ABSTRACT
The published single-case design (SCD) research (N = 19 articles) on self-monitoring and reading performance was synthesized. The following inclusion criteria were used: (a) the study must have been peer-reviewed, (b) implemented an intervention targeting student self-monitoring of reading skills, (c) included data on at least 1 reading outcome, (d) included visual representation of the data, and (f) the study must have used an SCD to assess the topic of interest. A total of 67 participants, 45 males and 22 females, ranging in age from 7:8 -18:7 were included in the current meta-analysis. Ethnicity was reported for 42 students: 23 were Caucasian, 12 were African American, and 7 were Latino/Hispanic. Studies were compared with those meeting What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) standards and those not meeting standards. The Tau-U effect size (ES) method was the main calculation method used; however, Phi ES estimates are included for comparison purposes. Results indicated that self-monitoring had an overall significant large positive effect on the reading performance of K-12 students, Tau-U = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.64, 0.93], p < .0001. However, self-monitoring for studies that met WWC criteria yielded a larger overall positive ES, Tau-U = 0.93, 95% CI [0.79, 1.07], p < .0001. Although the current meta-analysis is limited to peer-reviewed SCD studies, the findings provide support for self-monitoring as an evidence-based reading intervention for students in Grades K-12. Furthermore, findings indicate that larger ES values were identified when consolidating studies based on WWC guidelines as compared with consolidating across all studies. (PsycINFO Database Record
Subject(s)
Academic Performance , Child Behavior/psychology , Reading , Schools , Self-Control/psychology , Students/psychology , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The high prevalence of dioecy in marine angiosperms or seagrasses (>50% of all species) is thought to enforce cross-fertilization. However, seagrasses are clonal plants, and they may still be subject to sibling-mating or bi-parental inbreeding if the genetic neighborhood is smaller than the size of the genets. We tested this by determining the genetic neighborhoods of the dioecious seagrass Thalassia testudinum at two sites (Back-Reef and Mid-Lagoon) in Puerto Morelos Reef Lagoon, Mexico, by measuring dispersal of pollen and seeds in situ, and by fine-scale spatial autocorrelation analysis with eight polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers. Prevalence of inbreeding was verified by estimating pairwise kinship coefficients; and by analysing the genotypes of seedlings grown from seeds in mesocosms. Average dispersal of pollen was 0.3-1.6 m (max. 4.8 m) and of seeds was 0.3-0.4 m (max. 1.8 m), resulting in a neighborhood area of 7.4 m2 (range 3.4-11.4 m2) at Back-Reef and 1.9 (range 1.87-1.92 m2) at Mid-Lagoon. Neighborhood area (Na) derived from spatial autocorrelation was 0.1-20.5 m2 at Back-Reef and 0.1-16.9 m2 at Mid-Lagoon. Maximal extensions of the genets, in 19 × 30 m plots, were 19.2 m (median 7.5 m) and 10.8 m (median 4.8 m) at Back-Reef and Mid-Lagoon. There was no indication of deficit or excess of heterozygotes nor were coefficients of inbreeding (FIS) significant. The seedlings did not show statistically significant deficit of heterozygotes (except for 1 locus at Back-Reef). Contrary to our expectations, we did not find evidence of bi-parental inbreeding in this dioecious seagrass with large genets but small genetic neighborhoods. Proposed mechanisms to avoid bi-parental inbreeding are possible selection against homozygotes during fecundation or ovule development. Additionally, the genets grew highly dispersed (aggregation index Ac was 0.09 and 0.10 for Back-Reef and Mid-Lagoon, respectively); such highly dispersed guerrilla-like clonal growth form likely increases the probability of crossing between different potentially unrelated genets.
ABSTRACT
The role of cellular immune response in dengue virus infection is not yet fully understood. Only few studies in murine models propose that CD8(+) T-cells are associated with protection from infection and disease. At the light of recent reports about the protective role of CD8(+) T-cells in humans and the no correlation between neutralizing antibodies and protection observed in several studies, a vaccine based on cell-mediated immunity constitute an attractive approach. Our group has developed a capsid-based vaccine as nucleocpasid-like particles from dengue-2 virus, which induced a protective CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell-mediated immunity in mice, without the contribution of neutralizing antibodies. Herein we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this molecule in monkeys. Neither IgG antibodies against the whole virus nor neutralizing antibodies were elicited after the antigen inoculation. However, animals developed a cell-mediated immunity, measured by gamma interferon secretion and cytotoxic capacity. Although only one out of three vaccinated animals was fully protected against viral challenge, a viral load reduction was observed in this group compared with the placebo one, suggesting that capsid could be the base on an attractive vaccine against dengue.
