ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate tissue damage of feline testicles sectioned in two different sizes (0.3 or 0.5 cm3 ) and submitted to different cryoprotectants (propanediol or glycerol). Testicles obtained from 12 domestic cats were sectioned in 0.3 and 0.5 cm3 sized pieces and immediately evaluated by TBARS and semi-quantitatively by histomorphology. The remaining fragments were placed in cryotubes with 1 ml Egg yolk Tris Equex STM extender containing 3% glycerol or 3% propanediol and cryopreserved by fast-freezing technique. Frozen-thawed fragments were also evaluated by TBARS and histomorphology. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Student-Newmann-Keuls post hoc test, with p < .05. Fresh and cryopreserved tissues generally exhibited a similar morphology concerning detachment of cells from the basement membrane and observation of nucleoli, with a great proportion scored as 0 (no alteration). When present, alterations were slight and the morphology was considered to be good (most classified in scores 1). Pyknosis was the main anomaly observed as score 2 in 54.6% and 58.4% of 0.3-cm3 fragments cryopreserved in propanediol and glycerol, respectively (16.7% scored 2 in fresh tissue). In TBARS evaluation, 0.5-cm3 fragments cryopreserved in glycerol produced less free radical compared to the 0.3 cm3 cryopreserved in glycerol or propanediol. Our results showed that glycerol was more efficient than propanediol to cryopreserve 0.5-cm3 fragments; this might be attributed to the fact that glycerol molecular weight is larger than propanediol and so its perfusion in the testicular tissue is slower.
Subject(s)
Cats , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Cryoprotective Agents , Testis/anatomy & histology , Animals , Cryopreservation/methods , Egg Yolk , Free Radicals/metabolism , Glycerol , Male , Propylene Glycols , Testis/chemistry , Testis/metabolism , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysisABSTRACT
The Philippines is an archipelago of about 7000 islands, with an area about the size of England, situated just above the equator in Southeast Asia. It has a population of 70 million. The Philippines has had extensive commercial and social contact with Asian neighbors, specifically the Chinese, even before the 377 years of Spanish colonization from 1521 to 1898 and the 48 years of American rule from 1898 to 1946. More than 80% of Filipinos are Catholics; the rest are Muslims and Protestants of various denominations, including those who belong to Filipino church groups. Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, amoebiasis, typhoid fever, and malaria are still prevalent, and arteriosclerosis, cancer, and stroke are common and on the rise.
Subject(s)
General Surgery/education , Curriculum , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , General Surgery/history , Health Maintenance Organizations , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Internship and Residency , Philippines , Research , Schools, Medical , WorkforceABSTRACT
Yellow corn grits (M), brown sorghum (SM), white sorghum (SB) and full fat soy flour (S) blends were extruded in an autogenous Brady Crop Cooker extruder at 195-200 degrees C and 11% moisture content. Binary blends (70:30) made up of M:S, SM:S and SB:S; and ternary blends (30:40:30) made up of SM:M:S and SB:M:S were extruded. Under these conditions, extrudates contained about 19% protein and 6% fat, which are within the specifications given for cereal/oil seed blends. Raw and extruded samples were analyzed for ES, WQI, WSI, MD and paste viscosity. All blends underwent modifications in the starch fraction at granular and molecular level. Brown sorghum extrudates presented higher degradation than those of white sorghum and corn:soy blends, although the last ones gave similar responses to analitical techniques. Extrudates greatly increased their ES, SWI and MD values, suggesting that degradation products, like dextrins, were present. Cooked paste low viscosities (50 degrees C) and micrographs support these findings. Because of their functional characteristics, extrudates could be used in beverages.
Subject(s)
Edible Grain , Food Handling , Food Technology , Glycine max , Zea mays , Dextrins/analysis , Food, Formulated/analysis , Hot TemperatureABSTRACT
Binary sorghum:soy (70:30) and ternary sorghum:corn:soy (30:40:30) blends using high and low tannin content dehulled sorghum were extruded. The effectiveness of heat treatment was determined by protein dispersion index (PDI) and ureasic activity (delta PH), indicating that proteins were denatured and antinutritional factors reduced. The nutritional evaluation supported the fact that samples were adequately treated, giving ternary blends true digestibility (TD) and biological values (BV) similar to milk casein. Blend stabilities, expressed as peroxide index (PI), revealed a low lipid oxidation rate during the first seven months, and were acceptable up to a year of storage. Extrudates with incorporated sorghum cover protein and energy demands of the growing infant, and provide a high nutritional value and long-life product.
Subject(s)
Edible Grain , Food Preservation , Food Technology , Food, Formulated , Glycine max , Animals , Child , Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Female , Food, Formulated/analysis , Hot Temperature , Humans , Male , Nutritive Value , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
The efficiency of the dehulling process of sorghum grain was studied in a laboratory abrasive stone mill. Residual tannins as tannic acid and cathequin equivalent, as well as color measurements of the product were determined as control parameters of the procedure. Besides, fiber, ash and fat contents as well as other variables were evaluated. Assays were performed at three stone speeds and at different operation times. According to the results obtained, a stone speed of 1,700 rpm and a 12-minute period, are the best operating conditions, while measurements of color of the product constitute the best method for controlling the dehulling process.
Subject(s)
Edible Grain , Food Technology , Tannins/analysis , Edible Grain/analysis , Hydrolyzable Tannins/analysis , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A study was carried out wherein two dry dehulling sorghum grain methods, the continuous and discontinuous types, were quantitatively compared in a laboratory abrasive dehulling device. Reflectance values, expressed as dehulling percentage, the percentage of kernels removed, and of kernel cracking were evaluated. Graphs of the dehulled and removed percentages as function of the contrast time for each method, revealed that the continuous process was the most efficient of both procedures. Analysis of the broken kernels indicated a similar behavior for both methods. The macrocomponent and tannin variations as dehulling advanced, as well as the reflectance values were determined with the continuous method. Findings showed that the greater proportion of tannin, fiber and ashes has been removed at the 85% extraction rate. Thus, abrasion of grains above the 65% extraction rate is not convenient, since an excessive loss of nutrients is produced without any important decrease in polyphenolic pigments and of those imparting color to the sorghum grain milling products.
