ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze all the variables in women who received fibrinogen for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) using hierarchical cluster analysis, to provide greater insight into the risk variables involved in these women. METHODS: This retrospective study of women with at least 500 mL of bleeding at birth or during the postpartum period and treated with fibrinogen was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atatürk University School of Medicine from January 2013 to January 2018. Data on the women were obtained from medical records and various risk variables were recorded and analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis. RESULTS: A total of 114 women with PPH were included in the study. Based on a dendrogram, three main clusters of similar quality variables were created: 1) gravida, parity, age, cervical/vaginal hematoma, laparotomy, hypogastric artery ligation, uterine artery embolization, uterine artery ligation, uterine atony, distance from outer center, lowest hemoglobin, preoperative platelets, endometritis, preoperative white blood cells; 2) lowest fibrinogen, highest fibrinogen, type of birth, placenta invasion anomaly, Bakri balloon tamponade, postpartum hysterectomy, preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), preoperative international normalized ratio (INR), placental abruption, in-utero ex fetus; 3) postoperative APTT, postoperative INR, maternal mortality, erythrocyte transfusion, plasma transfusion, hospital stay time, disseminated intravascular coagulation/HELLP syndrome, highest hemoglobin, blood group, postoperative platelets, platelet transfusion, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, fibrinogen extract. CONCLUSION: According to the cluster analysis, we should keep fibrinogen extract in the foreground especially in the treatment of hemorrhage in patients with variable conditions. As a result, we can determine whether fibrinogen extract, which has a high economic cost, should be kept at each center. We can also direct which patient will be referred in accordance with the referral steps.
Subject(s)
Fibrinogen/administration & dosage , Hemostatics/administration & dosage , Postpartum Hemorrhage/therapy , Abruptio Placentae/epidemiology , Adult , Blood Component Transfusion , Cluster Analysis , Female , Humans , Hysterectomy/statistics & numerical data , Ligation , Placenta Diseases/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Uterine Artery , Uterine Artery Embolization , Uterine Inertia/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lysozyme on the tumorigenicity of B-16V melanoma cells. METHODS: After performing a series of molecular biology applications, including mRNA isolation, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, restriction digestions and ligations, recombinant pHM6 vector harboring mouse lysozyme gene (pHM6mLys) was constructed. B-16V melanoma cells were transfected with plasmid DNAs (pHM6 and pHM6mLys). Transfected cells (B-16VpHM6 and B-16VpHM6mLys) were selected in media containing geneticin. B-16V, B-16VpHM6, and B-16VpHM6mLys cells were then injected subcutaneously (s.c.) to the three groups of C57BL/6 inbred mice (30 mice/group). These mice were examined every 3 days for s.c. tumor development over 41 days. The results were evaluated by using statistical methods. RESULTS: Tumor formation was observed in all mice injected with B-16V and B-16VpHM6 cells in the first 8-12 days. However, tumor didn't develop in 16 of 30 of the mice injected with B-16VpHMmLys cells. Tumor-free animals (16 mice) in this group were reinjected with B-16V cells, and 9 of them died during the first 10 days of observation. Tumor development was not observed in the remaining 7 mice over 60 days of the experimental period. Results were statistically significant (p values < or = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that lysozyme expressed by B-16VpHMmLys cells may suppress the tumorigenicity of these cells and may help development of protective immunity against B-16V melanoma cells.
Subject(s)
Genetic Therapy/methods , Melanoma, Experimental/therapy , Melanoma/therapy , Muramidase/genetics , Animals , Cloning, Molecular , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Genetic Vectors , Gentamicins/pharmacology , Mice , Models, Statistical , Odds Ratio , Plasmids/metabolism , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Anopheles sacharovi, the main human malaria vector in Turkey, has been maintained in our laboratory by feeding on anesthetized rabbits for about 20 years but it is a difficult species to colonize and bloodfeed. To eliminate the need for keeping and using live rabbits to supply blood meals, artificial bloodfeeding methods with suitable membrane apparatus were investigated. The feeding apparatus designed by the World Health Organization and 3 other types designed by us (for feeding on preserved human blood) were tested. Artificial membranes (latex and paraffin film) and locally produced and dried calf intestine were used. The calf intestine membrane gave the best feeding results and a modified apparatus designated type III was the most successful. This apparatus was preferable for the artificial feeding of An. sacharovi because it has a small reservoir, is easy to use, is adaptable to different feeding conditions, and supports reasonably high bloodfeeding rates 44.4-50.5% as compared to 35% on live rabbits.
