ABSTRACT
Fundamentos: La Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, ha propuesto laentomofagia como alternativa para abordar la inseguridad alimentaria. Esto se basa en el gran aporte proteicode los insectos, además de que su ciclo de vida y consumo ayudan a mantener la integridad del medio ambiente.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la inocuidad alimentaria (agentes biológicos y físicos) de los chapulines(saltamontes) ofertados para consumo humano en la ciudad de Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, México.Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo-exploratorio. Se utilizaron dos agares: métodos estándar paradetectar E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus y L. monocytogenes y Mac Conkey para bacterias Salmonella spp yColiformes.Resultados: Se halló la presencia de diferentes contaminantes físicos: hojas en 90,9% (n=10), palos en 81,8%(n=9), otros insectos en 54,5% (n=6), cabello en 36,3% (n=4) y piedras en 18,1% (n=2). No se hallaron restos depapel, tierra, plástico, huesos, metal ni cristal. Las Unidades Formadoras de Colonias halladas se encuentran enun rango de valores aceptables según normativas vigentes.Conclusiones: El consumo de insectos orthópteros representa, además de su aporte proteico, un consumoinocuo en esta población. Este estudio sienta las bases para realizar investigaciones con las diferentes especiescomestibles y en las distintas comunidades donde son consumidas en México. (AU)
Background: The FAO has proposed entomophagy as an alternative to address food insecurity. This is basedon the great protein contribution of insects, in addition to the fact that their life cycle and consumption helpmaintain the integrity of the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Food Safety(biological and physical agents) of chapulines (grasshoppers) offered for human consumption in the city ofMiahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, MexicoMethods: Cross-sectional, descriptive-exploratory study. 11 samples was used. Two agars: standard methodsto detect E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and L. monocytogenes and MacConkey for Salmonella spp and Coliformbacteria.Results: The presence of different physical contaminants was found: leaves in 90.9% (n=10), sticks in 81.8%(n=9), other insects in 54.5% (n=6), hair in 36.3% (n=4) and stones in 18.1% (n=2). No remains of paper, soil,plastic, bones, metal or glass were found. The CFUs found are within a range of acceptable values accordingto regulations.Conclusions: The consumption of orthopteran insects represents, in addition to its protein content, aninnocuous consumption in this population. This study lays the foundations for conducting research with thedifferent edible species at the communities in Mexico. (AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , 52503 , Orthoptera , Food Safety , Biological Pollutants , Mexico , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The abundance and diversity of phlD(+) Pseudomonas spp. colonizing the rhizospheres of young, field-grown corn and soybean plants were assayed over a 3-year period. Populations of these bacteria were detected on the large majority of plants sampled in the state of Ohio, but colonization was greater on corn. Although significant variation in the incidence of rhizosphere colonization was observed from site to site and year to year on both crops, the magnitude of the variation was greatest for soybean. The D genotype was detected on plants collected from all 15 counties examined, and it represented the most abundant subpopulation on both crops. Additionally, six other genotypes (A, C, F, I, R, and S) were found to predominate in the rhizosphere of some plants. The most frequently observed of these were the A genotype and a newly discovered S genotype, both of which were found on corn and soybean roots obtained from multiple locations. Multiple isolates of the most abundant genotypes were recovered and characterized. The S genotype was found to be phylogenetically and phenotypically similar to the D genotype. In addition, the novel R genotype was found to be most similar to the A genotype. All of the isolates displayed significant capacities to inhibit the growth of an oomycete pathogen in vitro, but such phenotypes were highly dependent on media used. When tested against multiple oomycete pathogens isolated from soybean, the A genotype was significantly more inhibitory than the D genotype when incubated on 1/10x tryptic soy agar and 1/5x corn meal agar. Seed inoculation with different isolates of the A, D, and S genotypes indicated that significant root colonization, generally in excess of log 5 cells per gram of root, could be attained on both crops. Field trials of the A genotype isolate Wayne1R indicated the capacity of inoculant populations to supplement the activities of native populations so as to increase soybean stands and yields. The relevance of these findings to natural and augmentative biocontrol of root pathogens by these bacteria is discussed.
