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1.
Int J Med Mushrooms ; 18(1): 9-12, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27279440

ABSTRACT

Guatemala, located in Central America, has a long and rich history in the traditional use of edible, medicinal, and hallucinogenic mushrooms. This article describes the use of these mushrooms and presents studies on the scientific validation of native and foreign species.


Subject(s)
Agaricales/isolation & purification , Agaricales/chemistry , Agaricales/classification , Agaricales/growth & development , Food , Guatemala , Hallucinogens , Humans , Medicine, Traditional
2.
Int J Med Mushrooms ; 17(11): 1019-29, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26853956

ABSTRACT

This paper is a review of the new studies or new explanations of the hallucinogenic mushrooms, regarding their diversity, history, traditions, and problems in their recreational use, new taxonomic studies, and their modern applications in medicine, all of them since the 1970s to the present.


Subject(s)
Agaricales/chemistry , Hallucinogens/analysis , Psychiatry/history , Agaricales/classification , Agaricales/growth & development , Animals , Hallucinogens/history , Hallucinogens/toxicity , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans
3.
Int J Med Mushrooms ; 15(6): 607-15, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24266384

ABSTRACT

The subtropical Japanese bluing mushroom Psilocybe subcaerulipes, described by Hongo, has several synonyms: P. argentipes by Yokoyama (also from Japan), P. taiwanensis by Guzman and Yang (from Taiwan), and P. thaizapoteca by Guzman, Ramirez-Guillen, and Karunaratna (from Thailand). The study of the holotypes and others specimens of these mushrooms shows that they have basidiospores, pleurocystidia, cheilocystidia, and several other important taxonomic features in common, as well as habitat. Recent discussions of all Japanese hallucinogenic species of Psilocybe and their neurotropic effects are also considered.


Subject(s)
Hallucinogens , Psilocybe , Agaricales , Basidiomycota , Ecosystem , Japan , Psilocybe/classification , Species Specificity , Spores, Fungal , Taiwan
4.
Int J Med Mushrooms ; 14(1): 65-78, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22339709

ABSTRACT

Pleurotus opuntiae is an important mushroom from xerophytic temperate regions of Mexico, as parasite or saprobe on Agave and Opuntia. Discussions on the taxonomic relationships of P opuntiae with P djamor, P. agaves, P. levis, and P. yuccae are presented, of which P. agaves is a synonym of P. opuntiae, and P. yuccae is a synonym of P. djamor. This latter and P levis are close species of P. opuntiae. The traditional uses of P opuntiae and P. djamor as food and remedy for several health problems, and also to get a traditional alcoholic drink from the Agave, are also considered.


Subject(s)
Agave/microbiology , Opuntia/microbiology , Pleurotus/classification , DNA, Fungal , Medicine, Traditional , Phylogeny , Pleurotus/genetics , Pleurotus/physiology , Species Specificity
5.
Int J Med Mushrooms ; 13(6): 545-52, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22181842

ABSTRACT

We present a description of macro- and microscopic taxonomical features of a medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma oerstedii, based on Mexican specimens from the states of Chiapas, Morelos, Sinaloa, and Veracruz, and discuss its relationships with species of the G. lucidum complex. A phylogenetic study based in rDNA sequences of a specimen of G. oerstedii from Veracruz is presented, as well as a review of traditional and modern uses in medicine.


Subject(s)
DNA, Fungal/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Ganoderma/chemistry , Ganoderma/classification , Ganoderma/genetics , Humans , Medicine, Traditional , Mexico
6.
Interciencia ; 34(1): 25-33, ene. 2009. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630711

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo se estudiaron 67 especies de hongos comestibles silvestres, 65 de ellas comercializadas en cuatro mercados regionales y varias en comunidades rurales, todas en la región de la Sierra Nevada, ubicada ésta en parte de las entidades del Estado de México, Puebla y Tlaxcala, al E y NE de la Ciudad de México. Se determinó el valor diferencial de importancia etnomicológica de las especies identificadas, por medio de la medición del valor de venta, así como de la presencia y la temporalidad de los hongos en los mercados, a lo largo de un año, en 1998. Se registró la preferencia de los hongos comestibles en una encuesta en 10 comunidades de la región, durante 1999. De los hongos considerados, Hebeloma fastibile fue la especie con mayor valor de importancia etnomicológica en los mercados y Lyophyllum decastes en las comunidades.


