Higher psychoticism as a predictor of thoughts of harming one's infant in postpartum women: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Some women experience thoughts of harming their infants during the early postpartum period. These intrusive thoughts are conceptually similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder. The aim of our study was to assess whether personality characteristics may predict a mother's development of postpartum thoughts of harming her infant. METHODS: We studied 137 women with no psychiatric history. They were assessed at two different times during the postpartum period (2-3days after giving birth and during the 8th week following delivery). We assessed postpartum thoughts of harming one's infant with a semi-structured interview conducted in person. Personality characteristics were assessed with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Depression was assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and with a structured interview (Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies). We also assessed socio-demographic variables, obstetric variables and stressful life events. Adjusting for age, depression and stressful life events, logistic regression was conducted to explore the relationship between a woman's personality characteristics and postpartum thoughts of harming her infant. RESULTS: Women with postpartum thoughts of harming their infants scored higher in EPQ-Psychoticism (P=0.003) but not in neuroticism or extraversion. EPQ-Psychoticism was significantly associated with the presence of postpartum intrusive thoughts (OR=1.67, p=0.003) after adjusting for other personality dimensions, age, depression and life stress. Those women scoring 5 or higher in EPQ-Psychoticism were 5.5 times more likely to report postpartum intrusive thoughts (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: In healthy women without psychiatric history, psychoticism is a predictor of postpartum thoughts of harming their infants.

Psychopathology and personality traits in psychotic patients and their first-degree relatives.

Personality dimensions have been associated with symptoms dimensions in schizophrenic patients (SP). In this paper we study the relationships between symptoms of functional psychoses and personality dimensions in SP and their first-degree relatives (SR), in other psychotic patients (PP) and their first-degree relatives (PR), and in healthy controls in order to evaluate the possible clinical dimensionality of these disorders. Twenty-nine SP, 29 SR, 18 PP, 18 PR and 188 controls were assessed using the temperament and character inventory (TCI-R). Current symptoms were evaluated with positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) using the five-factor model described previously (positive [PF], negative [NF], disorganized [DF], excitement [EF] and anxiety/depression [ADF]). Our TCI-R results showed that patients had different personality dimensions from the control group, but in relatives, these scores were not different from controls. With regard to symptomatology, we highlight the relations observed between harm avoidance (HA) and PANSS NF, and between self-transcendence (ST) and PANSS PF. From a personality traits-genetic factors point of view, schizophrenia and other psychosis may be initially differentiated by temperamental traits such as HA. The so-called characterial traits like ST would be associated with the appearance of psychotic symptoms.

[A genetic-behavioral alternative to the personality disorders: the Livesley dimensional model]. / Una alternativa genético-conductual a los trastornos de la personalidad: el modelo dimensional de Livesley.

In the personality disorder section of the DSM-V research agenda, the authors stress the need for studies on the relevance of a change from diagnostic categorical models to dimensional ones. These studies should identify the underlying genetic and neurobiologic mechanisms and appropriate representation on the dimensions of clinical criteria as cognitive disturbances, identity conflicts and attachment. Livesley's behavioral-genetic model represents an interesting dimensional paradigm of personality pathology. It was elaborated deductively from the consensus and statistical refinement of data collected by a large number of clinicians from different psychopathological tendencies. The traits are made operative in the "Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire" (DAPP-BQ) tool with 18 dimensions (that became 30) and 4 higher rank factors (adapted to Spanish by Gutiérrez- Zotes et al, 2008). The model has shown an appropriate relationship with important personality paradigms and good predictive power for personality disorders. The authors incorporate methods of variance breakdown for statistical processing of the genetic-environmental mechanism underlying each personality disorder dimension. Homologation of DSM-IV-TR criteria for personality disorders is proposed so that the model's dimensions capture and represent the clinical complexity of the symptoms in a convenient manner for the new location in DSM-V.

Clinical profiles in fibromyalgia patients of the community mental health center: a predictive index of psychopathological severity.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years we have seen an increasing demand for mental health care in patients with fibromyalgia and psychiatric symptoms, although it is not clear if the symptoms are primary or secondary to the presence of the syndrome. This fact has led mental health providers to think that there would be some psychological factors influencing the vulnerability of suffering this painful syndrome, because its etiology is quite non-specific. Bradley et al. (1978) identified different psychopathological profiles within chronic pain syndromes with the MMPI, which were subsequently adapted by Yunus et al. (1991) for fibromyalgia. This present work studied the clinical profile in patients with fibromyalgia. SAMPLE: 75 patients with fibromyalgia from the community mental health center and 55 healthy subjects. Tools: STAI-E/R, BDI, MMPI-2, MMPI-2 personality disorders, MMPI-2 PSY-5. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: descriptive statistics and mean comparison (Student's t test). Confirmatory cluster analysis. Discriminative analysis of subgroups. RESULTS: Two different patterns were obtained: group A (32 %) with a typical chronic pain profile (CP) and group B (68 %) with a psychological maladjustment profile (PM). With the discriminative analysis, we obtained the coefficients of the discriminative canonical functions that maximize the differences between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed Bradley's classification, obtaining two different psychopathological patterns in the fibromyalgia syndrome sample we studied. We obtained an index of psychopathological profile in fibromyalgia, which would form a new scale, from MMPI-2 for discriminating psychopathological severity in fibromyalgia.

