ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although much research has examined the relationship between lifestyle and prostate cancer (PCa) risk, few studies focus on the relationship between lifestyle and PCa progression. The present study examines this relationship among men initially diagnosed with low- to intermediate-risk PCa and managed with active surveillance (AS). METHODS: Men enrolled in two separate AS programs were recruited for this study. Data regarding clinical, demographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected. Results were then compared between men whose disease remained low- to intermediate-risk and men whose disease progressed. RESULTS: Demographic, clinical and physical characteristics were similar between comparative groups and cohorts, with the exception that age at the time of diagnosis and questionnaire was increased among men whose disease progressed. Lifestyle scores among men who remained low- to intermediate-risk were higher than those whose risk progressed; however, scores were only significant in one cohort on univariable analysis. On multivariable analysis, the only predictor of progression was age at diagnosis. Physical activity was consistently higher in both low risk groups, although this difference was insignificant. Consistent differences in other lifestyle variables were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Age remains an important predictor of PCa progression. Improving lifestyle characteristics among men initially managed with AS might help to reduce the risk of progression. Given the limitations of this study, more rigorous investigation is required to confirm whether lifestyle characteristics influence the progression of low- to intermediate-risk PCa.
Subject(s)
Life Style , Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cohort Studies , Disease Progression , Feeding Behavior , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Odds Ratio , Population Surveillance , Prognosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The pseudopotential model is used for the evaluation of the core level ionisation intensities (by the electron impact). The central atom effective phase shift is calculated for K EELFS spectra in this framework. The Si K EELFS spectra were calculated and compared with the experimental data. The comparison of experimental and calculated results is performed on the base of the electron dispersion law which takes into account electron-plasmon interaction.