Subject(s)
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Dengue Vaccines/immunology , Dengue Virus/immunology , Dengue/prevention & control , Animals , Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Capsid Proteins/immunology , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , Dengue/immunology , Dengue Vaccines/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Interferon-gamma/metabolism , Male , Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Subunit/immunology , Viral LoadSubject(s)
Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Albendazole/adverse effects , Anticestodal Agents/adverse effects , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/parasitology , Encephalitis/etiology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Neurocysticercosis/diagnostic imaging , Neurocysticercosis/drug therapy , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
As a response to the antivenom shortage in Sub-Saharan Africa, evident for well over a decade, we developed a new polyvalent anti-ophidian antivenom (Antivipmyn((R)) Africa) designed for use in the region. We report a detailed characterization of its biochemical composition (protein content and profiling by size-exclusion chromatography and electrophoresis) as well as the specific and para-specific neutralization potencies (as median effective dose in the mouse lethality test). Additionally, we studied the neutralization of hemorrhagic, anti-hemostatic and necrotic activities of Echis ocellatus venom, responsible for a majority of severe envenomations in the continent according to existing epidemiological data. The antivenom is currently under production and has already been employed in the field in a pragmatic Phase III clinical trial in the Republic of Benin. It is a purified lyophilized polyvalent equine F(ab')(2)-based product obtained by immunization with the venoms of eleven species of African snakes of the Genera Echis, Bitis, Naja and Dendroaspis. The criteria for its design are discussed, particularly in terms of the implementation of realistic public health policies targeting mostly rural populations in the continent.
Subject(s)
Antivenins/immunology , Elapid Venoms/antagonists & inhibitors , Viper Venoms/antagonists & inhibitors , Africa , Animals , Antivenins/biosynthesis , Antivenins/chemistry , Blood Coagulation Disorders , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drug Stability , Elapid Venoms/immunology , Elapid Venoms/toxicity , Hemorrhage , Horses , Lethal Dose 50 , Mice , Necrosis , Neutralization Tests , Species Specificity , Viper Venoms/immunology , Viper Venoms/toxicityABSTRACT
Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms has evolved since the introduction of detachable coils. Sole stenting is a brand-new technique that has recently emerged as a definitive treatment for saccular or fusiform aneurysms at particular locations. Superior cerebellar artery aneurysms are rare, and few treated cases have been reported. Most of them have been treated surgically, and endovascular cases usually have been managed with occlusion of the parent vessel. The authors report on the first two endovascularly treated cases with complete cure of the aneurysm as well as preservation of the parent vessel and distal circulation via the sole stenting technique. The results together with several aspects of the technique, such as the correction of the angle of the vessel and modification of the shear stress, are discussed.
Subject(s)
Angioplasty , Cerebellum/blood supply , Intracranial Aneurysm/therapy , Stents , Adult , Angiography, Digital Subtraction , Basilar Artery/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Angiography , Humans , Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , MaleABSTRACT
Six bread formulations were developed, using different proportions of whole-wheat flour, chia seeds and flaxseed flour. All of our formulations were added with folic acid. Sensorial and texture evaluations were performed, showing good acceptance of the products. Proximal chemical analysis was carried out; in addition, the following parameters were determined: calcium, phosphorus, total dietary fiber, folic acid, water hydration capacity, Glucose Dialysis Retardation Index (GDRI) and fatty acids. The results obtained showed higher protein levels in the developed breads (23.23-30.24 (g/100g dry matter) as compared to a control (21.00% of proteins in bread elaborated without chia or flaxseed). Furthermore, the breads contained 10.07-12.15 of lipids (g/100g dry matter) (linoleic acid: 2.43-4.05%; linolenic acid: 1.12-4.46 %; oleic acid: 2.93-6.13 %), GDRI values were between 89.1 and 98.1 % and folic acid was in the range 699.44 - 991.3 (microg/100g dry matter). The same parameters were determined in the chia seed and in the flaxseed flour. It was concluded that; due to their high levels of protein, insaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6), dietary fiber and folic acid, these breads have a high nutritional value, so they could have special benefits for woman.
Subject(s)
Bread/analysis , Food Technology/methods , Food, Fortified , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Female , Folic Acid , Humans , Linseed Oil , Nutritive Value , Salvia , Glycine max , TriticumABSTRACT
OBJECT: The goal of this study was to examine the role of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) and adjuvant neuroendoscopic procedures by assessing the outcome in 10 patients with craniopharyngiomas who were treated between 1998 and 2001. METHODS: In 10 consecutive patients (six males and four females, mean age 12 years [range 7-32 years]), there were nine mixed and one solid craniopharyngioma. In the last three cases, neuroendoscopic procedures were conducted. Two cases required insertion of an Ommaya reservoir. In another case partial removal of the cyst wall was performed using an endoscope to create a communication with the cerebrospinal pathways and thereby preclude the need for shunt insertion. CONCLUSIONS: Multimodal management of craniopharyngiomas seems to provide a better rate of survival and greater long-term disease control. It is suggested that GKS combined with adjuvant neuroendoscopy should be used as an alternative in treating recurrent or residual craniopharyngiomas if additional microsurgical removal cannot guarantee a cure.
