ABSTRACT
This work explores how much the traditional approach to modeling and simulation of biological systems, specifically cell signaling networks, can be increased and improved by integrating big data, data mining, and machine learning techniques. Specifically, we first model, simulate, validate, and calibrate the behavior of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cancer-related signaling pathway. Subsequently, once the behavior of the simulated signaling network matches the expected behavior, the capacity of the computational simulation is increased to grow data (data farming). First, we use big data techniques to extract, collect, filter, and store large volumes of data describing all the interactions among the simulated cell signaling system components over time. Afterward, we apply data mining and machine learning techniques-specifically, exploratory data analysis, feature selection techniques, and supervised neural network models-to the resulting biological dataset to obtain new inferences and knowledge about this biological system. The results showed how the traditional approach to the simulation of biological systems could be enhanced and improved by incorporating big data, data mining, and machine learning techniques, which significantly contributed to increasing the predictive power of the simulation.
ABSTRACT
Medical data includes clinical trials and clinical data such as patient-generated health data, laboratory results, medical imaging, and different signals coming from continuous health monitoring. Some commonly used data analysis techniques are text mining, big data analytics, and data mining. These techniques can be used for classification, clustering, and machine learning tasks. Machine learning could be described as an automatic learning process derived from concepts and knowledge without deliberate system coding. However, finding a suitable machine learning architecture for a specific task is still an open problem. In this work, we propose a machine learning model for the multi-class classification of medical data. This model is comprised of two components-a restricted Boltzmann machine and a classifier system. It uses a discriminant pruning method to select the most salient neurons in the hidden layer of the neural network, which implicitly leads to a selection of features for the input patterns that feed the classifier system. This study aims to investigate whether information-entropy measures may provide evidence for guiding discriminative pruning in a neural network for medical data processing, particularly cancer research, by using three cancer databases: Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer, and Primary Tumour. Our proposal aimed to investigate the post-training neuronal pruning methodology using dissimilarity measures inspired by the information-entropy theory; the results obtained after pruning the neural network were favourable. Specifically, for the Breast Cancer dataset, the reported results indicate a 10.68% error rate, while our error rates range from 10% to 15%; for the Cervical Cancer dataset, the reported best error rate is 31%, while our proposal error rates are in the range of 4% to 6%; lastly, for the Primary Tumour dataset, the reported error rate is 20.35%, and our best error rate is 31%.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El síndrome de QT largo congénito es una enfermedad eléctrica primaria del corazón que predispone a la ocurrencia de arritmias ventriculares malignas. Se traduce en una prolongación del intervalo QT en el electrocardiograma y la torsión de puntas es la arritmia que ocasiona síncope y, en ocasiones, muerte súbita. El embarazo y el puerperio aumentan la incidencia de estos eventos. Se presenta el caso de una puérpera afectada que presentó crisis de ansiedad y desmayos interpretados como psicógenos. Se documentó torsión de puntas sin respuesta a los fármacos antiarrítmicos diponibles y se trasladó al centro de referencia (Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular), donde se aumentó la frecuencia de estimulación del marcapasos y, posteriormente, se implantó un desfibrilador automático. Se trata de un caso infrecuente que constituyó un verdadero reto en el tratamiento integral y emergente, todo lo cual posibilitó la supervivencia de la paciente.
ABSTRACT Congenital long QT syndrome is a primary electrical disorder of the heart which predisposes to the occurrence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. It is characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram and the torsade de pointes is the main associated arrhythmia, resulting in syncope and sudden cardiac death. Pregnancy and puerperium increase the incidence of those events. We present the case of a patient who suffered from this disorder, and during the post-delivery period, she had events of faint and anxiety interpreted as psychogenic. Torsades de pointes without response to the available antiarrhythmic drugs was documented and she was transferred to the reference center (Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular), where the pacemaker stimulation frequency was increased and, subsequently, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was implanted. This is an infrequent case that was a real challenge for the comprehensive and emergent treatment, all of which enabled the survival of the patient.
