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1.
Front Immunol ; 14: 1270081, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37920468

ABSTRACT

Purinergic receptors and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome regulate inflammation and viral infection, but their effects on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the purinergic receptor P2X7 and NLRP3 inflammasome are cellular host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lung autopsies from patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reveal that NLRP3 expression is increased in host cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 including alveolar macrophages, type II pneumocytes and syncytia arising from the fusion of infected macrophages, thus suggesting a potential role of NLRP3 and associated signaling pathways to both inflammation and viral replication. In vitro studies demonstrate that NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation is detected upon macrophage abortive infection. More importantly, a weak activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also detected during the early steps of SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells and promotes the viral replication in these cells. Interestingly, the purinergic receptor P2X7, which is known to control NLRP3 inflammasome activation, also favors the replication of D614G and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants. Altogether, our results reveal an unexpected relationship between the purinergic receptor P2X7, the NLRP3 inflammasome and the permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 infection that offers novel opportunities for COVID-19 treatment.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Inflammasomes , Humans , Inflammasomes/metabolism , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism , NLR Proteins , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , SARS-CoV-2/metabolism , Inflammation , Receptors, Purinergic
2.
J Cell Sci ; 135(14)2022 07 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35703098

ABSTRACT

The metastatic progression of cancer remains a major issue in patient treatment. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Here, we use primary explants and organoids from patients harboring mucinous colorectal carcinoma (MUC CRC), a poor-prognosis histological form of digestive cancer, to study the architecture, invasive behavior and chemoresistance of tumor cell intermediates. We report that these tumors maintain a robust apico-basolateral polarity as they spread in the peritumoral stroma or organotypic collagen-I gels. We identified two distinct topologies - MUC CRCs either display a conventional 'apical-in' polarity or, more frequently, harbor an inverted 'apical-out' topology. Transcriptomic analyses combined with interference experiments on organoids showed that TGFß and focal adhesion signaling pathways are the main drivers of polarity orientation. Finally, we show that the apical-out topology is associated with increased resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments in organoids and decreased patient survival in the clinic. Thus, studies on patient-derived organoids have the potential to bridge histological, cellular and molecular analyses to decrypt onco-morphogenic programs and stratify cancer patients. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.


Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , Organoids , Cell Adhesion , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism , Humans , Signal Transduction , Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
3.
Med Sci (Paris) ; 37(2): 189-192, 2021 Feb.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33591263

ABSTRACT

TITLE: TGF-ß : un acteur essentiel de la perte d'immunité innée du tissu cutané au cours du vieillissement - L'actualité scientifique vue par les étudiants du Master Biologie Santé, module physiopathologie de la signalisation, Université Paris-Saclay. ABSTRACT: Pour la sixième année, dans le cadre du module d'enseignement « Physiopathologie de la signalisation ¼ proposé par l'université Paris-sud, les étudiants du Master « Biologie Santé ¼ de l'université Paris-Saclay se sont confrontés à l'écriture scientifique. Ils ont sélectionné une quinzaine d'articles scientifiques récents dans le domaine de la signalisation cellulaire présentant des résultats originaux, via des approches expérimentales variées, sur des thèmes allant des relations hôte-pathogène aux innovations thérapeutiques, en passant par la signalisation hépatique et le métabolisme. Après un travail préparatoire réalisé avec l'équipe pédagogique, les étudiants, organisés en binômes, ont ensuite rédigé, guidés par des chercheurs, une Nouvelle soulignant les résultats majeurs et l'originalité de l'article étudié. Ils ont beaucoup apprécié cette initiation à l'écriture d'articles scientifiques et, comme vous pourrez le lire, se sont investis dans ce travail avec enthousiasme ! Trois de ces Nouvelles sont publiées dans ce numéro, les autres le seront dans des prochains numéros.


Subject(s)
Aging/immunology , Immunity, Innate/physiology , Skin/immunology , Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology , Aging/physiology , Animals , Humans , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/genetics , Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/metabolism , Skin/microbiology , Skin Physiological Phenomena/immunology , Subcutaneous Fat/immunology , Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism
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