Social Motivation as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Problematic Internet Use and Alcohol Use Among Adolescents in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Prior research shows a link between alcohol use and problematic Internet use among adolescents. This relationship likely indicates a vulnerability to addiction; however, little is known about factors that may increase this vulnerability. One potential factor is social motivation. Adolescents often engage in Internet use and alcohol use as a way of connecting socially. This study examines the moderating effects of social motivation for Internet use on the relationship between problematic Internet use and alcohol use among adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 582 adolescents selected randomly from one middle school and one high school in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Participants answered questions related to demographics/background (including reasons for Internet use), problematic Internet use, and alcohol use. Hierarchical regression modeling examined the moderating effects of social Internet use on problematic Internet use and alcohol use, controlling for age and gender. RESULTS: Social Internet use and problematic Internet use accounted for a significant amount of variance in alcohol use (R2 = .126, F(4, 575) = 20.77, p < .001). When the interaction term was entered, social Internet use was found to moderate the relationship between problematic Internet use and alcohol use (ß = .525, t = 3.293, p = .001), and the direct effects of social Internet use (ß = -.062, t = -0.663, p = .507) and problematic Internet use (ß = -.129, t = -1.053, p = .293) were no longer significant. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the role that social connections may play in contributing to problematic Internet use and alcohol use among adolescents. Interventions aimed at preventing problematic and addictive behaviors among adolescents should address the role of social motivations.

Alcohol, age at first sexual intercourse and number of sexual partners in young Mexican women.

AIM: To identify the relationship between use of alcohol, number of sexual partners and age of sexual initiation. METHOD: Descriptive-correlational study. A random sample of 319 young women (age 18-25) from Nuevo Laredo, Mexico was recruited. A sociodemographic data sheet and the AUDIT questionnaire were used. Non-parametric Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis H test were selected. RESULTS: On average the participants were 20.70 years old (±2.1), had 1.86 sexual partners (±1.27), started drinking alcohol at the age of 16.82 (±1.79), and their first sexual intercourse was at the age of 17.38 (±1.65). There was a decrease in the age of onset of alcohol use (H=16.646, p<.001) and the age at first sexual intercourse (H=26.749, p<.001) on the lower their current age. The overall AUDIT score negatively correlated with the age of the participants on their first sexual intercourse (rs=-.168, p<.001) and positively correlated with the number of sexual partners (rs=.243, p<.001). The aforementioned correlations were more intense among the younger participants (18- and 19-year olds; p<.01). CONCLUSIONS: There was an association between higher use of alcohol, early age of sexual initiation and number of sexual partners. Nursing professionals may address such variables simultaneously through preventive strategies directed specifically at young women.

Clima escolar como factor protector para el consumo de drogas en adolescentes de preparatoria / School climate as a protective factor for substance use in high school adolescents

Resumen Marco contextual: El clima escolar se considera un factor protector para el consumo de drogas. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación del clima escolar con el consumo de drogas por los adolescentes. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional predictivo. Muestreo por conglomerados unietápico y una muestra de 227 estudiantes de 15 a 18 años. Se aplicó una Cédula de Identificación de Características Personales y Consumo de Drogas y la Escala de Clima Escolar (MDS3). Resultados: Se identificó que cuando existe percepción positiva de seguridad (OR = 0,904; p < 0,01), existe menor consumo de alcohol en la última semana, lo que explica el 8,2% de la varianza. Por otra parte, el clima escolar positivo no predice el consumo de tabaco, sin embargo, existe menor probabilidad de consumo de tabaco en el último año cuando existe una percepción positiva del ambiente escolar (OR = 0,884; p < 0,05). Conclusión: La percepción positiva de seguridad en el clima escolar se asocia con el no consumo de alcohol en la última semana, sin embargo, no predice el consumo de tabaco.