Perfiles clínicos en pacientes con fibromialgia que acuden a un centro de salud mental: obtención de un índice predictivo de gravedad psicopatológica / Clinical profiles in fibromyalgia patients of the community mental health center: a predictive index of psychopathological severity

Introducción. En los últimos años se ha visto incrementada la demanda asistencial en salud mental de pacientes que presentan fibromialgia y sintomatología psiquiátrica, y no queda claro en la mayoría de los casos si esta patología es primaria o secundaria a la aparición del síndrome. Esto ha hecho plantearse a los profesionales de la salud mental la influencia de distintos factores psicológicos de vulnerabilidad a padecer este síndrome doloroso dada la inespecificidad a nivel etiológico. Bradley et al. (1978) identificaron a través del MMPI distintos perfiles psicopatológicos dentro de síndromes con dolor crónico que posteriormente fueron adaptados por Yunus et al. (1991) para la fibromialgia. En el presente trabajo se estudian los perfiles clínicos en pacientes con fibromialgia. Método. Muestra: 75 pacientes derivados al centro de salud mental que presentan fibromialgia; 55 sujetos control sanos. Instrumentos: STAI-E/R; BDI, MMPI-2, MMPI-2 trastornos de la personalidad, MMPI-2 PSY-5. Análisis estadísticos: estadísticos descriptivos y comparación de medias (t de Student). Análisis de clúster confirmatorio. Análisis discriminante de los subgrupos. Resultados. Se obtienen dos patrones diferenciales: grupo A (32 %) con un perfil típico del dolor crónico (DC) y grupo B (68 %) con un perfil de desajuste psicológico (DP). Mediante el análisis discriminante obtuvimos los coeficientes de las funciones canónicas discriminantes que maximizan las diferencias entre los dos grupos. Conclusiones. Se confirma la clasificación de Bradley obteniendo dos patrones psicopatológicos diferenciales en la muestra de síndrome de fibromialgia estudiada. Se obtiene un índice de perfil psicopatológico en fibromialgia que configura una nueva escala a partir del MMPI-2, que discrimina gravedad psicopatológica en la fibromialgia

Introduction. In recent years we have seen an increasing demand for mental health care in patients with fibromyalgia and psychiatric symptoms, although it is not clear if the symptoms are primary or secondary to the presence of the syndrome. This fact has led mental health providers to think that there would be some psychological factors influencing the vulnerability of suffering this painful syndrome, because its etiology is quite non-specific. Bradley et al. (1978) identified different psychopathological profiles within chronic pain syndromes with the MMPI, which were subsequently adapted by Yunus et al. (1991) for fibromyalgia. This present work studied the clinical profile in patients with fibromyalgia. Method. Sample: 75 patients with fibromyalgia from the community mental health center and 55 healthy subjects. Tools: STAI-E/R, BDI, MMPI-2, MMPI-2 personality disorders, MMPI-2 PSY-5. Statistical analysis: descriptive statistics and mean comparison (Student's t test). Confirmatory cluster analysis. Discriminative analysis of subgroups. Results. Two different patterns were obtained: group A (32 %) with a typical chronic pain profile (CP) and group B (68 %) with a psychological maladjustment profile (PM). With the discriminative analysis, we obtained the coefficients of the discriminative canonical functions that maximize the differences between both groups. Conclusions. We confirmed Bradley's classification, obtaining two different psychopathological patterns in the fibromyalgia syndrome sample we studied. We obtained an index of psychopathological profile in fibromyalgia, which would form a new scale, from MMPI-2 for discriminating psychopathological severity in fibromyalgia

Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española abreviada del TCI-R (TCI-140) y su relación con las Escalas de la Personalidad Psicopatológica (MMPI-2 PSY-5) en pacientes / Psychometric properties of the abbreviated Spanish version of TCI-R (TCI-140) and its relationship with the Psychopathological Personality Scales (MMPI-2 PSY-5) in patients

