A new Apache Spark-based framework for big data streaming forecasting in IoT networks.

Analyzing time-dependent data acquired in a continuous flow is a major challenge for various fields, such as big data and machine learning. Being able to analyze a large volume of data from various sources, such as sensors, networks, and the internet, is essential for improving the efficiency of our society's production processes. Additionally, this vast amount of data is collected dynamically in a continuous stream. The goal of this research is to provide a comprehensive framework for forecasting big data streams from Internet of Things networks and serve as a guide for designing and deploying other third-party solutions. Hence, a new framework for time series forecasting in a big data streaming scenario, using data collected from Internet of Things networks, is presented. This framework comprises of five main modules: Internet of Things network design and deployment, big data streaming architecture, stream data modeling method, big data forecasting method, and a comprehensive real-world application scenario, consisting of a physical Internet of Things network feeding the big data streaming architecture, being the linear regression the algorithm used for illustrative purposes. Comparison with other frameworks reveals that this is the first framework that incorporates and integrates all the aforementioned modules.

TRIQ: a new method to evaluate triclusters.

BACKGROUND: Triclustering has shown to be a valuable tool for the analysis of microarray data since its appearance as an improvement of classical clustering and biclustering techniques. The standard for validation of triclustering is based on three different measures: correlation, graphic similarity of the patterns and functional annotations for the genes extracted from the Gene Ontology project (GO). RESULTS: We propose TRIQ, a single evaluation measure that combines the three measures previously described: correlation, graphic validation and functional annotation, providing a single value as result of the validation of a tricluster solution and therefore simplifying the steps inherent to research of comparison and selection of solutions. TRIQ has been applied to three datasets already studied and evaluated with single measures based on correlation, graphic similarity and GO terms. Triclusters have been extracted from this three datasets using two different algorithms: TriGen and OPTricluster. CONCLUSIONS: TRIQ has successfully provided the same results as a the three single evaluation measures. Furthermore, we have applied TRIQ to results from another algorithm, OPTRicluster, and we have shown how TRIQ has been a valid tool to compare results from different algorithms in a quantitative straightforward manner. Therefore, it appears as a valid measure to represent and summarize the quality of tricluster solutions. It is also feasible for evaluation of non biological triclusters, due to the parametrization of each component of TRIQ.

MSL: A Measure to Evaluate Three-dimensional Patterns in Gene Expression Data.

Microarray technology is highly used in biological research environments due to its ability to monitor the RNA concentration levels. The analysis of the data generated represents a computational challenge due to the characteristics of these data. Clustering techniques are widely applied to create groups of genes that exhibit a similar behavior. Biclustering relaxes the constraints for grouping, allowing genes to be evaluated only under a subset of the conditions. Triclustering appears for the analysis of longitudinal experiments in which the genes are evaluated under certain conditions at several time points. These triclusters provide hidden information in the form of behavior patterns from temporal experiments with microarrays relating subsets of genes, experimental conditions, and time points. We present an evaluation measure for triclusters called Multi Slope Measure, based on the similarity among the angles of the slopes formed by each profile formed by the genes, conditions, and times of the tricluster.

Mining 3D patterns from gene expression temporal data: a new tricluster evaluation measure.

Microarrays have revolutionized biotechnological research. The analysis of new data generated represents a computational challenge due to the characteristics of these data. Clustering techniques are applied to create groups of genes that exhibit a similar behavior. Biclustering emerges as a valuable tool for microarray data analysis since it relaxes the constraints for grouping, allowing genes to be evaluated only under a subset of the conditions. However, if a third dimension appears in the data, triclustering is the appropriate tool for the analysis. This occurs in longitudinal experiments in which the genes are evaluated under conditions at several time points. All clustering, biclustering, and triclustering techniques guide their search for solutions by a measure that evaluates the quality of clusters. We present an evaluation measure for triclusters called Mean Square Residue 3D. This measure is based on the classic biclustering measure Mean Square Residue. Mean Square Residue 3D has been applied to both synthetic and real data and it has proved to be capable of extracting groups of genes with homogeneous patterns in subsets of conditions and times, and these groups have shown a high correlation level and they are also related to their functional annotations extracted from the Gene Ontology project.