In this study, 67 species of wild edible mushrooms were studied, 65 of them were sold in four regional markets and some of them in communities, all on the Sierra Nevada found in the states of Mexico, Puebla, and Tlaxcala, at E and NE of Mexico City. The differential value of ethnomycological importance of the identified species was determined in terms of selling price as well as the presence and seasonality of the mushrooms, throughout one year, in 1998. Also, preference for the edible mushrooms mentioned was recorded through a survey of 10 communities in this region, during 1999. Of the mushrooms identified, Hebeloma fastibile was the species of highest value in terms of ethnomycological importance in the markets and Lyophyllum decastes was in the communities.


Contribuição ao conhecimento etnomicológico dos cogumelos comestiveis silvestres de mercados regionais e comunidades da Serra Nevada (México).


No presente trabalho se estudaram 67 espécies de cogumelos comestíveis silvestres, 65 delas comercializadas em quatro mercados regionais e varias em comunidades rurais, todas na região da Serra Nevada, situada esta em parte das entidades do Estado de México, Puebla e Tlaxcala, al E e NE da Cidade do México. Determinou-se o valor diferencial de importância etnomicológica das espécies identificadas, por meio da medição do valor de venda, assim como da presença e a temporalidade dos cogumelos nos mercados, ao longo de um ano, em 1998. Registrou-se a preferência dos cogumelos comestíveis em uma encosta em 10 comunidades da região, durante 1999. Dos cogumelos considerados, Hebeloma fastibile foi a espécie com maior valor de importância etnomicológica nos mercados e Lyophyllum decastes nas comunidades.

7.
J Microbiol ; 43(2): 158-65, 2005 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15880091

ABSTRACT

Psilocybe fagicola comprises a complex of more than eight species, six of them in Mexico, and all of them possessing a long pseudorhiza, a characteristic not listed by Heim and Cailleux in 1959 in the original description of the type species, but described by Guzmán in 1978 and 1983. The description of Psilocybe fagicola s.s. is here emended to include the length of the cheilocystidia of (6-) 12-20 (-30) microm, as well as the absence or scarcity of pleurocystidia. Psilocybe xalapensis and P. wassoniorum are considered to be synonymous with P. fagicola s.s. However, Psilocybe banderillensis and P. herrerae from Mexico, P. columbiana from Colombia, and P. keralensis from India are considered to be valid species within this complex. Moreover, P. novoxalapensis and P. teofilae, both from Mexico, are described as new species. Length of spores, presence or absence of pleurocystidia and their variations, and type of cheilocystidia constitute the principal defining characteristics of the species. Setaceous hyphae at the base of the stipe, as well as caulocystidia, lack taxonomic value, as do other morphological characteristics, including pileipellis and subpileipellis. A key to the eight considered species is also presented within the paper.


Subject(s)
Agaricales/classification , Agaricales/cytology
8.
Mycologia ; 96(5): 1152-4, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21148934

ABSTRACT

Bovista sclerocystis is described as a new species. It was found in Mexico, growing on rich soil of a tropical forest. It belongs to section Globaria, series Albosquamosa. The most striking character of this taxon is the exoperidium composed of polymorphous mycosclereids.

9.
Mycologia ; 96(6): 1370-9, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21148960

ABSTRACT

The type of Scleroderma stellatum from Brazil exhibits a sharp echinulate, dark brown peridium, and the type of S. bermudense from Bermuda has a peridium that is loosely woven and fibrillose, whitish to pale brownish. These characters indicate two independent species. This information is contrary to that of Guzmán in 1970, who interpreted S. bermudense to be a synonym of S. stellatum based on the similar spores. Scleroderma echinatum from Borneo and Panama, as recently discussed by Guzmán and Ovrebo, also has an echinulate, dark brown peridium and is a synonym of S. stellatum. All these fungi have a stellate dehiscence. New records of S. bermudense from the Greater Antilles and Mexico's Pacific Coast, and Veligaster nitidum from Virgin Islands also are discussed.

