ABSTRACT
The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) measures the trait part (Criterion B) of the alternative model for personality disorders proposed in Section III of DSM-5. Although its psychometric properties have proven adequate thus far, evidence is limited in other languages and in clinical samples. The Spanish PID-5 was examined in two samples comprising 446 clinical and 1,036 community subjects. Facet scales showed good internal consistency in both samples (median α = .86 and .79) and were unidimensional under exploratory and confirmatory approaches. They were also able to distinguish between clinical and community subjects with a mean standardized difference of z = 0.81. All facets except for Risk Taking were unipolar, such that the upper poles indicated pathology and the lower poles reflected normality, rather than the opposite pole of abnormality. The entire PID-5 hierarchical structure, from one to five factors, was confirmed in both samples with Tucker's congruence coefficients over .95.
Subject(s)
Cross-Cultural Comparison , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Personality Disorders/psychology , Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Female , Humans , Interview, Psychological , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Psychological , Models, Statistical , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Spain , Statistics as Topic , Young AdultABSTRACT
The present study examines the internal consistency and factor structure of the Spanish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and the association between the CTQ-SF subscales and parenting style. Cronbach's α and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed in a female clinical sample (n = 185). Kendall's ι correlations were calculated between the maltreatment and parenting scales in a subsample of 109 patients. The Spanish CTQ-SF showed adequate psychometric properties and a good fit of the 5-factor structure. The neglect and abuse scales were negatively associated with parental care and positively associated with overprotection scales. The results of this study provide initial support for the reliability and validity of the Spanish CTQ-SF.
Subject(s)
Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology , Child Abuse/diagnosis , Parenting , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child Abuse/psychology , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Language , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Young AdultABSTRACT
This study examines the relationship of different types of childhood maltreatment and the perceived parenting style with borderline personality disorder (BPD) criteria. Kendall's Tau partial correlations were performed controlling for the effect of simultaneous adverse experiences and Axis I and II symptoms in a sample of 109 female patients (32 BPD, 43 other personality disorder, and 34 non-personality disorder). BPD criteria were associated with higher scores on emotional and sexual abuse, whereas parenting style did not show a specific association with BPD. Findings of the present study help clarify the effects of overlapping environmental factors that are associated with BPD.
Subject(s)
Borderline Personality Disorder/psychology , Child Abuse/psychology , Parenting/psychology , Personality Disorders/psychology , Adult , Borderline Personality Disorder/etiology , Child , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Personality Disorders/etiology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
Schizotypy has been proposed to be the expression of the genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. Schizotypal features have been associated with personality dimensions found in patients with psychosis. In this study, we compared the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology - Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) scores of patients with psychosis, siblings scoring higher on schizotypy (SSHS), and siblings scoring lower (SSLS). The SSHSs displayed a DAPP-BQ profile characterized by high scores in the dimensions of affective lability, anxiousness, submissiveness, social avoidance, identity problems, oppositionality, narcissism, and restricted expression, distinguishing them from the SSLS. Due to these dimensions, SSHSs are more similar to the patients DAPP-BQ profile. The results suggest that this pathological personality profile might contribute to increase the risk of developing psychosis in siblings who have more schizotypal features (AU)
Esquizotipia y perfil de personalidad patológica en hermanos de pacientes psicóticos. La esquizotipia ha sido propuesta como la expresión de la vulnerabilidad genética para la esquizofrenia. Las características esquizotípicas han sido asociadas con las dimensiones de personalidad encontradas en pacientes con psicosis. En este estudio comparamos las puntuaciones del Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology - Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) de pacientes con psicosis, hermanos con puntuaciones altas en esquizotipia (SSHS) y hermanos con puntuaciones bajas (SSLS). Los SSHS mostraron un perfil del DAPP-BQ caracterizado por puntuaciones elevadas en las dimensiones de labilidad afectiva, ansiedad, sumisión, evitación social, problemas de identidad, oposición, narcisismo y expresión restringida, distinguiéndolos de los SSLS. Estas dimensiones hacen a los SSHS más parecidos al perfil del DAPP-BQ de los pacientes. Los resultados sugieren que este perfil de personalidad patológica podría contribuir a incrementar riesgo de desarrollar psicosis en los hermanos que tienen más características esquizotípicas (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Schizophrenia/classification , Schizophrenia/complications , Schizophrenic Psychology , Personality/physiology , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Narcissism , Data Analysis/methods , Data Analysis/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Schizotypy has been proposed to be the expression of the genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. Schizotypal features have been associated with personality dimensions found in patients with psychosis. In this study, we compared the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology - Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) scores of patients with psychosis, siblings scoring higher on schizotypy (SSHS), and siblings scoring lower (SSLS). The SSHSs displayed a DAPP-BQ profile characterized by high scores in the dimensions of affective lability, anxiousness, submissiveness, social avoidance, identity problems, oppositionality, narcissism, and restricted expression, distinguishing them from the SSLS. Due to these dimensions, SSHSs are more similar to the patients' DAPP-BQ profile. The results suggest that this pathological personality profile might contribute to increase the risk of developing psychosis in siblings who have more schizotypal features.
Subject(s)
Personality Disorders/epidemiology , Psychotic Disorders/genetics , Siblings/psychology , Adult , Anxiety , Cross-Sectional Studies , Emotions , Family Health , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Selection , Personality Disorders/genetics , Personality Disorders/psychology , Personality Inventory , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/genetics , Schizotypal Personality Disorder/epidemiology , Schizotypal Personality Disorder/genetics , Schizotypal Personality Disorder/psychology , Spain/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Given that the DSM taxonomy of personality disorders is flawed by severe classificatory problems, the development of alternative classificatory systems, such as the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ), has now become a priority. This study examined the internal consistency, second-order factor structure, and criterion validity of a Spanish translation of the DAPP-BQ in two samples: subjects with personality disorder (n = 155) and subjects from the general population (n = 300). Alpha coefficients ranged satisfactorily from .75 to .93. Four second-order factors of Emotional Dysregulation, Dissocial Behavior, Inhibitedness, and Compulsivity were obtained, which were replicable between samples and identical to those reported in the literature. Finally, disordered subjects scored significantly higher than normal subjects on 17 of the 18 DAPP-BQ traits. Some pending issues in the construction of an alternative taxonomy of personality disorders are discussed.
