In Combo Studies for the Optimization of 5-Aminoanthranilic Acid Derivatives as Potential Multitarget Drugs for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors that consist of abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, alterations in the lipid profile, and hyperglycemia. The current therapeutic strategy includes polypharmacy, using three or more drugs to control each syndrome component. However, this approach has drawbacks that could lead to therapeutic failure. Multitarget drugs are molecules with the ability to act on different targets simultaneously and are an attractive alternative for treating complex diseases such as metabolic syndrome. Previously, we identified a triamide derivative of 5-aminoanthranilic acid that exhibited hypoglycemic, hypolipemic, and antihypertensive activities simultaneously. In the present study, we report the synthesis and in combo evaluation of new derivatives of anthranilic acid, intending to identify the primary structural factors that improve the activity over metabolic syndrome-related parameters. We found that substitution on position 5, incorporation of 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl substituents, and having a free carboxylic acid group lead to the in vitro inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, and simultaneously the diminution of the serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in a diet-induced in vivo model.

Fever without source as the first manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants less than 90 days old.

Fever without source (FWS) in infants is a frequent cause of consultation at the emergency department, and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 could affect the approach to those infants. The aim of this study is to define the clinical characteristics and rates of bacterial coinfections of infants < 90 days with FWS as the first manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a cross-sectional study of infants under 90 days of age with FWS and positive SARS-CoV2 PCR in nasopharyngeal swab/aspirate, attended at the emergency departments of 49 Spanish hospitals (EPICO-AEP cohort) from March 1 to June 26, 2020. Three hundred and thirty-three children with COVID-19 were included in EPICO-AEP. A total of 67/336 (20%) were infants less than 90 days old, and 27/67(40%) presented with FWS. Blood cultures were performed in 24/27(89%) and were negative in all but one (4%) who presented a Streptococcus mitis bacteremia. Urine culture was performed in 26/27(97%) children and was negative in all, except in two (7%) patients. Lumbar puncture was performed in 6/27(22%) cases, with no growth of bacteria. Two children had bacterial coinfections: 1 had UTI and bacteremia, and 1 had UTI. C-reactive was protein over 20 mg/L in two children (one with bacterial coinfection), and procalcitonin was normal in all. One child was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit because of apnea episodes. No patients died.Conclusion: FWS was frequent in infants under 90 days of age with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Standardized markers to rule out bacterial infections remain useful in this population, and the outcome is generally good. What is Known: • Fever without source (FWS) in infants is a common cause of consultation at the emergency department, and young infants have a higher risk of serious bacterial infections (SBI). • The emergence of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 could affect the approach to young infants with FWS in the emergency department. management of those children is a challenge because information about bacterial coinfection and prognosis is scarce. What is New: • SARS-CoV-2 infection should be ruled out in young infants (< 90 days of age) with FWS in areas with community transmission. • Bacterial coinfection rarely coexists in those infants. • Inflammatory markers were not increased in children without bacterial coinfection. • Outcome is good in most patients.

Importancia de la planeación en la gestión de vivienda social: caso Buenaventura (Colombia) / Importance of planning in social housing management: case Buenaventura (Colombia) / Importância do planejamento na gestão de habitação social: caso Buenaventura (Colômbia)

Resumen Introducción: el crecimiento poblacional y la variedad de actividades económicas concentran a las personas en ciertas regiones. Este hecho exige obras de infraestructura que, en ocasiones, fracasan porque se localizan en la periferia de las ciudades. A esta realidad se enfrentan proyectos de vivienda de interés social, que para el caso de Buenaventura (Colombia), que si bien es cierto están respondiendo para cubrir el déficit cuantitativo de vivienda, no han incorporado aspectos sociales relacionados con el impacto en confort y comodidad de los beneficiarios de estos proyectos. Objetivo: en este artículo se invita a la reflexión del quehacer ocupacional del arquitecto y del ingeniero hacia la gestión de proyectos que demuestren que la articulación de estas disciplinas sensiblemente puede beneficiar la ejecución de las obras, toda vez que se contemple que el proceso de planeación involucra dinámicas flexibles y participativas de manera multi y transdisciplinaria con la comunidad de usuarios. Materiales y métodos: se realizó la revisión técnico-administrativa a tres proyectos entregados en el 2015 por la Dirección Técnica de Vivienda (DTV) de Buenaventura. Resultados: el estudio muestra que, aunque estos proyectos obedecieron a un trabajo de planeación multidisciplinario entre la arquitectura y la ingeniería, no ofrecieron bienestar total a la población beneficiada por cuanto la localización de estos está afectando la economía de los propietarios debido al aumento en tiempos de desplazamiento y en costos ante la búsqueda de soluciones adecuadas y oportunas para la movilidad. Conclusiones: debe mantenerse un trabajo participativo entre profesionales y la comunidad que recibe el proyecto para obtener mayores beneficios.

