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Acad Emerg Med ; 23(7): 766-71, 2016 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26990304

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Patients report pain and discomfort with nasogastric tube (NGT) intubation. We tested the hypothesis that premedication with midazolam alleviates pain during NGT placement in the emergency department (ED) by > 13 on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). METHODS: We performed a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study, assigning ED patients requiring NGT placement to midazolam or placebo. All patients received intranasal cophenylcaine; additionally, they received an intravenous (IV) dose of the study drug, either 2 mg of IV midazolam or saline control. Nurses placed NGTs while observed by research staff, who then interviewed subjects to determine the primary outcome of pain using a VAS. Additional data collected from patients and their nurses included discomfort during the procedure, difficulty of tube insertion, and complications. RESULTS: We enrolled 23 eligible patients and obtained complete data in all: 10 midazolam and 13 controls. We found a significant reduction in mean pain VAS score of -31 (95% confidence interval = -53 to -9 mm) with 2 mg of midazolam (mean ± SD = 52 ± 30 mm), compared to placebo (mean ± SD = 21 ± 18 mm), more than double the effect size considered clinically relevant. Treatment did not impact ease of placement and there were no serious adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with 2 mg of IV midazolam reduces pain of NGT insertion in ED patients without the need for full procedural sedation.


Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Pain Management/methods , Pain/drug therapy , Adult , Anesthesia , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Female , Humans , Lidocaine , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement , Phenylephrine , Pilot Projects , Premedication
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