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1.
Commun Biol ; 7(1): 135, 2024 01 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38280981

ABSTRACT

Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated infectious diarrhea. The development of C.difficile infection is tied to perturbations of the bacterial community in the gastrointestinal tract, called the gastrointestinal microbiota. Repairing the gastrointestinal microbiota by introducing lab-designed bacterial communities, or defined microbial communities, has recently shown promise as therapeutics against C.difficile infection, however, the mechanisms of action of defined microbial communities remain unclear. Using an antibiotic- C.difficile mouse model, we report the ability of an 18-member community and a refined 4-member community to protect mice from two ribotypes of C.difficile (CD027, CD078; p < 0.05). Furthermore, bacteria-free supernatant delivered orally to mice from the 4-member community proteolyzed C.difficile toxins in vitro and protected mice from C.difficile infection in vivo (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that bacteria-free supernatant is sufficient to protect mice from C.difficile; and could be further explored as a therapeutic strategy against C.difficile infection.


Subject(s)
Clostridium Infections , Microbiota , Animals , Mice , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology , Diarrhea/prevention & control , Diarrhea/microbiology , Bacteria , Clostridium Infections/prevention & control , Clostridium Infections/microbiology
2.
Gut Microbes ; 15(1): 2181922, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36843008

ABSTRACT

Proteases are an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that degrade peptide bonds and have been implicated in several common gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Although luminal proteolytic activity is important for maintenance of homeostasis and health, the current review describes recent advances in our understanding of how overactivity of luminal proteases contributes to the pathophysiology of celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and GI infections. Luminal proteases, many of which are produced by the microbiota, can modulate the immunogenicity of dietary antigens, reduce mucosal barrier function and activate pro-inflammatory and pro-nociceptive host signaling. Increased proteolytic activity has been ascribed to both increases in protease production and decreases in inhibitors of luminal proteases. With the identification of strains of bacteria that are important sources of proteases and their inhibitors, the stage is set to develop drug or microbial therapies to restore protease balance and alleviate disease.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins , Celiac Disease , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Peptide Hydrolases , Humans , Bacteria/genetics , Bacteria/metabolism , Endopeptidases , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology , Peptide Hydrolases/genetics , Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
4.
J Palliat Med ; 25(1): 135-144, 2022 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34665661

ABSTRACT

Palliative care is provided by an interdisciplinary team, including physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, social workers, chaplains, and other disciplines based on need. Music therapists and art therapists are becoming increasingly available to palliative care teams and are advancing the diverse and unique clinical services available to effectively meet the holistic needs of patients with serious illnesses and their families. This article provides a concrete exploration of clinical music therapy and art therapy within palliative care and hospice paradigms, with discussion of therapists' training and expertise, therapeutic approaches within the setting of interprofessional team-based care, and discussion of evidence-based symptom management and outcomes supporting the inclusion of music and art therapies within medical education and clinical employment.


Subject(s)
Art Therapy , Hospice Care , Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing , Music Therapy , Humans , Palliative Care
5.
Acta odontol. venez ; 39(1): 57-60, 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-315018

ABSTRACT

Quizás ningún otro material ha experimentado tantas modificaciones desde su presentación como el vidrio ionomérico. Este cemento ha presentado modificaciones no sólo en su composición y estructura original, sino también en sus indicaiciones y sus aplicaciones clínicas, lo que ha traído como consecuencia confusión cuando se habla de vidrio ionomérico, compómero o de cualquiera otra modificación realizada a dicho material. El cemento de vidrio ionomérico es un cemento de reacción ácido-base, siendo el ácido un homopolímero o copolímero de ácidos alquenoicos. El componente básico es un aluminio silicato de vidrio que contiene flúor. La introducción de las versiones modificadas con resina representan un intento más reciente de obtener algunas mejoras sobre las desventajas de los vidrios ionoméricos convencionales. La modificación implica grupos acrilatos en la parte poliácida del cemento convencional. La reacción de establecimiento ácido-base del cemento de vidrio ionomérico es suplementada por una reacción de polimerización de la resina de los monómeros como el HEMA y el bis-GMA o de cadenas sobre la molécula de poliácidos iniciada por la luz visible. El primer compómero comercialmente disponible estaba combinado con un imprimador de autograbado, que contenía un promotor de adhesión basado en la acetona con un componente activo PENTA (ácido ésterdipentaericitol pentacrilato fosfórico) y monómeros dimetacrilatos elastoméricos e iniciadores. El contenido restaurativo polimerizable ácido y otros monómeros como UDMA y resina TCB (un biéster de 2 HEMA y ácido tetracarboxílico butano) y vidrio de sodiofluorurosilicato de aluminio estroncio. En consecuencia, los compómeros constituyen un grupo de materiales sin relación con los vidrios ionoméricos; los compómeros no son vidrios ionoméricos, sino resinas reforzadas fotopolimerizables con algunas diferencias respecto a las resinas tradicionales. La terminología de algunas de las combinaciones de vidrio ionomérico/resina más nuevas es muy contradictoria y confusa. En esta revisión se han conseguido términos diferentes para agentes de cementación y materiales restauradores con una combinación de vidrio ionomérico y la química de la resina entre los cuales se incluye al compómero


Subject(s)
Glass Ionomer Cements/classification , Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry , Compomers/classification , Compomers/chemistry , Composite Resins , Carboxylic Acids/chemistry , Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry , Aluminum Silicates , Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate , Dental Materials , Fluorides , Acid Etching, Dental/methods , Polymers/classification , Polymers/chemistry , Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate , Terminology
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