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1.
Cir Cir ; 86(1): 24-32, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30951045

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Low back pain is defined as pain in the upper portion of T12 and below the crease of the buttocks and functional limitation. The prevalence of low back pain gradually increases 11.4% per year. In Mexico, the clinical practice guidelines are not followed in handling low back pain, so it is important to systematize medical care more efficient, since resources are scarce. The first level doctor must meet the benchmarks according to patient need, an incomplete anamnesis is performed, inadequate physical examination, misinterpretation of clinical studies, misdiagnosis, ineffective management, and reference to second or third level not justified. OBJECTIVE: To provide recommendations for the implementation of syndromic diagnosis, management of adult carriers of low back pain, and correct reference. Implementation of clinical practice guidelines for low back pain syndrome consists of an assessment of the patient by way of "verification", which evaluates certain signs of symptoms, with a total of 37 items for rating, including the sections of clinical symptomatology, AP X-ray, lateral X-ray, sagittal (optional) and axial magnetic resonance imaging (optional), and pain type. Oriented data quickly and easily, from first contact to a syndromic diagnosis in patients with low back pain.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La lumbalgia se define como el dolor en el área de la porción superior de T12 e inferior al pliegue de los glúteos, y además limitación funcional. La prevalencia de la lumbalgia va aumentando un 11.4% por año. En México no se siguen las guías de práctica clínica en el manejo de las lumbalgias, por lo que es importante sistematizar la atención médica para eficientizar, ya que cada vez los recursos son más escasos. El médico de primer nivel debe conocer los criterios de referencia según la necesidad del paciente. Se realizan una anamnesis incompleta, una exploración física inadecuada, una mala interpretación de los estudios de gabinete, un diagnóstico equivocado, un manejo ineficaz y la referencia a segundo o tercer nivel no justificada. OBJETIVO: Proporcionar recomendaciones para la realización del diagnóstico sindrómico, el manejo de los adultos portadores de lumbalgia y su correcta referencia. La aplicación de las guías de práctica clínica para el síndrome doloroso lumbar consta de una evaluación del paciente a manera de «verificación¼, en la que se evalúan determinados signos o síntomas, con un total de 37 ítems por calificar, incluyendo los apartados de sintomatología clínica, radiografía anteroposterior, radiografía lateral, resonancia magnética sagital (opcional) y axial (opcional), y tipo de dolor. Estos datos orientan de manera rápida y sencilla, desde el primer contacto, a un diagnóstico sindrómico en el paciente con lumbalgia.


Subject(s)
Low Back Pain/diagnosis , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Algorithms , Female , Guideline Adherence , Humans , Male
2.
Cir Cir ; 86(1): 29-37, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29681630

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Low back pain is defined as pain in the upper portion of T12 and below the crease of the buttocks and functional limitation. The prevalence of low back pain gradually increases 11.4% per year. In Mexico, the clinical practice guidelines are not followed in handling low back pain, so it is important to systematize medical care more efficient, since resources are scarce. The first level doctor must meet the benchmarks according to patient need, an incomplete anamnesis is performed, inadequate physical examination, misinterpretation of clinical studies, misdiagnosis, ineffective management, and reference to second or third level not justified. Objective: To provide recommendations for the implementation of syndromic diagnosis, management of adult carriers of low back pain, and correct reference. Implementation of clinical practice guidelines for low back pain syndrome consists of an assessment of the patient by way of "verification", which evaluates certain signs of symptoms, with a total of 37 items for rating, including the sections of clinical symptomatology, AP X-ray, lateral X-ray, sagittal (optional) and axial magnetic resonance imaging (optional), and pain type. Oriented data quickly and easily, from first contact to a syndromic diagnosis in patients with low back pain.


Introducción: La lumbalgia se define como el dolor en el área de la porción superior de T12 e inferior al pliegue de los glúteos, y además limitación funcional. La prevalencia de la lumbalgia va aumentando un 11.4% por año. En México no se siguen las guías de práctica clínica en el manejo de las lumbalgias, por lo que es importante sistematizar la atención médica para eficientizar, ya que cada vez los recursos son más escasos. El médico de primer nivel debe conocer los criterios de referencia según la necesidad del paciente. Se realizan una anamnesis incompleta, una exploración física inadecuada, una mala interpretación de los estudios de gabinete, un diagnóstico equivocado, un manejo ineficaz y la referencia a segundo o tercer nivel no justificada. Objetivo: Proporcionar recomendaciones para la realización del diagnóstico sindrómico, el manejo de los adultos portadores de lumbalgia y su correcta referencia. La aplicación de las guías de práctica clínica para el síndrome doloroso lumbar consta de una evaluación del paciente a manera de «verificación¼, en la que se evalúan determinados signos o síntomas, con un total de 37 ítems por calificar, incluyendo los apartados de sintomatología clínica, radiografía anteroposterior, radiografía lateral, resonancia magnética sagital (opcional) y axial (opcional), y tipo de dolor. Estos datos orientan de manera rápida y sencilla, desde el primer contacto, a un diagnóstico sindrómico en el paciente con lumbalgia.


