ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. However, there are of hematogenic and vertical transmission. All health care professionals must be aware of the manifestations of this condition, such as oral lesions. OBJECTIVES: This study to analyze and compare four clinical cases of syphilis that were diagnosed based on lesions in the oral cavity with published literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four patients with a confirmed sorologic and clinical diagnosis of syphilis were examined, confirmated from manifestation of oral lesions together with analysis of serological laboratory tests and histopathological analyses. RESULTS: Lesions were found in classic sites such as lips, tongue and skin. However, there were also lesions on the hard palate, and labial commissure, which correspond to less than 5% of the syphilis oral manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of unprotected oral sex may result in infection and development of syphilis. The acknowledgment of the oral manifestations of syphilis in all its period of training for health professionals is of basic importance, the association of clinical features, histopathological findings and serological tests are required to complete the diagnosis and correct treatment.
Subject(s)
Mouth Diseases/diagnosis , Mouth Diseases/microbiology , Syphilis/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young AdultABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, but the mechanisms underlying insulin secretion failure are not completely understood. Here, we show that a set of co-expressed genes, which is enriched for genes with islet-selective open chromatin, is associated with T2D. These genes are perturbed in T2D and have a similar expression pattern to that of dedifferentiated islets. We identify Sox5 as a regulator of the module. Sox5 knockdown induces gene expression changes similar to those observed in T2D and diabetic animals and has profound effects on insulin secretion, including reduced depolarization-evoked Ca2+-influx and ß-cell exocytosis. SOX5 overexpression reverses the expression perturbations observed in a mouse model of T2D, increases the expression of key ß-cell genes and improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human islets from donors with T2D. We suggest that human islets in T2D display changes reminiscent of dedifferentiation and highlight SOX5 as a regulator of ß-cell phenotype and function.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism , SOXD Transcription Factors/metabolism , Animals , Calcium/metabolism , Calcium Channels/metabolism , Chromatin/metabolism , Exocytosis , Female , Gene Expression Regulation , Humans , Insulin/metabolism , Islets of Langerhans/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Phenotype , Phlorhizin/chemistry , RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism , Rats , Valproic Acid/chemistryABSTRACT
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is driven by malignant stem cells that can persist despite therapy. We have identified Metastasis suppressor 1 (Mtss1/MIM) to be downregulated in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from leukemic transgenic SCLtTA/Bcr-Abl mice and in patients with CML at diagnosis, and Mtss1 was restored when patients achieved complete remission. Forced expression of Mtss1 decreased clonogenic capacity and motility of murine myeloid progenitor cells and reduced tumor growth. Viral transduction of Mtss1 into lineage-depleted SCLtTA/Bcr-Abl bone marrow cells decreased leukemic cell burden in recipients, and leukemogenesis was reduced upon injection of Mtss1-overexpressing murine myeloid 32D cells. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy and reversion of Bcr-Abl expression increased Mtss1 expression but failed to restore it to control levels. CML patient samples revealed higher DNA methylation of specific Mtss1 promoter CpG sites that contain binding sites for Kaiso and Rest transcription factors. In summary, we identified a novel tumor suppressor in CML stem cells that is downregulated by both Bcr-Abl kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Restored Mtss1 expression markedly inhibits primitive leukemic cell biology in vivo, providing a therapeutic rationale for the Bcr-Abl-Mtss1 axis to target TKI-resistant CML stem cells in patients.
Subject(s)
Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology , Microfilament Proteins/metabolism , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Animals , Apoptosis , Blotting, Western , Chromatin Immunoprecipitation , Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred C3H , Mice, Transgenic , Microfilament Proteins/genetics , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Estimar la prevalencia del edentulismo total versus parcial y el impacto que esta condición produce en la calidad de vida. Método: La muestra fue compuesta por 182 pacientes, de ambos sexos, con edad a partir de 18 años, que vivían en la ciudad de Recife, inscritos para tratamiento en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE. Esta investigación se realizó entre julio y septiembre de 2010. El edentulismo fue identificado a través del examen de inspección clínica y el impacto por medio del OHIP-14, el cual se compone por cinco dimensiones obtenidas después de la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado. En la muestra analizada se verificó que 88,1% eran desdentados parciales; el grupo etario con mayor porcentaje fue de 31 a 50 años; 70,8% pertenecían al sexo femenino; 48,0% eran casados; 45,0% tenían el segundo grado completo; y 59,9% notificaron ingreso mensual superior a un salario mínimo. Resultados: En relación al impacto en la calidad de vida en las dimensiones mensuradas por el OHIP-14, los mayores porcentajes relatados por los individuos fueron: 67,8% dolor físico; 56,9% incómodo psicológico; y 61,9% limitación psicológica. Conclusión: En la presente pesquisa, el OHIP-14 mostró que los mayores problemas relatados por los individuos que perdieron sus dientes fueron de naturaleza funcional y social, como por ejemplo, incómodo para comer y el sentimiento de vergüenza, causando fuerte impacto en la calidad de vida, y aunque la prevalencia haya sido mayor para el edentulismo parcial, los impactos fueron mayores para los desdentados totales
