Diferencias según el género en el perfil clínico de riesgo del paciente amputado de miembro inferior.

OBJETIVO: Analizar las diferencias según el sexo en el perfil clínico de riesgo de los pacientes amputados de miembro inferior por causa no traumática. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo con 697 pacientes amputados de miembro inferior por causa no traumática, en un Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, durante un periodo de 5 años y divididos en función del sexo. Se analizaron variables demográficas (edad) y clínicas (causa, comorbilidad, factores de riesgo cardiovascular y nivel de amputación). RESULTADOS: La edad media (± desviación estándar) de las mujeres fue mayor (75.3 ± 12 frente a 68.9 ± 11 años; p < 0.001) y ellas presentaron mayor frecuencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular concomitantes, tales como diabetes, hipertensión y obesidad, que los varones, mientras que ellos presentaron mayor frecuencia de tabaquismo. No hubo diferencia significativa entre sexos respecto a la distribución de las causas de amputación, siendo la principal causa la isquémica, destacando la arteriosclerosis. Las mujeres presentaron mayor frecuencia y predisposición para un nivel de amputación mayor. CONCLUSIONES: En nuestro estudio, las mujeres presentaron un perfil de riesgo cardiovascular más desfavorable y el sexo femenino fue un predictor independiente de amputación mayor de miembro inferior por causa no traumática. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the possible gender differences within the clinical risk profile of lower-limb amputee patients who had a non-traumatic amputation. METHOD: A retrospective study with 697 lower-limb amputee patients, classified according to their gender, has been conducted at the Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department for 5 years. The variables considered were demographic variables (age and gender) and clinic variables (cause of the amputation, comorbidity, cardiovascular risk factors and the amputation level). RESULTS: Regarding to the results, the average of women was older than men (75.3 ± 12 vs. 68.9 ± 11 years; p < 0.001), showing an increasing frequency to concomitant cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. However, men present a higher frequency to smoking. There were no gender differences in the main cause of the amputation, the ischemic cause, being notably into this cause the subgroup of arteriosclerosis cause. Women showed a higher frequency and predisposition for major amputation. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that women had a more unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile than men, being the female gender an independent predictor to a major lower-limb amputation with non-traumatic amputation.

Bifidobacterium adolescentis (DSM 20083) and Lactobacillus casei (Lafti L26-DSL): Probiotics Able to Block the In Vitro Adherence of Rotavirus in MA104 Cells.

Rotavirus is the leading worldwide cause of gastroenteritis in children under five years of age. Even though there are some available vaccines to prevent the disease, there are limited strategies for challenging diarrhea induced by rotavirus infection. For this reason, researchers are constantly searching for other approaches to control diarrhea by means of probiotics. In order to demonstrate the ability of some probiotic bacteria to interfere with the in vitro rotavirus infection in MA104 cells, strains of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. were tested in MA104 cells before the viral infection. As a preliminary assay, a blocking effect treatment was performed with viable bacteria. In this screening assay, four of initial ten bacteria showed a slight reduction of the viral infection (measured by percentage of infection). L. casei (Lafti L26-DSL), L. fermentum(ATCC 9338), B. adolescentis (DSM 20083), and B. bifidum (ATCC 11863) were used in further experiments. Three different treatments were tested in order to evaluate protein-based metabolites obtained from mentioned bacteria: (i) cell exposure to the protein-based metabolites before viral infection, (ii) exposure to protein-based metabolites after viral infection, and (iii) co-incubation of the virus and protein-based metabolites before viral infection to the cell culture. The best effect performed by protein-based metabolites was observed during the co-incubation assay of the virus and protein-based metabolites before adding them into the cell culture. The results showed 25 and 37% of infection in the presence of L. casei and B. adolescentis respectively. These results suggest that the antiviral effect may be occurring directly with the viral particle instead of making a blocking effect of the cellular receptors that are needed for the viral entrance.

Acute Respiratory Infection by Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a Population of Older Adults in Colombia / Infección respiratoria aguda por Chlamydophila pneumoniae y Mycoplasma pneumoniae en una población de adultos mayores en Colombia

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a heterogeneous group of viral and bacterial respiratory pathologies including Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CP) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) that are not routinely identified; these infections in the older adults have mortality rates 3 to 5 times higher than that recorded in other age groups. Methods: this study was conducted prospectively to determine the proportion of atypical bacterial pathogens in older adults with ARI in Bogotá. Microbiological diagnosis was determined by real-time PCR (qPCR) in samples of respiratory origin and serology for antibodies IgG, IgA and IgM to MP and CP. Results: A total of 71 patients were enrolled from 2012 to 2013. Upper respiratory infections were diagnosed in the 69% of patients and lower respiratory infections in 31%. MP was identified in 9.8% and CP in 8.5%. Conclusions: these findings indicated that CP and MP must be viewed as a significant etiological agent of ARI in older adults in Bogotá.