Subject(s)
Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Low Back Pain/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Benchmarking , Diagnostic Errors , Disease Management , Efficiency , Female , Humans , Low Back Pain/diagnostic imaging , Low Back Pain/drug therapy , Low Back Pain/epidemiology , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Referral and Consultation , Return to Work , Symptom Assessment , Young Adult
3.
Coluna/Columna ; 14(3): 240-243, July-Sept. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762979

ABSTRACT

The incidence of gunshot wounds to the spine on civilians has increased alarmingly and accounts for 13% to 17% of all traumatic spinal injuries, placing them in third place among the most frequent mechanisms. However, the management of these injuries is still controversial. At present there is little information on the management of these lesions, conservative treatment (non-surgical) being recommended in most publications. Based on the current literature, we propose a procedural protocol aimed at improving the quickness of management, as well as the prognosis of the patient. For this purpose, once the patient is hemodynamically stabilized, the following should be assessed: 1) Stability; 2) Compressive extrusion; 3) Accommodation or not in the discal space, and 4) Contact with CSF. These points are relevant to make the best decision.


A incidência de lesões por arma de fogo na coluna vertebral na população civil aumentou de modo alarmante e elas representam de 13% a 17% de todas as lesões traumáticas da coluna vertebral, o que as coloca em terceiro lugar entre os mecanismos mais frequentes; no entanto, o manejo dessas lesões ainda é controverso. Atualmente, há pouca informação sobre o tratamento dessas lesões, sendo o tratamento conservador (não cirúrgico) recomendado na maioria das publicações. Com base na literatura atual, propomos um protocolo de conduta, que vise melhorar a rapidez dos procedimentos, bem como o prognóstico do paciente. Para esse propósito uma vez que o paciente é estabilizado hemodinamicamente, é preciso avaliar: 1) Estabilidade; 2) Extrusão compressiva; 3) Acomodação ou não no espaço do disco e 4) Se há contato com o LCE. Esses pontos são relevantes para tomar a melhor decisão.


La incidencia de heridas por arma de fuego en la columna vertebral en la población civil, ha aumentado de manera alarmante y representa del 13% al 17% de todas las lesiones traumáticas de la columna, colocándolas en la tercera posición entre los mecanismos más frecuentes, sin embargo el manejo de este tipo de lesiones aun es controversial. En la actualidad se cuenta con poca información sobre el manejo de estas lesiones, siendo el tratamiento conservador (no quirúrgico) recomendado en la mayoría de las publicaciones. Basado en la literatura actual, proponemos un protocolo de actuación, encaminado a mejorar la rapidez en el manejo, así como el pronóstico del paciente.Para este propósito una vez estabilizado el paciente hemodinámicamente, debe de valorarse: 1) Estabilidad; 2) Extrusión compresiva; 3) Alojamiento ó no en el espacio discal y 4) Si existe contacto con LCR. Estos puntos son relevantes para tomar la mejor decisión.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spinal Cord Injuries , Therapeutics , Wounds, Gunshot , Diagnosis
4.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 53(3): 380-5, 2015.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25984625

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is a common, expensive and preventable disease, and the evaluation of the quality of life in patients with the condition widens the scope of the results in their attention. The objective was to evaluate the health related quality of life (HRQL) according to the severity of the COPD. METHODS: Descriptive study. Patients with COPD diagnosis according with the severity and related with the HRQL measured using a specific questionnaire. Statistical analyses were made using c2 or ANOVA in ranks according with the variables. A p value = 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 62 patients were included; 61% women. HRQL questionnaire showed the Activity dimension as the more negatively affected (65 ± 24 points, p < 0.05). In the Impact dimension, severity groups III and IV were more affected compared with groups I and II (p < 0.05). There was a directly correlation between a better FEV1 with better HRQL results (r2-0.544 p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: HRQL is affected and clinically meaningful in patients with a major severity degree of the COPD condition. The parameters that better predicts a worst HRQL was % FEV1 and FVC.


Introducción: la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un padecimiento común, costoso y prevenible, y la medición de la calidad de vida en los pacientes que la padecen amplía el panorama de los resultados de su atención. El objetivo fue comparar la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (CVRS) de acuerdo con el grado de severidad de la EPOC. Métodos: estudio descriptivo. Pacientes con diagnóstico de EPOC clasificado por grado de severidad y relacionado con la CVRS evaluada mediante un cuestionario específico. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó chi cuadrada y ANOVA en rangos de acuerdo con el tipo de variables. Se consideró como significativo un valor p = 0.05. Resultados: Se estudiaron 62 pacientes; 61 % fueron mujeres. El cuestionario de CVRS mostró que Actividad fue la dimensión más afectada (65 ± 24 puntos, p < 0.05). En la dimensión Impacto, los grupos con severidad III y IV mostraron mayor afectación que los grupos I y II (p < 0.05). Hubo una correlación directa entre un mayor FEV1 y una mejor CVRS (r2 - 0.544 p < 0.0001). Conclusiones: La CVRS se encuentra significativamente afectada en pacientes con mayores grados de severidad de la EPOC. Los parámetros predictores de una peor CVRS son % FEV1 y el FVC.