Abstract Background: The school climate is a protective factor for substance use. Objective: To identify the association between school climate and substance use in adolescents. Methodology: Predictive descriptive-correlational study. Single-stage cluster sampling and a sample of 227 students aged 15 to 18 years. A Personal Traits and Drug Consumption Identity Card and the School Climate Survey (MDS3) were applied. Results: Participants had a positive perception of safety (OR = 0.904; p < 0.01). There was less alcohol consumption in the last week, explaining 8.2% of the variance. Although a positive school climate does not predict tobacco use, a positive perception of the school environment results in a lower probability of tobacco use in the last year (OR = 0.884; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although a positive perception of safety in the school climate is associated with no alcohol consumption in the last week, it does not predict tobacco use.

Resumo Enquadramento: O clima escolar é considerado um fator de proteção para o consumo de drogas. Objetivo: Identificar a associação do clima escolar com o uso de drogas por adolescentes. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo correlacional preditivo. Amostragem por conglomerados num estágio e amostra de 227 alunos de 15 a 18 anos. Foram aplicados o Cartão de Identificação de Características Pessoais e Consumo de Medicamentos e a Escala de Clima Escolar (MDS3). Resultados: Identificou-se que quando há perceção positiva de segurança (OR = 0,904; p < 0,01) há menor consumo de álcool na última semana, explicando 8,2% da variância. Por outro lado, um clima escolar positivo não prediz o uso de tabaco, porém, há menor probabilidade de uso de tabaco no último ano quando há uma perceção positiva do ambiente escolar (OR = 0,884; p < 0,05). Conclusão: A perceção positiva de segurança no clima escolar está associada ao não consumo de álcool na última semana, porém não prediz o uso de tabaco.

Alcohol, age at first sexual intercourse and number of sexual partners in young Mexican women. / Alcohol, edad de la primera relación sexual y número de parejas sexuales en jóvenes mexicanas.

AIM: To identify the relationship between use of alcohol, number of sexual partners and age of sexual initiation. METHOD: Descriptive-correlational study. A random sample of 319 young women (age 18-25) from Nuevo Laredo, Mexico was recruited. A sociodemographic data sheet and the AUDIT questionnaire were used. Non-parametric Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis H test were selected. RESULTS: On average the participants were 20.70 years old (±2.1), had had 1.86 sexual partners (±1.27), started drinking alcohol at the age of 16.82 (±1.79), and their first sexual intercourse was at the age of 17.38 (±1.65). There was a decrease in the age of onset of alcohol use (H=16.646, p <.001) and the age at first sexual intercourse (H=26.749, P<.001) on the lower their current age. The overall AUDIT score negatively correlated with the age of the participants on their first sexual intercourse (rs=-.168, P<.001) and positively correlated with the number of sexual partners (rs=.243, P<.001). The aforementioned correlations were more intense among the younger participants (18- and 19-year olds; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: There was an association between higher use of alcohol, early age of sexual initiation and number of sexual partners. Nursing professionals may address such variables simultaneously through preventive strategies directed specifically at young women.

Crianza parental, sucesos de vida y consumo de drogas en adolescentes escolarizados / Parental Breeding, Life Events and Drug Use in Adolescent Students / Criação parental, acontecimentos de vida e consumo de drogas em adolescentes escolarizados

El consumo de drogas en los adolescentes es multifactorial, aunque existen factores clave para el desarrollo de esta conducta relacionados con la familia y experiencias de vida. Objetivo: identificar la relación existente entre la percepción de la crianza parental y los sucesos de vida con el consumo de sustancias lícitas e ilícitas en adolescentes. Metodología: el diseño fue descriptivo correlacionai, con muestreo probabilístico por conglomerados unietápico. Se obtuvo una muestra de 371 estudiantes de preparatoria de un municipio del estado de Nuevo León, México, donde se consideró un intervalo de confianza del 95%, una potencia de prueba del 90%, un efecto de diseño de 1,5 y una tasa de no respuesta del 10%. Para recolectar la información se utilizó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos y de prevalencia de consumo de drogas y la Escala de Estilos Parentales Percibidos (mis memorias de crianza, sucesos de vida) y la Prueba de Identificación de los Trastornos por Uso de Alcohol. La confiabilidad de los instrumentos fue aceptable. Resultados: la crianza parental se relacionó negativa y significativamente con el consumo de alcohol, marihuana y sustancias inhalables. Los sucesos de vida se relacionaron positiva y significativamente con el consumo de alcohol, marihuana, cocaína y sustancias inhalables. Los sucesos de vida expresan el 14% de la varianza explicada para el consumo de alcohol. Conclusiones: a menor crianza parental, mayor es el consumo de alcohol, marihuana e inhalables; y los sucesos de vida influyen en el consumo de alcohol, marihuana, cocaína y sustancias inhalables.