Abstract Introduction: population growth and the variety of economic activities concentrate people in certain regions. This fact demands infrastructure works that, sometimes, fail because they are in the periphery of the cities. Social housing projects are facing this reality, which in the case of Buenaventura (Colombia), which although they are responding to cover the quantitative housing deficit, have not incorporated social aspects related to the impact on comfort and convenience. of the beneficiaries of these projects. Objective: this article invites reflection on the occupational work of the architect and the engineer towards the management of projects that demonstrate that the articulation of these disciplines can significantly benefit the execution of the works, provided that the planning process is contemplated it involves flexible and participative dynamics in a multi and transdisciplinary way with the community of users. Materials and methods: the technical-administrative review was carried out on three projects delivered in 2015 by the Housing Technical Directorate (DTV) of Buenaventura. Results: the study shows that, although these projects were due to a multidisciplinary planning work between architecture and engineering, they did not offer total welfare to the beneficiary population because the location of these is affecting the owners' economy due to the increase in travel times and costs in the search for adequate and timely solutions for mobility. Conclusions: participatory work should be maintained between professionals and the community that receives the project to obtain greater benefits.

Resumo Introdução: o crescimento populacional e a variedade de atividades econômicas concentram as pessoas em certas regiões. Esse fato exige obras de infraestrutura que, às vezes, falham por serem na periferia das cidades. Os projetos de habitação de interesse social estão enfrentando esta realidade, que no caso de Buenaventura (Colômbia), que embora respondam para cobrir o déficit habitacional quantitativo, não incorporou aspectos sociais relacionados ao impacto no conforto e comodidade dos beneficiários desses projetos. Objetivo: este artigo convida à reflexão sobre o trabalho ocupacional do arquiteto e do engenheiro na gestão de projetos que demonstrem que a articulação dessas disciplinas pode beneficiar significativamente a execução das obras, desde que o processo de planejamento seja contemplado por envolver dinâmicas flexíveis e participativas em de forma multi e transdisciplinar com a comunidade de usuários. Materiais e métodos: a revisão técnico-administrativa foi realizada em três empreendimentos entregues em 2015 pela Diretoria Técnica de Habitação (DTV) de Buenaventura. Resultados: o estudo mostra que, embora esses projetos sejam decorrentes de um trabalho de planejamento multidisciplinar entre arquitetura e engenharia, eles não proporcionam bem-estar total à população beneficiária, pois a localização destes está afetando a economia dos proprietários devido ao aumento dos tempos de deslocamento. e custos na busca de soluções adequadas e oportunas para a mobilidade. Conclusões: o trabalho participativo deve ser mantido entre os profissionais e a comunidade que recebe o projeto para obter maiores benefícios.

Detection of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Blood from Equines from Four Indigenous Communities in Costa Rica.

A cross-sectional study was carried out in four indigenous communities of Costa Rica to detect presence and prevalence of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi and to investigate factors associated with presence of these hemoparasites. General condition of horses (n = 285) was evaluated, and hematocrits and hemoglobin were determined from blood samples of 130 horses, which were also analyzed using blood smears, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). The general condition of the horses (n = 285) in terms of their body and coat was between regular and poor, and hematocrit and hemoglobin average values were low (19% and 10.65 g/dL, resp.). Erythrocyte inclusions were observed in 32 (24.6%) of the samples. Twenty-six samples (20.0%) gave positive results for B. caballi and 60 (46.2%) for T. equi; 10 horses (7.7%) showed mixed infection, when analyzed by PCR. Using c-ELISA, it was found that 90 (69.2%) horses had antibodies against B. caballi and 115 (88.5%) against T. equi, while 81 (62.3%) showed mixed reactions. There were no factors associated with the presence of B. caballi and T. equi. These results contrast with results previously obtained in equines in the Central Valley of Costa Rica.

[Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infections in hospitalized patients]. / Factores de riesgo de infección por Clostridium difficile en pacientes hospitalizados.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors, and to estimate the crude effects attributable to hospital acquired Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Case-control study matched by age, gender, and admission date. Patient and healthcare risk factors were evaluated. Hospital stays and mortality were compared. RESULTS: Thirty-eight cases and 76 controls were included (mean age 73 years). Cases presented worse Charlson index (P .02), higher pre-infection stay (median 10 vs. 5.5 days) and had received antibiotic treatment more frequently (89.5 vs. 40.7%) than their control counterparts. Albuminemia < 3.5 gr/dL (OR 7.1; 1.4-37), having received cephalosporins (OR 10.1; 1.8-55.1), quinolones (OR 9.4; 1.1-41.1), or proton pump inhibitors (OR 6.6; 1.1-41.1) were associated with an independent higher risk of CDI. Total hospital stay (31 vs. 5.5 days), as well as crude mortality, was higher for cases than for control patients (31.6 vs. 6.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Receiving cephalosporins, quinolones and proton pump inhibitors, as well as hyponutrition, increase the risk of CDI. CDI is associated with relevant crude effects on mortality and excess of stay.