Introducción: La infección respiratoria aguda (IRA) es un grupo heterogéneo de patologías respiratorias de etiología viral y bacteriana que incluye Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CP) y Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), que no son identificados de manera rutinaria, y en el adulto mayor presentan tasas de mortalidad 3-5 veces mayores que las registradas en otros grupos etarios. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo para determinar la proporción de patógenos bacterianos atípicos en los adultos mayores con IRA, en Bogotá. El diagnóstico microbiológico se determinó mediante PCR en tiempo real (qPCR) en muestras de origen respiratorio y serología para anticuerpos IgG, IgA e IgM frente a MP y CP. Resultados: Un total de 71 pacientes fueron incluidos entre 2012 y 2013. Las infecciones respiratorias superiores fueron diagnosticadas en el 69 % de los pacientes y las infecciones del tracto respiratorio inferior en un 31 %. MP fue identificado en el 9,8 % y el 8,5 % en CP. Conclusiones: Estos resultados indican que CP y MP son agentes etiológicos importantes de infecciones respiratorias agudas en los adultos mayores en Bogotá.

Identification of human Norovirus (HNoV) in domestic pig stool samples / Identificación de Norovirus Humano (HNoV) en muestras de estiércol de cerdos domésticos / Identificação de Norovírus Humano (HNoV) em amostras de suínos domésticos

Identificación de Norovirus Humano (HNoV) en muestras de estiércol de cerdos domésticos. Objetivo: determinar la presencia de NoVs como posible agente zoonótico causal de diarrea aguda entre cerdos y humanos. Materiales y métodos: se recolectaron un total de 77 muestras diarreicas provenientes de niños menores de cinco años y de cerdos menores de dos meses de la población La Chamba en el Tolima, Colombia. Estas muestras fueron transportadas al Laboratorio de Virología de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana en Bogotá, donde inicialmente se les realizó extracción con Trizol-reagent, siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante. Una vez obtenido el RNA, el siguiente paso fue hacer la RT-PCR para obtener el producto de amplificacion esperado para NoVs de 213 pb. Finalmente, las muestras positivas obtenidas en la RT-PCR fueron secuenciadas y analizadas mediante métodos bioinformáticos. Resultados: se obtuvieron seis muestras positivas de diarrea de niños y una muestra positiva de diarrea de cerdos, las cuales se evidenciaron en una banda de 231 pb. Cinco de las seis muestras positivas en niños y la muestra positiva en cerdos fueron secuenciadas y analizadas. Conclusiones: dada la estrecha relación genética que se evidencia entre las secuencias del cerdo y el humano, este podría ser un indicio de que exista la posibilidad de un animal en común como reservorio para cepas de humano u otras cepas de animales...

Objective. To determine the presence of NoVs as a possible causal zoonotic agent of acute diarrhea in pigs and humans. Materials and methods. We collected a total of 77 samples from diarrheal children under 5 years and pigs under 2 months from La Chamba town in Tolima, Colombia. These samples were transported to the Laboratory of Virology of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá, and extraction with Trizol-reagent was done following the manufacturer’s instructions. After obtaining the RNA, the next step was to perform RT-PCR for obtaining the expected amplification product of 213- bp NoVs. Finally, the positive samples obtained in the RT-PCR were sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics methods. Results. Six positive diarrheic samples from children and a positive diarrheic sample from pigs were detected by a band of 231 bp. Five of the six positive samples in children and the positive pig sample were sequenced and analyzed. Conclusion. Given the close genetic relationship between pig and human sequences, this could be an indication of the potential existence of a common animal acting as a reservoir for human or other animal strains...

Identificação de Norovírus Humano (HNoV) em amostras de suínos domésticos. Objetivo. Determinar a presença de NoVs como possível agente zoonótico causal de diarréia aguda entre porcos e seres humanos. Materiais e métodos. Foram coletadas um total de 77 amostras de crianças diarréicas menores de cinco anos e porcos com menos de dois meses da população “La Chamba” Tolima-Colômbia. Estas amostras foram transportadas ao laboratório de virologia da Pontifícia Universidade Javeriana - Bogotá, onde foram inicialmente submetidas à extração com Trizol reagment e seguindo as instruções do fabricante, após a obtenção do RNA o próximo passo foi realizar a RT-PCR para obter o produto de amplificação esperado para NoVs de 213 bp. Finalmente as amostras positivas obtidas no RT-PCR foram seqüenciadas e analisadas por métodos de bioinformática. Resultados. Foram obtidas seis amostras positivas de diarréia nas crianças e uma amostra positiva de diarréia em suínos, as que foram representadas em uma banda de 231 pb. Cinco das seis amostras positivas em crianças e a amostra positiva em suínos foram seqüenciadas e analisadas. Conclusões. Dada a estreita relação genética que se manifesta entre as seqüências de suínos e humanos, isso poderia ser uma indicação de que existe a possibilidade de um animal comum como reservatório para o humano ou outras cepas de animais...