ABSTRACT
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a neoplasm derived from histiocytes. Its diagnosis was not clear until its immunohistochemistry profile was correctly established. Not much is known about its genetic properties. We report a case of a 48-year-old male patient whose bone marrow was almost completely occupied by monomorphic medium size neoplastic cellularity. Its immunohistochemical profile was CD68(+), CD4(+), CD45(+) with negativity of other dendritic cells, and other lineage markers. Cytogenetic study showed 4 related clones: one with trisomy 8 and extra material on the short arms of chromosome 4; a second line with tetrasomy of chromosome 8, add(4)(p16); the third clone had the same alterations as the previous and deletion of chromosome 3 at q11; the fourth line had tetrasomy 8 and translocation t(3;5)(q25;q35). To our knowledge this is the first HS case showing chromosome 8 trisomy and tetrasomy and the other described alterations.
ABSTRACT
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains the greatest source of morbidity-mortality in allogenic transplant patients. Although in most cases the more easily obtainable clinical and laboratory test parameters suffice to confirm the diagnosis and establish the stage of the disease biopsies of the affected organ are sometimes needed. At present there is great Interest in the study of factors allowing a prognosis of the course and type of response to treatment in patients with CVHD. In this sense, It would be necessary to objectively Identify and validate biomarkers capable of predicting biological or pathological processes in patients with cVHD. To this effect we have performed serial analyses of skin tissue using peripheral blood and tissue biomarkers in a prospective observational study conducted in three transplant centers. The still preliminary results Indicate that certain histopathological findings classically attributed to CVHD ore also seen in patients not clinically affected by the disease--this probably being related to other physiopathological phenomena occurring during transplantation. The study of these findings, combined with biomarker analysis, will allow improved understanding of the underlying etiopathogenesis, as well as the definition of new diagnostic, prognostic and response-evaluating criteria.
Subject(s)
Graft vs Host Disease/etiology , Organ Transplantation/adverse effects , Skin Diseases/etiology , Skin/chemistry , Skin/pathology , Biomarkers/analysis , Biopsy , Graft vs Host Disease/metabolism , Graft vs Host Disease/pathology , Humans , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Skin Diseases/metabolism , Skin Diseases/pathology , Spain , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To study the role of IL-12p40 at the onset of reactive arthritis (ReA) after Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 infection, and analyse relevant microbial antigens and articular expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNA. METHODS: Wild-type C57BL/6 and IL-12p40-deficient (IL-12p40-/-) mice were orogastrically infected with Y. enterocolitica O:3. Early (day 3) and late (day 21) after infection, the number of bacteria were determined in Peyer's patches (PP), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), the spleen, and joints. Histological studies of joints were performed. Collagen-specific and anti-Yersinia antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The presence of Yersinia antigens was studied by dot blot. Induction of articular mRNA of TLR2, TLR4, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TNFalpha protein levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: At day 3, bacterial recovery in PP, MLN, and spleen was significantly increased in IL-12p40-/- mice. Histopathological changes were observed in IL-12p40-/- mice at day 21 after infection, and correlated with higher antibody response against type II collagen. Although live bacteria could not be isolated at day 21 after infection, articular microbial components, especially from the outer membrane (OM), were detected. Moreover, intra-articular immunoglobulins to Yersinia antigens were significantly higher in IL-12p40-/- mice. Furthermore, mRNA levels for TLR2, TLR4 and TNFalpha, and TNFalpha protein were increased in joints from IL-12p40-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that IL-12p40 influences the resistance against Yersinia-triggered ReA. Bacterial products such as Yersinia OM could contribute to the ReA by induction of articular TLR expression, which results in an inflammatory response in the joint.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism , Arthritis, Reactive/immunology , Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/physiology , Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism , Yersinia Infections/immunology , Yersinia enterocolitica/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism , Arthritis, Reactive/metabolism , Arthritis, Reactive/pathology , Female , Gene Expression , Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/deficiency , Joints/metabolism , Joints/pathology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In analysis of the electrical activity of the brain, coherence is a measure of the degree of synchrony between two or more regions of the brain with regard to their frequency values over a unit of time. AIMS: To explore the functional alterations caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD), by evaluating the behaviour of coherence over the whole spectrum of EEG frequencies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied a group of 42 patients with AD, according to criteria of the NINCDS ADRDA group. Partial coherence (e.g. between two derivations each time) was calculated within and between hemispheres, during a state of mental rest; the Z statistic was also determined by comparing the coherence values with the standard data for age, sex and functional state of the brain. RESULTS: Significantly low coherence values were obtained for the frontal central regions of the left hemisphere (LH) and for the occipital parietal regions of the right hemisphere (RH) in the delta band. The same localisations were carried out for the theta band, in addition to the centrotemporal and temporal regions of the LH. The highest incoherence values were observed for the alpha and beta bands, more specifically in frontal central and occipital parietal derivations of the RH, and temporal derivations of the LH. CONCLUSIONS: Non activated partial coherence acts as an indicator of the degree of functional disconnection between brain regions in AD. Studying activated coherence in these patients could contribute new elements to our knowledge about the functional disorders observed in this disease.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology , Electroencephalography , Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Spectrum AnalysisABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate from the electrophysiological point of view the existence of disorders of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and to deepen in the probable topography of the lesions. The sympathetic skin response (SSR) was studied in 37 patients with Cuban epidemic neuropathy (CEN) and in 29 sound individuals. The response to electrical stimulation with simultaneous registry in the 4 limbs was assessed. The latencies and amplitudes of the SSR registered in the lower limbs of patients were significantly different from those of the controls (p < 0.05). This difference between both groups was not observed in the upper limbs. These results are an objective and reproducible evidence of the injury of the ANS in the Cuban epidemic neuropathy. The highest intensity of affectation of the amplitudes of the SSR of lower limbs, with relative indemnity of those of the upper limbs, suggests a predominance of the axonal injury of the peripheral efferent branch towards the lower limbs that is congruent with the greatest affectation of the peripheral nerves in this localization.
