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1.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(10): 633-638, dic. 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-158735

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMIENTO Y OBJETIVO: En la Comunidad de Madrid se incluyó la vacuna frente a varicela en el calendario infantil en noviembre del 2006 a los 15 meses de edad. Dicha recomendación se retiró en enero del 2014. Se estima la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente al virus tras los 2-3 primeros años desde la inclusión de la vacuna y su evolución desde 1999. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transversal. La población diana son los residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid entre 2 y 60 años. La medición de anticuerpos IgG se realizó mediante técnicas de ELISA. Se estima la seroprevalencia según características sociodemográficas mediante regresión logística múltiple. Los resultados se comparan con encuestas previas. Asimismo, se presentan la seroprevalencia y la media geométrica de anticuerpos según el estado vacunal y los antecedentes de la enfermedad. El nivel de confianza utilizado es del 95%. RESULTADOS: Participaron 4.378 sujetos, con una tasa de respuesta del 69%. La seroprevalencia estimada es del 95,3% (IC del 95%, 94,6%-95,9%). Más del 90% de los niños a partir de los 10 años de edad presentan anticuerpos. La seroprevalencia fue mayor en personas con menor nivel educativo. La seroprevalencia de inmunidad vacunal supera el 90% en el primer año tras la vacunación pero en el segundo año desciende hasta el 82,6% (IC del 95%, 56,0-94,7). Se encontraron diferencias significativas con las encuestas anteriores atribuibles a la vacunación universal. DISCUSIÓN: Es necesario continuar la vigilancia epidemiológica para valorar el impacto de la retirada de la recomendación de vacunar a los 15 meses de edad


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In November 2006, the Community of Madrid included the chickenpox vaccine into the immunisation schedule for children from 15 months of age. This was withdrawn in January 2014. Seroprevalence of antibodies to the virus is estimated after the first 2-3 years from the inclusion of the vaccine, and as well as its evolution since 1999. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the target population consisting of residents in the Community of Madrid between 2 and 60 years of age. Measurement of IgG antibodies was performed using an ELISA technique. Seroprevalence was estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics using multiple logistic regressions. The results are compared with previous surveys. Also, the seroprevalence and geometric mean of the antibody according immunisation status and history of the disease are presented. The confidence level used is 95%. RESULTS: A total of 4,378 subjects were included, with a response rate of 69%. The estimated seroprevalence was 95.3% (95% CI: 94.6% - 95.9%). Over 90% of children from the age of 10 have antibodies. The seroprevalence was higher in people with less education. The seroprevalence of immunity vaccine exceeds 90% in the first year after vaccination, but in the second year decreased to 82.6% (95% CI 56.0 - 94.7). Significant differences, attributable to universal vaccination, were found compared to previous surveys. DISCUSSION: Continued surveillance is needed in order to assess the impact of the withdrawal of the recommendation to vaccinate at 15 months


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Herpesvirus 3, Human/isolation & purification , Herpes Zoster/immunology , Herpes Zoster Vaccine/administration & dosage , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiologic Surveillance Services
2.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 34(10): 633-638, 2016 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26860417

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In November 2006, the Community of Madrid included the chickenpox vaccine into the immunisation schedule for children from 15 months of age. This was withdrawn in January 2014. Seroprevalence of antibodies to the virus is estimated after the first 2-3 years from the inclusion of the vaccine, and as well as its evolution since 1999. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the target population consisting of residents in the Community of Madrid between 2 and 60 years of age. Measurement of IgG antibodies was performed using an ELISA technique. Seroprevalence was estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics using multiple logistic regressions. The results are compared with previous surveys. Also, the seroprevalence and geometric mean of the antibody according immunisation status and history of the disease are presented. The confidence level used is 95%. RESULTS: A total of 4,378 subjects were included, with a response rate of 69%. The estimated seroprevalence was 95.3% (95% CI: 94.6% - 95.9%). Over 90% of children from the age of 10 have antibodies. The seroprevalence was higher in people with less education. The seroprevalence of immunity vaccine exceeds 90% in the first year after vaccination, but in the second year decreased to 82.6% (95% CI 56.0 - 94.7). Significant differences, attributable to universal vaccination, were found compared to previous surveys. DISCUSSION: Continued surveillance is needed in order to assess the impact of the withdrawal of the recommendation to vaccinate at 15 months.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Chickenpox Vaccine/immunology , Herpesvirus 3, Human/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Chickenpox Vaccine/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Immunization Schedule , Infant , Middle Aged , Seroepidemiologic Studies
3.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 130(2): 51-3, 2008 Jan 26.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18221673