10.
Mycologia ; 95(6): 1171-80, 2003.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21149019

ABSTRACT

Five new species of Psilocybe from the Caribbean are described: P. caribaea, P. egonii, P. subpsilocybioides, P. zapotecoantillarum and P. zapotecocaribaea. All except P. zapotecocaribaea, which is known only from Martinique, are native to Puerto Rico. Psilocybe guilartensis, previously described from Puerto Rico, is the most commonly collected species of Psilocybe in Puerto Rico. New information on morphology is provided for P. guilartensis, and an emendation of the species circumscription is presented.

11.
Rev. microbiol ; 25(3): 197-200, jul.-set. 1994. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-150645

ABSTRACT

Descreveu-se 2 métodos de congelamento de cepas de Pleurotos em nitrogênio líquido dentro de tubos de polipropileno, utilizando glicerol como criopreservante. Avaliaram-se a recuperaçäo de micélios após 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos de contato com o criopreservante previamente congelado e também 2 procedimentos para congelamento (a saber: imersäo imediatada em nitrogênio líquido e pré-resfriamento por 30 minutos a -40oC). Os micélios foram descongelados após 7 dias, observou-se que o tempo de contato com glicerol mais adequado variou de 60 a 120 minutos. Recuperava-se 58 por cento das amostras imediatamente congeladas por nitrogênio e 45 por cento das amostras submetidas ao pré-resfriamento a -40oC. Os micélios descongelados foram transferidos para estufas de cultivo de cogumelos onde se obteve uma frutificaçäo normal. Comportamento de algumas aps do gênero Pleurotos após diferentes métodos de congelamentos em nitrogênio líquido


Subject(s)
Fungi/isolation & purification , Cryopreservation/methods , Nitrogen , Preservation, Biological/instrumentation
12.
Rev. mex. micol ; 4: 25-42, 1988. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-73518

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron 55 especies de Poliporáceos de la región central del Estado de Veracruz, pertenecientes a 35 géneros dentro de las familias Ganodermataceae, Hymenochaetaceae y Polyporaceae. Se presentan las descripciones únicamente de 9 especies por estar mal conocidad, 5 de las cuales son nuevos registros para México, a saber: Inonotus tomentosus (Fr.) Teng, Oligoporus obductus (Berk.) Gilbn. et Ryv. (de Veracruz y Coahuila), Pachykitoscopia payracea (Schw.) Ryv., Skeletocutis amorpha (Fr.) Kolt. et Puz. y Spongipellis pachyodon (Pers.) Kotl. et Puoz. de los Polyporaceae. Se registran 10 especies por primera vez para el Estado


Subject(s)
Fungi/classification , Mexico
13.
Rev. mex. micol ; 4: 69-74, 1988. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-73524

ABSTRACT

Se presenta una lista de 14 especies de Amanita conocidas en Baja California Norte, de las cuales 7 son nuevos registros para el Estado y de éstos A. magniverrucata Thiers & Ammirati se cita por primera vez de México


Subject(s)
Amanita/classification , Mexico
14.
Rev. mex. micol ; 4: 97-113, 1988. tab, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-73529

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el registro de 178 especies de Ascomycetes, Tremellales y Aphyllophorales del Estado de México, citadas en la bibliografíía entre 1940 y 1985


Subject(s)
Fungi/classification , Mexico
15.
Rev. mex. micol ; 4: 205-50, 1988. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-73688

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un análisis de las 1208 especies de Agaricales citadas de México de 1822 a 1987 y también una lista en orden taxonómico de las 786 registradas de 1972 a 1987, como una continuación del trabajo de Herrera ym Guzmán de 1972, quienes consideraron 422 especies de 1851 a 1971. Se hace notal que en 1822-1971 el fue de 17.6%. Las familias mejor estudiadas son Tricholomataceae, Cortinariaceae y Boletaceae con más de 100 especies. Le siguen en orden decreciente Agaricaceae, Russulaceae, Strophariaceae, Amanitaceae, Coprinaceae e Hygroharaceae con más de 50 especies y finalmente Crepdotaceae, Entolomatecease, Bolbitiaceae, Pluteaceae, Pacillaceae, Gomphidiaceae y Bondarzewiaceae con menos de 50 especies (la última con una especie)


