[Possibility of the liver ultrastructure recovery in intoxication with heavy metals salts].

Experimental studies helped to reveal ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes, caused by prolonged exposure to heavy metals salts taken in combination and ratios characteristic to soil contents near Almalyk mining and smelting enterprise. The authors demonstrated possibility of liver structural recovery via enterosorption with additional antioxidant therapy.

Developmental changes in human dural innervation.

INTRODUCTION: There is limited published work on the abundant innervation of the human dura mater, its role and responses to injury in humans. The dura not only provides mechanical support for the brain but may also have other functions, including control of the outflow of venous blood from the brain via the dural sinuses. The trigeminal nerve supplies sensory fibres to the dura as well as the leptomeninges, intracranial blood vessels, face, nose and mouth. Its relatively large size in embryonic life suggests an importance in development; the earliest fetal reflexes, mediated by the trigeminal, are seen by 8 weeks. Trigeminal functions vital to the fetus include the coordination of sucking and swallowing and the protective oxygen-conserving reflexes. Like other parts of the nervous system, the trigeminal undergoes pruning and remodelling throughout development. METHODS: We have investigated changes in the innervation of the human dura with age in 27 individuals aged between 31 weeks of gestation and 60 years of postnatal life. Using immunocytochemistry with antibodies to neurofilament, we have found significant changes in the density of dural innervation with age RESULTS: The density of innervation increased between 31 and 40 weeks of gestation, peaking at term and decreasing in the subsequent 3 months, remaining low until the sixth decade. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations are consistent with animal studies but are, to our knowledge, the first to show age-related changes in the density of innervation in the human dura. They provide new insights into the functions of the human dura during development.

[Efficacy of baxtims in eliminating dysfunction of the liver monooxygenase system in exotoxinemia]. / Effektivnost' preparata bakstims v ustranenii narusheniia funktsii monooksigenaznoi sistemy pecheni pri ékzotoksemii.

The hepatoprotector activity of baxtims was studied with respect to hepatobiliary system pathologies. The tetrachloromethane and bulldok induced liver damage is accompanied by a significant decrease in activity of the monooxygenase system, which leads to violation of the detoxicant function and protein synthesis function of liver, followed by the development of engenous intoxication. Baxtims produced a pronounced hepatoprotector effect in the case of liver damage induced by toxicants of various chemical nature. The drug favors an increase in the concentration of cytochromes in liver microsomes, a decrease in the level of medium-molecular-mass peptides, and normalization of the protein synthesis. This hepatoprotector action justifies the drug administration in cases of exotoxinemia.

[Application of baxtims preparation in treatment of experimental diffuse purulent peritonitis]. / Primenenie preparata bakstims pri lechenii éksperimental'nogo razlitogo gnoinogo peritonita.

The proteins proteolysis increase as well as their biosynthesis disorder were observed in experimental diffuse purulent peritonitis, which was simulated in rats of Wistar line. Application of baxtims preparation for the abdominal cavity treatment during 14 days had promoted restoration of this process and the proteinic deficiency elimination as well.

[Application of carbon sorbents in the treatment of experimental peritonitis]. / Primenenie uglerodnykh sorbentov v lechenii éksperimental'nogo peritonita.

Comparative estimation of efficacy of sorpents SKN-1K, KAU, AU-L in experimental peritonitis was performed. Most favourable effect was observed after performance of hemosorption using AU-L. Sorpent KAU caused very pronounced detoxicational effect, but while its application additional correction of the glucose level is necessary, and that's why it is contraindicated in hypoglycemia. SKN absorbs toxic products least actively, but corrects the carbohydrate metabolism indexes better than KAU.

[Effect of enterosorption effects on hepatic enzyme spectrum in experimental toxic hepatitis]. / Vliianie énterosorbtsii na fermentnyi spektr pecheni pri éksperimental'nom toksicheskom gepatite.

Influence of a new sorbent based on the AU-L lignin on the hepatic enzyme spectrum has been investigated in rats with experimental toxic hepatitis. The intact animals were in control group. There was a shift in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymic spectrum to the LDH5 side, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity increased to 144.7% against the control. Aspartate aminotransferase (AsT) activity reduced 2 times and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity enhanced 1.3 times, LDH2 activity increased 2.8 times in the liver of rats with toxic hepatitis which received sorbent for 7 days versus the untreated animals. The LDH4 and LDH5 fractions activity lowered to the level of the intact animals. G-6-PDH activity continued to increase, aminotransferase activity reduced up to the level less than control. The aerobic shifts in the LDH isoenzymic spectrum in which LDH4 and LDH5 fractions' activity completely returned to the control level evidence for glycolysis conversion to the aerobic type that apparently was promoted by positive effects of enterosorbent.