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The availability of antipneumococcal vaccines makes it necessary to go deeply into the knowledge of pneumococcal disease. This study aims at describing the magnitude and incidence of pneumococcal disease in the Region of Madrid from 1998 to 2006. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study of Computerized Hospital Discharge Data registered from 1998 to 2006. Incidence per 100,000 inhabitants and lethality were calculated. Temporal evolution was analyzed. RESULTS: 20,813 cases of pneumococcal disease were registered (annual average incidence 41.87/100,000 inhabitants). Incidence was 40.65 for pneumoniae and 0.77 for meningitis. People over 64 years old (185.04) and under 1 year of age (67.22) showed the highest incidence. Lethality was 10.1% (15.8% for meningitis). Incidence in 2004--2006 was lower than 1998--2000 (before the introduction of conjugate vaccine). Incidence trend has declined slightly. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence is higher than that shown by other studies. Selected source of data can explain this difference, since our data included suspected cases. However, pneumococcal meningitis incidence is similar to that described by others.


Subject(s)
Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Meningitis, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Pneumococcal Infections/mortality , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology
4.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 130(2): 51-53, ene. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058490

ABSTRACT

Fundamento y objetivo: La disponibilidad de vacunas antineumocócicas hace necesario profundizar en el conocimiento de la enfermedad neumocócica. El objetivo del estudio ha sido describir la magnitud y la evolución de la enfermedad por Streptococcus pneumoniae en la Comunidad de Madrid durante 1998-2006. Material y método: Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos de Altas Hospitalarias en el período 1998-2006. Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia por 100.000 habitantes y la letalidad, y se analizó la evolución temporal. Resultados: En el período estudiado se registraron 20.813 casos de enfermedad neumocócica (incidencia media anual: 41,87 casos/ 100.000 habitantes). La incidencia fue de 40,65 para neumonía y de 0,77 para meningitis. La mayor incidencia se presentó en personas mayores de 64 años (185,04) y en menores de 1 año (67,22). La letalidad fue del 10,1% (el 15,8% para meningitis). La incidencia fue menor en 2004-2006 que en 1998-2000 (antes de la autorización de la vacuna conjugada). La evolución de la incidencia muestra una ligera tendencia descendente. Conclusiones: La incidencia obtenida es superior a la de algunos estudios debido a que se incluyen sospechas clínicas. La incidencia de meningitis es similar a la descrita


Background and objective: The availability of antipneumococcal vaccines makes it necessary to go deeply into the knowledge of pneumococcal disease. This study aims at describing the magnitude and incidence of pneumococcal disease in the Region of Madrid from 1998 to 2006. Material and method: Retrospective study of Computerized Hospital Discharge Data registered from 1998 to 2006. Incidence per 100,000 inhabitants and lethality were calculated. Temporal evolution was analyzed. Results: 20,813 cases of pneumococcal disease were registered (annual average incidence 41.87/100,000 inhabitants). Incidence was 40.65 for pneumoniae and 0.77 for meningitis. People over 64 years old (185.04) and under 1 year of age (67.22) showed the highest incidence. Lethality was 10.1% (15.8% for meningitis). Incidence in 2004-2006 was lower than 1998-2000 (before the introduction of conjugate vaccine). Incidence trend has declined slightly. Conclusions: The incidence is higher than that shown by other studies. Selected source of data can explain this difference, since our data included suspected cases. However, pneumococcal meningitis incidence is similar to that described by others


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology , Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity , Cohort Studies , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Retrospective Studies , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Meningitis, Pneumococcal/epidemiology
5.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 81(6): 597-604, nov.-dic. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-74819