Subject(s)
Health Status Indicators , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Quality of Life , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index
9.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 47(6): 643-6, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20602903

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A better understanding of risk factors for suicide in general population is crucial for the design of suicide prevention programs. Our objective was to identify personal and family risk factors in suicide attempters. METHODS: Case-control design. We searched in patients with an acute intoxication, those subjects with and intoxication attributable to suicide attempt. These patients were matched with controls by gender and the date of intoxication. We use a structured questionnaire to identify personal characteristics, family features and network support. Odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval were obtained. RESULTS: 25 cases and 25 controls were evaluated. The risk factors associated with suicide attempt adjusted by age, were being a student and smoking habits. Family violence background showed OR = 3.8 (IC 95 % = 1.1-13), family disintegration a OR = 8.5 (IC 95 % = 2.1-35), critical events background OR = 8.8 (IC 95 % = 2.1-36), poor self-esteem OR = 8.2 (IC 95 % 2-35), depression OR = 22 (IC 95 % = 3-190), anxiety OR = 9 (IC 95 % = 2-47), family dysfunction OR = 25 (IC 95 % = 4-151). CONCLUSIONS: The principal risk factor for suicide attempt was family dysfunction and psychological traits.


Subject(s)
Suicide, Attempted , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
10.
Aten Primaria ; 40(11): 543-6, 2008 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19055893

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine family function of pediatric patients with asthma. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Family medicine clinic number 51, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Primary Care, in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty families were studied; 25 of which had a pediatric patient previously diagnosed with asthma, and a control group of 25 with pediatric patients without asthma. METHODS: From September 2006 to February 2007 family function was evaluated using family APGAR and associations were estimated using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Family dysfunction was more often present in families with asthmatic patients compared to those without; OR=3.7 (95% CI, 1.1-13). Severe dysfunction is markedly higher in families with asthmatic members. CONCLUSIONS: Family dysfunction is more frequent in families with asthmatic children; family functionality should be seen as an important part of the integral approach in those families.


Subject(s)
Asthma/psychology , Family Relations , Adult , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male
11.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 40(11): 543-546, nov. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69726

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Determinar la funcionalidad familiaren pacientes pediátricos asmáticos.Diseño. Estudio transversal.Emplazamiento. Unidad de Medicina Familiarnúmero 51 del IMSS, primer nivel deatención, en la ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco,México.Participantes. Se estudió a 50 familias de lasque 25 tenían un paciente pediátrico condiagnóstico de asma previamente establecidoy otras 25 con pacientes pediátricos sindiagnóstico de asma que participaron comogrupo control.Métodos. De septiembre de 2006 a febrerode 2007 se evaluó la funcionalidad familiarmediante el instrumento Apgar familiar, lasasociaciones se determinaron mediante oddsratio (OR) e intervalos de confianza (IC) del95%.Resultados. La disfunción familiar es un factorasociado con mayor frecuencia a familias conpacientes asmáticos en comparación conaquellas que no tienen este tipo de pacientesOR = 3,7 (IC del 95%, 1,1-13), la disfunciónsevera es notoriamente mayor en familias conintegrantes asmáticos.Conclusiones. La disfunción familiar sepresenta más frecuentemente en familias conniños asmáticos, por lo que la evaluación de lafuncionalidad familiar se debe considerarcomo parte del abordaje integral de lasfamilias con niños asmáticos


Objective. To determine family functionof pediatric patients with asthma.Design. Cross-sectional study.Setting. Family medicine clinic number 51,Mexican Institute of Social Security,Primary Care, in Guadalajara, Jalisco,Mexico.Participants. Fifty families were studied; 25 ofwhich had a pediatric patient previouslydiagnosed with asthma, and a control groupof 25 with pediatric patients withoutasthma.Methods. From September 2006 to February2007 family function was evaluated usingfamily APGAR and associations wereestimated using odds ratio (OR) and 95%confidence interval (CI).Results. Family dysfunction was more oftenpresent in families with asthmatic patientscompared to those without; OR=3.7 (95%CI, 1.1-13). Severe dysfunction is markedlyhigher in families with asthmatic members.Conclusions. Family dysfunction is morefrequent in families with asthmatic children;family functionality should be seen as animportant part of the integral approachin those families


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Asthma/psychology , Family Practice/methods , Family Health , Apgar Score , Cross-Sectional Studies , Family Relations/legislation & jurisprudence , Family Therapy/methods , Morbidity/trends
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