Subject(s)
Craniopharyngioma/surgery , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Radiosurgery , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Endoscopy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Microsurgery , Neurosurgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Se evaluó la calidad proteínica de los cuerpos fructíferos de tres cepas mexicanas de Pleurotus ostreatus (INIREB-8, CDBB-H-896 y CDBB-H-897), cultivadas en invernadero, temperatura registrada de: 22-28 grados Celsius y 75-85 por ciento de humedad relativa, en paja de trigo como substrato. La concentración de proteína (Nx4.38), osciló entre 17.26 y 19.97 g/100g en peso seco. Sus puntajes químicos estuvieron entre 74 a 93 por ciento la lisina disponible el primer aminoácido limitante para las cepas INIREB-8 y CDBB-H-896 y la leucina para la CDBB-H-897. Los valores de digestibilidad in vitro fueron de: 67.75-68.38 por ciento. El valor protínico relativo varió de 100.06 a 107.85 por ciento, siendo menor que el del frijol soya cocido y huevo entero; e iguales estadísticamente a los de la leche descremada en polvo, caseína más metionina y albúmina; y superiores a los del arroz, maíz, frijol, lenteja, haba y pasta para sopa. En función de lo anterior se puede concluir que por su contenido de aminoácidos esenciales, las proteínas de las setas (especialmente la cepa INIREB-8) se complementan adecuadamente con la de los cereales, por lo cual es altamente recomendable incluirlas en la dieta diaria.
Subject(s)
Plant Proteins/analysis , Plants, Edible/chemistry , Pleurotus/chemistry , Mexico , Nutritive ValueABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados obtenidos al estudiar la inhibición de la multiplicación del virus dengue por los interferones alfa y gamma in vitro. Las células LLCMK-2 utilizadas en el estudio fueron tratadas previamente con diferentes diluciones de interferón, en intervalos de 6, 12, 24 y 36 horas antes de la inoculación de dos cepas del virus Dengue aisladas durante la epidemia de Fiebre Hemorrágica de Dengue (FHD) ocurrida en Cuba en 1981, una de ellas procedente de un paciente con un cuadro clínico de Dengue clásico y la otra aislada del hígado de un paciente fallecido por FHD. En ambos casos, tanto el interferón alfa como el gamma inhibieron la multiplicación viral en las células LLMCK-2, presentándose el mayor efecto antiviral en los tiempos prolongados del tratamiento previo con interferón. Además, se observó que aparentemente la cepa hemorrágica fue inhibida con mayor fuerza por el interferón alfa que la cepa no hemorrágica. Teniendo en cuenta la morbilidad y mortalidad de la FHD y el peligro de su aparición en forma epidémica en las Américas y el Caribe, se recomienda continuar los estudios relacionados con el dengue e interferón tanto in vitro como in vivo
Subject(s)
Dengue Virus/drug effects , In Vitro Techniques , Interferon Type I/pharmacology , Interferon-gamma/pharmacologyABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados obtenidos al estudiar la inhibición de la multiplicación del virus dengue por los interferones alfa y gamma in vitro. Las células LLCMK-2 utilizadas en el estudio fueron tratadas previamente con diferentes diluciones de interferón, en intervalos de 6, 12, 24 y 36 horas antes de la inoculación de dos cepas del virus Dengue aisladas durante la epidemia de Fiebre Hemorrágica de Dengue (FHD) ocurrida en Cuba en 1981, una de ellas procedente de un paciente con un cuadro clínico de Dengue clásico y la otra aislada del hígado de un paciente fallecido por FHD. En ambos casos, tanto el interferón alfa como el gamma inhibieron la multiplicación viral en las células LLMCK-2, presentándose el mayor efecto antiviral en los tiempos prolongados del tratamiento previo con interferón. Además, se observó que aparentemente la cepa hemorrágica fue inhibida con mayor fuerza por el interferón alfa que la cepa no hemorrágica. Teniendo en cuenta la morbilidad y mortalidad de la FHD y el peligro de su aparición en forma epidémica en las Américas y el Caribe, se recomienda continuar los estudios relacionados con el dengue e interferón tanto in vitro como in vivo