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: La inmigración desde países de alta prevalenciade tuberculosis hacia otros más desarrollados afecta a la evoluciónglobal de la tuberculosis en los últimos años. El objetivode este estudio fue describir la influencia de los casos de tuberculosisen personas extranjeras sobre la incidencia de la enfermedaden la Comunidad de Madrid en el período 1996 a 2004.Métodos: Los datos procedían del Registro Regional deCasos de Tuberculosis, y del padrón de 1996 y los padronescontinuos de 1998 a 2004. Se estimó la incidencia de tuberculosissegún país de origen desde 1996 a 2004, por sexo y gruposde edad. Se calcularon c2 para tendencia lineal, razones deincidencia y proporción de casos en personas extranjeras.Resultados: La incidencia de tuberculosis pasó de 34,3casos por 105 habitantes en 1996 a 16,9 casos por 105 habitantesen 2004. Para los nacidos en España cambió de 33,2 casospor 105 habitantes en 1996 a 12,7 casos por 105 habitantes en2004, y para los extranjeros de 50,5 casos por 105 habitantesen 1996 a 42,9 casos por 105 habitantes en 2004. La razón dela incidencia entre extranjeros y españoles fue superior a 1 entodos los años, con valor máximo en 2003, en el que se detectaron4,2 casos en extranjeros por cada caso en españoles (IC95% 3,7-4,7). El porcentaje de casos extranjeros pasó del 5,2%en 1996 al 35,1% en 2004.Conclusiones: La incidencia de tuberculosis en extranjerosfue mayor que entre los españoles y no disminuyó significativamenteen el período 1996-2004, lo que está contribuyendoa que la tuberculosis se haya estabilizado. Esta situación ylas características de esta población han de ser tenidas en cuentaen los esfuerzos para el control de esta enfermedad(AU)


Backgound: Immigration from countries having a highprevalence of tuberculosis to other more highly-developedcountries has a bearing on the overall evolution of tuberculosisin the latter. This study is aimed at describing the influenceof the cases of tuberculosis among foreign individuals onthe incidence of this disease in the Autonomous Community ofMadrid during the 1996-2004 period.Methods: The data was taken from the Regional TuberculosisCase Registry and from the 1996 census and the continuouscensuses from 1998 to 2004. The tuberculosis incidencewas estimated by country of origin from 1996 to 2004, bygender and by age groups. A calculation was made of the c2for the linear trend, reasons for incidence and proportion ofcases among foreign individuals.Results: The incidence of tuberculosis went from 34.3cases per105 inhabitants in 1996 to 16.9 cases per105 inhabitantsin 2004. For those born in Spain, it changed from 33.2cases per 105 inhabitants in 1996 to 12.7 cases per 105 inhabitantsin 2004; and for foreign individuals, from 50.5 casesper 105 inhabitants in 1996 to 42.9 cases per 105 inhabitantsin 2004. The reason for the incidence between foreign andSpanish individuals was greater than 1 for all years, the maximumfigure having been in 2003, when 4.2 cases were detectedamong foreigners for every case among Spanish individuals(95% CI 3.7-4.7). The percentage of foreign cases wentfrom 5.2% in 1996 to 35.1% in 2004.Conclusions: The incidence of tuberculosis among foreignerswas greater than among Spanish individuals and did notsignificantly decrease in the 1996-2004 period, which is contributingto tuberculosis having stabilized. This situation andthe characteristics of this population must be taken intoaccount in the efforts for controlling this disease(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Spain/epidemiology , Mandatory Reporting , Disease Prevention
6.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 74(4): 397-403, jul. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-9691

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: En el año 1997 (entre el 22 de septiembre y el 14 de noviembre) se efectuó una campaña de vacunación antimeningocócica A+C en la Comunidad de Madrid, en el grupo de edad de 18 meses a 19 años, ante el aumento del número de casos de enfermedad meningocócica por serogrupo C presentado en la temporada 1996-97. Este estudio forma parte de la evaluación de dicha campaña. MÉTODOS: Se ha valorado la evolución de la incidencia de la enfermedad meningocócica, mediante la comparación de tasas; y se ha determinado la efectividad de la vacunación al año (temporada 1997-98) y a los dos años (temporadas 1997-98 y 1998-99) de seguimiento. La efectividad vacunal se ha calculado como (1-(Tasa en vacunados/Tasa en no vacunados))*100. RESULTADOS: Se ha producido un descenso significativo en la incidencia de enfermedad meningocócica por serogrupo C al comparar las temporadas 1997-98 y 1998-99 con la temporada epidémica (1996-97). La efectividad vacunal a los dos años de seguimiento tras la campaña de vacunación ha sido de un 76,9 por ciento para la población global de 18 meses a 19 años y de un 88,5 por ciento en el grupo de vacunados entre 15 y 19 años. CONCLUSIONES: La efectividad vacunal obtenida es compatible con lo descrito en la literatura. La disminución significativa de la incidencia de enfermedad meningocócica por serogrupo C ha sido debida a la efectividad vacunal obtenida (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Infant , Humans , Disease Outbreaks , Spain , Incidence , Age Distribution , Neisseria meningitidis , Meningococcal Infections , Meningococcal Vaccines
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