyploid-forming mutant of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus]. / Biologicheskie i geneticheskie svoistva mul'tiploidformiruiushchego mutanta virusa venesuél'skogo éntsefalomielita loshadei.

Some genetic and biological properties of the multiploid -forming mutant of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus as well as of standard and multiploid virions isolated from its population were analysed. The mutant steadily retained the capacity for formation of multiploid virions comprising up to 20% of the population both in passages in CEF culture and in the progeny of multiploid and standard virions. Owing to this, the concentration of multiploid virions in the population of this mutant remains at a constant level. Formation of multiploid virions compensates for the temperature-sensitive defect inherent in the standard virions which is associated with later stages of virus replication.

[Electron microscopy study of the midgut of ticks after experimental infection with Karshi virus]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie sredeni kishki kleshchei posle éksperimental'nogo zarazheniia virusom Karshi.

The guts of H. asiaticum and H. anatolicum ticks infected with Karshi virus and incubated at 22 degrees and 37 degrees C were studied. Virus particles with morphological features of flaviviruses were found 5 days after infection in the cells of the gut of ticks incubated at 22 degrees C and within 24 hours postinfection in the gut cells of the ticks incubated at 37 degrees C. The possible effect of temperature on the rate of development and spread of the infectious process in the gut wall of the midgut of ticks of both species is discussed.

[Finding of the herpes simplex virus by electron microscopic study of the biopsy from a cervical cancer patient]. / Obnaruzhenie virusa obychnogo gerpesa pri élektronno-mikroskopicheskom issledovanii bioptata bol'noi rakom sheiki matki.

The question of a possible etiological role of the family of herpes viruses in generation of human malignancies is discussed. The detection of herpes simplex virus in human tumor by electron microscopic examination of a biopsy sample from a cervical carcinoma patient is another proof of herpes virus association with human malignant neoplasias.

[Morphological study of a mixed alphavirus infection]. / Morfologicheskoe izuchenie smeshannoi infektsii al'favirusami.

In combined paired cultivation of 8 Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, multiploid virions formed in 17.8% of cases. Five clones with this effect were used in mixed infections with clones of Semliki Forest and Sindbis viruses. In these infections changes in virions of the virus progeny were observed in 20% and 16.6%, respectively. Mixed cultivation of pairs of Sindbis and Semliki Forest viruses resulted in formation of multiploid virions in 42.8%. Besides, in two mixed populations formed upon combined multiplication of the latter viruses virions of unusual shapes were found: rounded, oval, elongated, and triangular designated as polymorphic.

[Multiploid virions of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. Isolation and properties]. / Mul'tiploidnye viriony virusa venesuél'skogo éntsefalomielita loshadei. Vydelenie i svoistva.

Multiploid virions present in the population of multiploid-forming mutant of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus were isolated from preparations of purified and concentrated virus by methods of zonal centrifugation in glycerin density gradient or gel filtration through biogel A-150 m. The portion of multiploid particles in such preparations reached 70%-90%. The isolated multiploid virions retained their morphology, infectivity and hemagglutinating activity. The multiploid particles were found to differ from standard virions in the sedimentation rate and buoyant density.

[Use of continuous human lymphoblastoid cell lines (T- and B-origin) to produce persistent tick-borne encephalitis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus infections]. / Ispol'zovanie perevivaemykh limfoblastoidnykh linii kletok cheloveka (T- i B-proiskhozhdeniia) dlia polucheniia persistentnoi infektsii virusa kleshchegogo éntsefalita i virusa venesuél'skogo éntsefalomielita loshadei.

Persistent infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE) was established in experimentally infected continuous lymphoblastoid human cell lines Raji, L-101 (of B-origin) and 1387 (T-origin) and with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus in Raji and 1387 lines. The persistently infected lines produced infectious virus, the cells showed specific fluorescence in immunofluorescent tests, and electron microscopic examinations revealed TBE and VEE virions in sections.

[Abortive influenza virus infection in Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells. Properties of virus particles and intracellular ribonucleoproteins]. / Abortivnaia infektsiia virusa grippa v kletkakh astsitnogo raka Erlikha. Svoistva virusnykh chastits i vnutrikletochnykh ribonukleoproteidov.

Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells infected with influenza virus, WSN strain, produced noninfectious virus particles differing by some properties from standard virions formed in chick embryo. The ascitic particles were unusually fragile and lost hemagglutinins during purification and storage. They were found in larger or smaller aggregates. In the electron microscope they appeared as spikeless particles of heterogeneous size. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of polypeptides revealed markedly decreased contents of hemagglutinins and M-protein. It is suggested that the decreased amount of M-protein results in the fragility of ascitic virus particles and loss of hemagglutinins which, in its turn, leads to the loss of infectivity. Ribonucleoproteins (RNP) synthesized in the cytoplasm and nuclei of Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells differed in their biophysical properties from RNP formed in the permissive system (chick fibroblast culture). They sedimented slower than RNP from chick fibroblasts, and their buoyant density was 1.37--1.40 g/ml instead of 1.34 g/ml, i. e. the density typical of influenza virus nucleocapsid.

[Morphological data on the reproductive characteristics of the LEIV-108A and LEIV-3306 Uz strains of the Baku virus in chick fibroblast cell culture]. / Morfologicheskie dannye o nekotorykh osobennostiakh razmnozheniia shatmmov LEIV-108A i LEIV-3306 Uz virusa Baku v kul'ture kletok kurinykh fibroblastov.

Electron microscopic examinations of chick fibroblast cells 24 hours after inoculation with LEIV-108A and LEIV-3306 Uz strains of Baku virus revealed the following: in the nuclei of the cells infected with the LEIV-108A strain fine granular matrices were found and virus particles were forming at the periphery of the nucleus; in the LEIV-3306Uz-infected cells virus particles were found budding from the plasma membrane of the cell.

[Interaction of Sindbis virus with a culture of cells producing oncornavirus]. / Vzaimodeistvie virusa Sindbis s kul'turoi kletok,produtsiruiushchei onkornavirus.

Electron microscopy and biophysical methods were used for examinations of primarily trypsinized chick fibroblast cell culture spontaneously producing C-type oncornavirus at 1, 6, and 24 hours after inoculation with Sindbis virus. During the first 6 hours rapid maturation and release of oncornavirus from cells were observed. At later intervals oncornavirus production was inhibited. It is assumed that in the system under study, biosynthesis of oncornavirus and Sindbis virus occur separately.

[Transfection by integrated proviruses]. / Transfektsiia integrirovannymi provirusami.

Three lines of continuous mouse L cells were compared: one of them contained only its endogenic oncornavirus, another was contaminated with SV5 virus, and a third was obtained from the second line chronically infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. Experiments with transfection showed that it was possible to recover SV5 virus from the two former cultures and vesicular stomatitis virus from the latter.