Subject(s)
Agaricales/classification , Mexico
16.
Rev. mex. micol ; 4: 255-65, 1988. tab, ilus, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-73696

ABSTRACT

Se registra por primera vez de México, del Estado de Tamaulipas, a Psilocybe subyungensis Guzmán, especie únicamente conocida de Venezuela y se presentan nuevas localidades en los Estados de México, Jalisco, Tamaulipas y Veracruz, de once especies alucinógenas de Psilocybe previamente canocidas en el país. Dichas especies son: P. angustipleurocystidiata Guzmán, P. barrerae Cifuentes & Guzmán, P. caerulescens Murrill var. caerulescen, p. cordispora Heim, P. cebensis (Earle) Singer, P. fagicola Heim var. mesocystidiata Guzmán, P. galindii Guzmán, P. herrerae Guzmán, P. mexicana Heim, P. yungensis Singer & Smith y p. zopotecorum heim emend. Guzmán. Se presenta también una clave de las especies de la Sección zapotecorum conocidas en México y se revisa la distribución ene el país de las 37 especies alucinógenas de Psilocybe, haciendo ver que la zona de los bosques subtropicales (princicpalmente los mesófilos de montaña) son los más importantes por el número de especies y alta incidencia de localidades


Subject(s)
Fungi , Hallucinogens , Agaricales
17.
Rev. mex. micol ; 4: 297-301, 1988. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-73708

ABSTRACT

Se describe la primera planta productora de Pleurotus osteratus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kumm. que opera a nivel comercial en Guatemala, utilizando la pulpa de café como substrato. La producción de cuerpos fructífero frescos durante los meses de junio-agosto de 1987 fué de 542 Kg, alcanzando una eficiencia biológica de 140%. Los hongos se comercializaron en fresco y su aceptación en el meercado fué muy buena


Subject(s)
Basidiomycota , Culture Media , Guatemala
18.
Rev. mex. micol ; 4: 333-42, 1988. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-73713

ABSTRACT

Se presentan descripciones de Tricholoma cystidiosum Cifuentes & Guzmán, Lepiota quintanaroensis Guzmán-Daválos & quintanaroensis Guzmán, L. serena (Fr.) Sacc., L. subflavescens Murr. y leucocoprinus submontagnei Heinem., hongos que se registran por primera vez de Colombia


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Agaricales/classification , Colombia
19.
Rev. mex. micol ; 3: 203-9, 1987. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-77990

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un envenenamiento producido por Amanita virosa Lam. ex Secr. en una familia de la región de Las Minas, Municipio de Villa Aldama, Veracruz. Los hongos los comieron el padre, la esposa, sus cuatro niños y dos abuelos, pero solamente tuvieron intoxicación hepática mortal dos niños de 8 y 10 años de edad, respectivamente, no así los otros niños y los adultos que solamente tuvieron una leve intoxicación y se recueraron ocho días después. Se sospecha que A. virosa se mezcló con hongos comestibles, todos identificados como "tecomate blanco" (A. rubescens a A. crocea) y que la dosis de hongos venenosos que ingerieron los adultos y dos de los niños fué muy pequeña, no así en los dos menoes que murieron


Subject(s)
Child , Adult , Humans , Male , Mycotoxicosis/epidemiology , Agaricales/pathogenicity , Mexico
20.
Rev. mex. micol ; 3: 211-6, 1987. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-77991

ABSTRACT

Una mezcla de posibles hongos comestibles, provocó un envenenamiento en dos familias de San Yuyo, en el Departamento de Jalapa, al SO de Guatemala. Se intoxicaron 19 personas, de las cuales murieron 8 con síntomas de ataque hepático. Los hongos que se identificaron según las investigaciones entre la población, son Amanita caesarea (Scop. ex. Fr.) Grev., A. gemmata (Fr.) Gill. y A. magnivelaris Peck, el primero es comestible de excelente calidad, el segundo provoca únicamente molestias gastrointestinales y el tercero produce la muerte; dicha especie pertence al grupo de A. bisporigera Atk., caracterizada por su contenido en alcaloides altamente venenosos. Este es el primer registro de A. magnivelaris en Guatemala


Subject(s)
Humans , Mycotoxicosis/mortality , Guatemala
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