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Mouth, Edentulous , Oral Health , Quality of Life , DentistryABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the periodontal pathogens that form the red complex (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis. The sample consisted of 29 patients with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of chronic periodontitis based on the criteria of the American Academy of Periodontology (3). Samples for microbiological analysis were collected from the four sites of greatest probing depth in each patient, totaling 116 samples. These samples were processed using conventional polymerase chain reaction, which achieved the following positive results: 46.6% for P. gingivalis, 41.4% for T. forsythia, 33.6% for T. denticola and 27.6% for A. actinomycetemcomitans. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were more prevalent (p < 0.05) in periodontal pockets ≥ 8 mm. The combinations T. forsythia + P. gingivalis (23.2%) and T. forsythia + P. gingivalis + T. denticola (20.0%) were more frequent in sites with a probing depth ≥ 8 mm. Associations with the simultaneous presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans + P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans + T. forsythia, P. gingivalis + T. forsythia and T. forsythia + T. denticola were statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the red complex pathogens are related to chronic periodontitis, presenting a higher occurrence in deep periodontal pockets. Moreover, the simultaneous presence of these bacteria in deep sites suggests a symbiotic relationship between these virulent species, favoring, in this way, a further progression of periodontal disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Actinobacteria/isolation & purification , Actinobacteria/pathogenicity , Bacterial Infections , In Vitro Techniques , Periodontitis , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolation & purification , Porphyromonas gingivalis/pathogenicity , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Treponema denticola/pathogenicity , Methods , Patients , VirulenceABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the periodontal pathogens that form the red complex (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis. The sample consisted of 29 patients with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of chronic periodontitis based on the criteria of the American Academy of Periodontology (3). Samples for microbiological analysis were collected from the four sites of greatest probing depth in each patient, totaling 116 samples. These samples were processed using conventional polymerase chain reaction, which achieved the following positive results: 46.6% for P. gingivalis, 41.4% for T. forsythia, 33.6% for T. denticola and 27.6% for A. actinomycetemcomitans. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were more prevalent (p < 0.05) in periodontal pockets ≥ 8 mm. The combinations T. forsythia + P. gingivalis (23.2%) and T. forsythia + P. gingivalis + T. denticola (20.0%) were more frequent in sites with a probing depth ≥ 8 mm. Associations with the simultaneous presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans + P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans + T. forsythia, P. gingivalis + T. forsythia and T. forsythia + T. denticola were statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the red complex pathogens are related to chronic periodontitis, presenting a higher occurrence in deep periodontal pockets. Moreover, the simultaneous presence of these bacteria in deep sites suggests a symbiotic relationship between these virulent species, favoring, in this way, a further progression of periodontal disease.
ABSTRACT
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been identified as the major cause of chronic liver disease among patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD), despite the important reduction in risks obtained by testing candidate blood donors for anti-HCV antibodies and the use of recombinant erythropoietin to treat anemia. A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection and genotypes among HD patients in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil. Anti-HCV seroprevalence was determined by ELISA in 1243 HD patients from all ten different dialysis centers of the city. HCV infection was confirmed by RT-PCR and genotyping was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Anti-HCV seroprevalence among HD patients was 10.5% (95% CI: 8.8-12.3) (Murex anti-HCV, Abbott Murex, Chicago, IL, USA). Blood samples for qualitative HCV detection and genotyping were collected from 125/130 seropositive HD patients (96.2%). HCV-RNA was detected in 92/125 (73.6%) of the anti-HCV-positive patients. HCV genotype 1 (77.9%) was the most prevalent, followed by genotype 3 (10.5%) and genotype 2 (4.6%). Mixed infections of genotypes 1 and 3 were found in 7.0% of the total number of patients. The present results indicate a significant decrease in anti-HCV prevalence from 23.8% detected in a study carried out in 1994 to 10.5% in the present study. The HCV genotype distribution was closely similar to that observed in other hemodialysis populations in Brazil, in local candidate blood donors and in other groups at risk of transfusion-transmitted infection.
Subject(s)
Genotype , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/etiology , Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Prevalence , RNA, Viral/analysis , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been identified as the major cause of chronic liver disease among patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD), despite the important reduction in risks obtained by testing candidate blood donors for anti-HCV antibodies and the use of recombinant erythropoietin to treat anemia. A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection and genotypes among HD patients in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil. Anti-HCV seroprevalence was determined by ELISA in 1243 HD patients from all ten different dialysis centers of the city. HCV infection was confirmed by RT-PCR and genotyping was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Anti-HCV seroprevalence among HD patients was 10.5 percent (95 percent CI: 8.8-12.3) (Murex anti-HCV, Abbott Murex, Chicago, IL, USA). Blood samples for qualitative HCV detection and genotyping were collected from 125/130 seropositive HD patients (96.2 percent). HCV-RNA was detected in 92/125 (73.6 percent) of the anti-HCV-positive patients. HCV genotype 1 (77.9 percent) was the most prevalent, followed by genotype 3 (10.5 percent) and genotype 2 (4.6 percent). Mixed infections of genotypes 1 and 3 were found in 7.0 percent of the total number of patients. The present results indicate a significant decrease in anti-HCV prevalence from 23.8 percent detected in a study carried out in 1994 to 10.5 percent in the present study. The HCV genotype distribution was closely similar to that observed in other hemodialysis populations in Brazil, in local candidate blood donors and in other groups at risk of transfusion-transmitted infection.