Introducción. Se presenta la versión corta del Inventario del Temperamento y Carácter-Revisada (TCI-R), el TCI-140. Este estudio tuvo varias finalidades: a) obtener las propiedades psicométricas del TCI-140; b) analizar su relación con la versión larga del TCI-R, y c) estudiar su validez convergente con el MMPI-2 PSY-5. Métodos. El TCI-R y las escalas PSY-5 del MMPI-2 fueron administradas a una muestra de pacientes psiquiátricos ingresados con diferentes diagnósticos de los Ejes I y II. Resultados. Las dimensiones del TCI-140 mostraron coeficientes de fiabilidad entre 0,67 (Dependencia de Recompensa [RD]) y 0,86 (Autotrascendencia [ST]) y las dimensiones del PSY-5 entre 0,68 (CONS) y 0,86 (EN/NE). Las correlaciones para las dimensiones con la versión original del TCI-R y su forma abreviada tuvieron un rango de 0,91 (Autodirección [SD]) a 0,97 (ST). Las dimensiones se distribuyeron de acuerdo a la normalidad. Las correlaciones del TCI-140 con las escalas del PSY-5 proveen evidencia preliminar apoyando la validez convergente de los constructos. Así, Búsqueda de Novedades (NS) estuvo asociado con baja Constricción, HA con baja Emocionalidad Positiva y Agresividad y con alta Emocionalidad Negativa/Neuroticismo y Dependencia de Recompensa (RD) con alta Emocionalidad Positiva. La persistencia (PS) fue relacionado con alta Agresividad y Emocionalidad Positiva. Por otro lado, SD con bajo Psicoticismo y Emocionalidad Negativa/Neuroticismo y con alta Emocionalidad Positiva. Cooperación mostró relaciones con alta Constricción y bajo psicoticismo. Finalmente, ST estuvo asociado con alta Emocionalidad Positiva y Psicoticismo. Conclusiones. La versión corta española del TCI-R es un inventario útil para la evaluación de las dimensiones principales del temperamento y carácter

Introduction. The short version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), the TCI-140, is presented. This study aimed: a) to obtain the psychometric properties of TCI-140; b) to analyze the relationship with the normal version of the TCI-R, and c) to study its convergent validity with the MMPI-2 PSY-5. Method. The TCI-R and MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales were administered to a sample of consecutive psychiatric inpatients with differential Axis I and II diagnoses. Results.It was found that the TCI-140 dimensions showed reliability coefficients ranging from 0.67 (Reward dependence [RD]) to 0.86 (Self-Transcendence [ST]) and the reliability coefficients of PSY-5 ranging from 0.68 (CON) to 0.86 (NE/NEU). Correlations for the dimensions with the TCI-R original 240-item version and TCI-R 140 item version ranged from 0.91 (Self-Directedness [SD]) to 0.97 (ST). The dimensions had a normal distribution. Correlations of TCI-140 scales with PSY-5 scales provided preliminary evidence supporting the convergent validity of the constructs. Then, Novelty Seeking (NS) was associated with low Constraint, Harm Avoidance (HA) was associated with low Aggressiveness and Positive Emotionality/ Extraversion, and also with high Negative Emotionality/ Neuroticism, Reward Dependence (RD) was associated with high Positive Emotionality/Extraversion. Persistence (PS) was related to high aggressiveness, and Positive Emotionality/ Extraversion. On the other hand, SD was correlated with low Psychoticism, and Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism, and also with high Positive Emotionality/Extraversion. Cooperativeness (C) had a relationship to high constraint and low psychoticism. Finally ST was associated with high psychoticism and Positive Emotionality/Extraversion. Conclusions. The short Spanish version of TCI-R is a useful inventory for the evaluation of the principals dimensions of temperament and character

Psychometric properties of the abbreviated Spanish version of TCI-R (TCI-140) and its relationship with the Psychopathological Personality Scales (MMPI-2 PSY-5) in patients.

INTRODUCTION: The short version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), the TCI-140, is presented. This study aimed: a) to obtain the psychometric properties of TCI-140; b) to analyze the relationship with the normal version of the TCI-R, and c) to study its convergent validity with the MMPI-2 PSY-5. METHOD: The TCI-R and MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales were administered to a sample of consecutive psychiatric inpatients with differential Axis I and II diagnoses. RESULTS: It was found that the TCI-140 dimensions showed reliability coefficients ranging from 0.67 (Reward dependence [RD]) to 0.86 (Self-Transcendence [ST]) and the reliability coefficients of PSY-5 ranging from 0.68 (CON) to 0.86 (NE/NEU). Correlations for the dimensions with the TCI-R original 240-item version and TCI-R 140 item version ranged from 0.91 (Self-Directedness [SD]) to 0.97 (ST). The dimensions had a normal distribution. Correlations of TCI-140 scales with PSY-5 scales provided preliminary evidence supporting the convergent validity of the constructs. Then, Novelty Seeking (NS) was associated with low Constraint, Harm Avoidance (HA) was associated with low Aggressiveness and Positive Emotionality/ Extraversion, and also with high Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism, Reward Dependence (RD) was associated with high Positive Emotionality/Extraversion. Persistence (PS) was related to high aggressiveness, and Positive Emotionality/ Extraversion. On the other hand, SD was correlated with low Psychoticism, and Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism, and also with high Positive Emotionality/Extraversion. Cooperativeness (C) had a relationship to high constraint and low psychoticism. Finally ST was associated with high psychoticism and Positive Emotionality/Extraversion. CONCLUSIONS: The short Spanish version of TCI-R is a useful inventory for the evaluation of the principals dimensions of temperament and character.

[Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R). Standardization and normative data in a general population sample]. / Inventario del Temperamento y el Carácter-Revisado (TCI-R). Baremación y datos normativos en una muestra de población general.

INTRODUCTION: The revised version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R), a tool designed by C. R. Cloninger for the evaluation of the seven dimensions defined in his psychobiological model of personality, was translated and adapted to Spanish. The aim of the study was to obtain normative data and scales with T-scores in a incidental sample of the general Spanish population. METHODS: After adaptation to Spanish, the tool was administered to 400 subjects from several areas of Spain. The sample is stratified according to age and gender according to the year 2001 Spanish population census. We have studied the differences between men and women and the association between age and dimensions. We have checked the normal distribution of the traits, and proceeded with the standardization and normalization of the scores. RESULTS: We present the mean and standard deviation according to sex for each of the main dimensions and subscales. The scores of the main dimensions obtained for general population according to gender show a normal distribution that has allowed us to standardize them into T-scores. The reliability of the dimensions is high. There are differences in the means depending on gender: women scored higher in Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness. Men scored higher in Persistence. There were no high correlations between age and the dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the new TCI-R is an adequate tool for the study of personality dimensions of normal population.

Inventario del Temperamento y el Carácter-Revisado (TCI-R). Baremación y datos normativos en una muestra de población general / Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R). Standardization and normative data in a general population sample

Introducción. Se ha traducido y adaptado al castellano la versión revisada del Inventario del Temperamento y el Carácter (TCTR), instrumento diseñado por C. R. Cloninger para evaluar las siete dimensiones de personalidad definidas en su modelo psicobiológico de personalidad. El objetivo es la obtención de datos normativos y baremos tipificados en una muestra incidental de población general española. Métodos. Tras la adaptación al castellano del instrumento se administra a 400 sujetos de varias áreas geográficas del estado español. La muestra se estratifica por edades y sexo según el censo español del año 2001.Se estudian las diferencias para hombre y mujer y la asociación entre edad y las dimensiones. Se verifica la distribución normal de los rasgos, y se procede a la estandarización y normalización de las puntuaciones. Resultados. Se presenta la media y desviación estándar por género para cada una de las dimensiones principales y las subescalas. Las puntuaciones de las dimensiones principales, obtenidas en la población general por sexo, muestran una distribución normal que ha permitido estandarizarlas en puntuaciones tipificadas. La fiabilidad de las dimensiones es elevada. Existen diferencias en las medias según el género puntuando las mujeres más alto en evitación del daño, dependencia de la recompensa y cooperación. Los hombres puntuaron más alto en persistencia. No existen correlaciones elevadas entre la edad y las dimensiones. Conclusiones. La versión española de la nueva versión del TCTR constituye un instrumento adecuado para el estudio de las dimensiones de la personalidad en población normal (AU)

Desarrollo de la versión española del cuestionario de personalidad Zuckerman-Kuhlman (ZKPQ-III) y propiedades psicométricas / Development of the spanish version of Zuckerman-Kuhlman personality questionnaire (ZKPQ-III) and psychometric properties

El presente trabajo investiga las propiedades factoriales y características psicométricas de la versión española del ZKPQ Forma 111, que fue analizado en una muestra de 573 mujeres y 186 hombres españoles. Fueron calculados las medias y desviaciones estándar. las fiabilidad e intercorrelación de las escalas y las diferencias en género y edad que fueron comparados con la versión americana de la prueba. El coeficiente de homegeneidad demostró unas buenas correlaciones ínter ítem en cada dimensión. Los análisis de distribución de las dimensiones se testaron con los coeficientes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y Kurtosis. Una solución de cinco factores fue probada para ambos sexos para intentar replicar la correspondencia con la versión americana del cuestionario apoyando la existencia de esas cinco dimensiones. La estructura factorial en hombres y mujeres fue comparada y se encontró una similar a la americana excepto en las saturaciones de algunos ítems en Búsqueda de Sensaciones Impulsivas y Sociabilidad (AU)