[Lipid metabolism during hemosorption in experimental peritonitis]. / Komponenty lipidnogo obmena v protsesse gemosorbtsii pri éksperimentalnom peritonite.

Increase of lipolytic hormones and cAMP was revealed in experimental peritonitis. The amount of free fatty acids and the total protein content in the blood increased on the average by 50 and 40%, respectively. The blood free fatty acid content reduced to control values after hemosorption, the triglyceride concentration was normalized simultaneously, and the cAMP level became stable. Thus, hemosorption caused a positive effect on the lipid metabolism in peritonitis because of diminished intensity of lipolysis which was activated in this disease.

[Change in the concentration of nontoxic plasma components in the process of hemosorption in experimental acute liver failure]. / Izmenenie kontsentratsii netoksichnykh komponentov plazmy v protsesse gemosorbtsii pri éksperimental'noi ostroi pechenochnoi nedostatochnosti.

To study the hemosorption-induced changes in the plasma levels on nontoxic components, experiments were made on dogs with acute hepatic failure simulated by ligation of the common bile and vesicle tracts followed by administration of carbon tetrachloride into the common bile duct. Hemosorption was accomplished by the vein-vein variant by using KAU-type sorbent. Changes in lipid metabolism and the concentrations of biogenic amines were examined during and after a hemosorption session. The positive action of this procedure was found to appear as normalization of lipolysis whose activation occurred in acute hepatic failure, and as increases in the level of histamine and moderate-weight molecules.

[Changes in the content of lipids and biologically active substances under the influence of the ultraviolet irradiation of the blood in experimental peritonitis]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia lipidov i biologicheski aktivnykh veshchestv pod vliianiem ul'trafioletovogo oblucheniia krovi pri peritonite v éksperimente.

In dogs with experimental peritonitis, accumulation of toxic metabolic products caused impairment in lipid metabolism. With reduction in pronouncement of endotoxemia under the influence of ultra-violet irradiation, the blood level of biologically active substances decreased, the process of lipolysis was suppressed.

[Side effects of hemosorption in the treatment of acute hepatic insufficiency]. / Pobochnye éffekty gemosorbtsii pri lechenii ostroi pechenochnoi nedostatochnosti.

The authors have established that in hemosorption with the use of the KAU type sorbent, the biologically active substances, which are the substrates of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism were eliminated from the blood. After termination of a seánce of hemosorption, levels of all the substances studied were normalized. However, total protein content was not reestablished.

[The possibility of normalizing the microcirculation using hemosorption in experimental peritonitis]. / Vozmozhnost' normalizatsii mikrotsirkuliatsii pod vozdeistviem gemosorbtsii pri éksperimental'nom peritonite.

The goal of the present paper was a comparative study of microcirculation in the peritoneum, mesentery and omentum during the development of experimental peritonitis, as well as the investigation of possible correction of microcirculatory disturbances with the help of hemosorption. It has been established that different degree of microcirculatory disturbances in the tissues under study depended on the duration of peritonitis. Hemosorption recovered microcirculation to initial values, which indicated the reversibility of the disturbances.

[Effect of hemosorption and ultraviolet irradiation of blood on the blood levels of oligopeptides and biogenic amines in peritonitis]. / Vliianie gemosorbtsii i ul'trafioletovogo oblucheniia krovi na soderzhanie v nei oligopeptidov i biogennykh aminov pri peritonite.

Hemosorption permits more rapid and significant decrease in blood plasma concentration of oligopeptides. But at the same time, the decrease in concentration of a number of biogenic amines is noted. Under the influence of ultraviolet irradiation of the autologous blood, the reduction in manifestations of intoxication occurs slower, but norepinephrine production increases, contributing to improvement in the state of systemic hemodynamics and microcirculation.

[Effects of benzonal on intracardiac hemodynamics in experimental myocardial infarct]. / Vliianie benzonala na vnutriserdechnuiu gemodinamiku pri éksperimental'nom infarkte miokarda.

Benzonal was tested for effects on the natural history of experimental myocardial infarction. Systemic and intracardiac hemodynamic parameters were studied in 35 Shinshilla rabbits. Benzonal was found to exert a positive action of myocardial diastolic relaxation and to be beneficial on the natural history of experimental myocardial infarction.

[Metabolism of fatty acids in the myocardium at various stages of development of acute cardiovascular insufficiency]. / Metabolizm zhirnykh kislot v miokarde v raznye fazy razvitiia ostroi serdechno-sosudistoi nedostatochnosti.

An experimental study in dogs, concerned with patterns of myocardial metabolism during the first and second phases of acute cardiovascular failure demonstrated a disjunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation where the supplied oxygen is consumed by processes unrelated to phosphorylation during the first phase of acute cardiovascular failure. In its second phase, the transport of oxygen and oxidation substrates to the heart is disrupted.