Drug use in adolescents is multifactorial, there are key factors for the development of this behavior related to family and life experiences. Objective: To identify the relationship between parental breeding perception and life events with licit and illicit substance use in adolescents. Methodology: The design was descriptive correlational, with single-stage probability sampling by conglomerates, obtaining a sample of 371 high school students in a municipality of the State of Nuevo León, Mexico, where it was considered a confidence interval of 95%, a test potency of 90%, a design effect of 1.5 and a non-response rate of 10%. For the data collection a socio-demographic identity card, prevalence of drug use data and the perceived parenting styles scale were used: My Memories of Parenting, Life Events and Proof of Identification Alcohol Use Disorders. The reliability of the instruments was acceptable. Results: Parental breeding was negative and significantly related to alcohol, marihuana and inhalants substances. The life events were positive and significantly related to alcohol, marihuana and inhalants substances. Furthermore, life events express a 14% of the explained variance for alcohol use. Conclusions: At lower parental breeding, higher alcohol, marihuana and inhalants substances is present; and life events influence alcohol, marihuana, cocaine and inhalants substances.

O consumo de drogas nos adolescentes é multifactorial, existem fatores finque para o desenvolvimento desta conduta relacionados à família e experiências de vida. Objetivo: identificar a relação que existe entre a percepção da criação parental e os acontecimentos de vida com o consumo de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas em adolescentes. Metodologia: o desenho foi descritivo correlacionai, com amostragem probabilístico por conglomerados unietápico, obtendo-se uma mostra de 371 estudantes de preparatoria de um município do Estado de Nuevo León, México, onde se considerou um intervalo de confiança de 95%, uma potência de prova de 90%, um efeito de desenho de 1,5 e uma taxa de não resposta um 10%. Para a coleta de informação utilizou-se uma cédula de dados sociodemográficos e de prevalencia de consumo de drogas, a escala de estilos parentales percebidos: minhas memórias de criação, acontecimentos de vida e a prova de identificação dos transtornos por uso de álcool, a fiabilidade dos instrumentos foi aceitável. Resultados: a criação parental relacionou-se negativa e significativamente com o consumo de álcool, o consumo de maconha, e inhalables. Os acontecimentos de vida relacionaram-se positiva e significativamente com o consumo de álcool, de maconha, cocaína e substâncias inhalables. Ademais os acontecimentos de vida expressam o 14% da varianza explicada para o consumo de álcool. Conclusões: a menor criação parental, maior é o consumo de álcool, maconha e substâncias inhalables; e os acontecimentos de vida influem no consumo de álcool, maconha, cocaína e substâncias inhalables.

Upbringing, interpersonal difficulties and drug use / Criação parental, dificuldades interpessoais e consumo de drogas / Crianza parental, dificultades interpersonales y consumo de drogas

Determining upbringing and interpersonal difficulties among those drug consumers and non consumers and identifying the relationship and effects of upbringing and interpersonal difficulties on drug consumption through a descriptive and correlative study using adolescents selected through cluster sampling. The study discovered that upbringing and interpersonal difficulties can predict having ever consumed alcohol and having consumed it within the last year. When a negative perception of upbringing exists, alcohol consumption exists; the greater the number of interpersonal difficulties, the greater the adolescents' alcohol consumption...