ABSTRACT
The objective of the present study was the standardization of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1989), adapted and validated by Martín-Albo et al. (2007) in the Spanish population at the secondary education stage. The sample consisted of 25,706 students, selected randomly. The analysis of the data obtained indicated an adequate factorial structure of the instrument and its invariance by sex. For a better adaptation of the scale, a division of the test was carried out according to the self-deprecation and self-confidence variables. The scales indicated an increase in self-confidence across both sexes with increasing age, but the girls scores were lower than the boys at all ages. The present research provides a self-esteem scale for Spanish adolescents through an assessment instrument that is easily applicable and accessible for the educational community. (AU)
El objetivo de la presente investigación ha sido la estandarización de la Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1989), adaptada y validada por Martín-Albo et al. (2007) en la población española de la etapa de educación secundaria. La muestra constaba de 25,706 alumnos, elegidos aleatoriamente. El análisis de los datos obtenidos indica que tiene una adecuada estructura factorial e invarianza por sexo. Para una mejor adecuación de la baremación se realizó una división de la prueba en las variables autodesprecio y autoconfianza. Los baremos indican que la autoconfianza en ambos géneros mejora a medida que aumenta la edad, siendo las puntuaciones de las chicas menores que las de los chicos en todas las edades. La investigación aporta una escala de autoestima para los adolescentes españoles mediante un instrumento de evaluación fácilmente aplicable y accesible para la comunidad educativa. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Self Concept , Reference Standards , Spain , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue explorar el estado psíquico de profesores de educación primaria de varios centros públicos y concertados de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se evaluó la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva y el síndrome de burnout, mediante la Escala HADS y el Cuestionario de Burnout del Profesorado. Los resultados indicaron que, aunque los docentes de colegios concertados reportan más sintomatología ansiosa, los profesores de colegios públicos presentan mayor presencia del síndrome de burnout en las escalas de cuestiones organizacionales, supervisión y reconocimiento. Se evidencia que los profesores de educación primaria son profesionales de alto riesgo, a pesar de que los estudios se han centrado mayoritariamente en educación secundaria.
Abstract The study objective was to explore the psychic state of Primary Education teachers of several public and concerted centers of the community of Madrid. We evaluated anxiety and depression symptoms and burnout syndrome using the HADS scale and the Burnout Questionnaire of teachers. The results indicated that, although concerted schools teachers report more symptoms anxious, teachers of public schools have a greater presence of the Burnout syndrome in the scales of organizational issues, supervision and recognition. It is evident that the primary education teachers are high-risk professionals, despite the fact that the studies have focused mainly in Secondary Education.
Subject(s)
School Teachers , Anxiety , SpainABSTRACT
Menopause is associated with a considerable variety of physical, psychological and social symptoms that can be treated using cognitive-behavioral techniques. In the present study, 21 women took part in an eight-week group intervention consisting of weekly two-hour sessions to address their slight symptoms related to the climacteric stage of life. The intervention included: psycho education on menopause, relaxation techniques, nutrition and fitness exercises, Kegel exercises, and problem solving techniques. A control group was included that did not receive treatment and consisted of 28 women. The results revealed a significant reduction in most symptoms (including depression and anxiety) after intervention as compared to the baseline period. No changes appeared in the control group. The relevance of this work lies in the potential element of prevention this therapeutic package could offer to relieve various symptoms, slight and incipient, during the perimenopausal stage (AU)
La menopausia aparece asociada a una importante variedad de síntomas físicos, psicológicos y sociales, susceptibles de ser tratados mediante técnicas cognitivo-conductuales. En este trabajo, 21 mujeres recibieron una intervención grupal de ocho sesiones semanales de dos horas para tratar la sintomatología leve relacionada con la etapa climatérica. La intervención incluía: psicoeducación en menopausia, técnicas de desactivación, entrenamiento en nutrición y ejercicio físico, ejercicios de Kegel y técnicas de solución de problemas. 28 mujeres constituyeron el grupo control, que no recibió tratamiento. Los resultados muestran una reducción significativa de la sintomatología asociada en todas las variables estudiadas (incluyendo depresión y ansiedad), con respecto al periodo de línea base, cambios que, por el contrario, no se observan en el grupo control. La relevancia del trabajo radica en el posible componente preventivo de este paquete terapéutico para diversos síntomas, todavía leves e incipientes, de la etapa perimenopáusica (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Menopause/psychology , Premenopause/psychology , Pilot Projects , Behavioral Symptoms/psychology , Depression/psychology , Anxiety/psychology , Memory Disorders/psychology , Signs and Symptoms , Signs and Symptoms/methods , Climacteric/psychology , Menopause, Premature/psychology , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/psychology , Libido/physiology , Mental Fatigue/psychology , Depressive Disorder/psychologyABSTRACT
Para un porcentaje elevado de mujeres, la menopausia se asocia a una importante variedad de síntomas físicos, psicológicos y sociales, susceptibles de ser tratados mediante técnicas cognitivo-conductuales. En el presente trabajo, 28 mujeres siguieron una intervención grupal de ocho sesiones semanales, de dos horas por sesión, que incluía psicoeducación, técnicas de desactivación, técnicas cognitivas, ejercicio y dieta. Los resultados muestran una reducción significativa de síntomas vasomotores, mialgias, ansiedad y depresión y un incremento en la calidad de vida en el grupo tratado, respecto al período de línea base como al grupo control (AU)
For a high percentage of women, menopause is associated with an important variety of physical, psychological, and social symptoms, susceptible to treatment by means of cognitive-behavioral techniques. In the present work, 28 women followed a group intervention (eight weekly sessions, two hours each, including relaxation, cognitive techniques, exercise, and diet). Results show a significant reduction of most of the associated symptoms (physical and psychological), and an increase in quality of life in the treatment group, compared to baseline and to the control group (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Menopause/psychology , Psychotherapy, Group/methods , Evaluation of Results of Therapeutic Interventions , Case-Control Studies , Quality of Life , Anxiety/therapy , Depression/therapy , Myalgia/therapyABSTRACT
For a high percentage of women, menopause is associated with an important variety of physical, psychological, and social symptoms, susceptible to treatment by means of cognitive-behavioral techniques. In the present work, 28 women followed a group intervention (eight weekly sessions, two hours each, including relaxation, cognitive techniques, exercise, and diet). Results show a significant reduction of most of the associated symptoms (physical and psychological), and an increase in quality of life in the treatment group, compared to baseline and to the control group.
