ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A review regarding the pathophysiology of AMD as shown in the literature RESULTS: Targets in AMD treatment include: 1. Protection against oxidative stress; 2. Prevention of the accumulation of lipofuscin; 3. Reduction or elimination of chronic inflammation; 4. Changes involving the participation of complement inflammatory phenomena; 5. Changes in the phenomena of chronic inflammation which do not involve the participation of complement (eg. Mitochondria and extracellular matrix). The Neovascularization process includes: 1. Production of angiogenic factor; 2. Release of angiogenic factor; 3. The binding of factors to extracellular receptors and activation of intracellular signaling; 4. Activation of endothelial cells with basement membrane degradation; 5. Endothelial cell proliferation; 6. Endothelial cell migration; 7. Remodeling of extracellular matrix; 8. Tube formation; 9. Vascular stabilization. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy inAMD, based on physiological characteristics of early and late stages, is possible nowadays. It is possible to apply a specific treatment for each stage of AMD, but effective treatment requires combinations of specific therapeutic remedies involving different pathophysiological pathways.
Subject(s)
Aging , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Macular Degeneration/physiopathology , Aged , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Macular Degeneration/metabolism , Nerve Growth Factors/therapeutic use , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
We present the case of a 65 years old pacient which was admitted for the sudden decrease of visual acuity in the left eye, accompanied by ocular pain and conjunctival hiperemia, simptoms appeared after an ocular trauma. After the clinical and paraclinical examination we determined the diagnosis of OS: Penetrating ocular trauma with retention of a foreign body; posttraumatic cataract. Surgical treatement was warrented and we performed OS : Facoemulsification + PFK implant in sulcus + 23 Ga posterior vitrectomy + peeling of the posterior hyaloid membrane + extraction of the foreign body + LASER endofotocoagulation + transscleral cryotherapy + SF6 gas injection. The post-operatory evolution was favorable.
Subject(s)
Cataract Extraction , Cataract/therapy , Eye Foreign Bodies/surgery , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/surgery , Laser Coagulation , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Vitrectomy , Aged , Cataract/diagnosis , Cataract/etiology , Cryotherapy , Eye Foreign Bodies/complications , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/complications , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/diagnosis , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/etiology , Humans , Injections, Intraocular , Laser Coagulation/methods , Male , Phacoemulsification , Sulfur Hexafluoride/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Vision, Ocular , Vitrectomy/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the efficiency of toric artificial intraocular lenses in correcting the astigmatism of pacients operated by facoemulsification. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried in which took part during the following period: february 2008 - february 2010. The study was carried on a number of 37 eyes. The pacients were evaluated by: refractometry, keratometry, corneal topography biometry, biomicroscopic examination of the eye (anterior and poterior poles), aplanotonometry the calculation of the IOL dioptric value and implantation axes with the help of the Alcon-acrysof calculator. RESULTS: AV without correction > 1/2 in 98 % of cases. AV without correction > 2/3 in 62 % of cases. AV with correction > 5/6 in 85 % of cases. Medium residual astigmatism between 0,25-0,75D CONCLUSIONS: The implant of toric IOL is a viable option in the treatement of preoperative astigmatism in selected cases.
Subject(s)
Astigmatism/surgery , Cataract Extraction , Cataract/therapy , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Lenses, Intraocular , Adult , Astigmatism/physiopathology , Biometry , Corneal Topography , Female , Humans , Male , Manometry , Microscopy, Acoustic , Prosthesis Design , Refraction, Ocular , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Visual AcuitySubject(s)
Cataract Extraction , Cataract/therapy , Eye Foreign Bodies/surgery , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/surgery , Vitrectomy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cataract/etiology , Cataract Extraction/methods , Drug Therapy, Combination , Eye Foreign Bodies/complications , Eye Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Eye Foreign Bodies/drug therapy , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/diagnosis , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/drug therapy , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/etiology , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
We present the case of a 57 years old woman which was admitted for the amputation of the infero-nasal visual field of the right eye, change observed by the pacient for 2 weeks. Clinical examination and lab exams revealed the cause of this change: a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the superior temporal quadrant. Surgical treatement was warranted. We did a posterior vitrectomy with trans-scleral crioapplications and injection of silicone oil 1000. We followed the patient's evolution post-operative and we observed the development of a complicated cataract which was treated in a second surgery together with the extraction of the silicone oil. The evolution was favorable.
