Factores sociodemográficos y salud mental en estudiantes de enfermería en tiempos de COVID-19 / Sociodemographic Factors and Mental Health in Nursing Students in Times of COVID-19

Introducción: La salud mental ha sido afectada durante la pandemia por COVID-19, también en los estudiantes de enfermería se ha observado un efecto negativo sobre sus niveles de depresión y ansiedad. Objetivo: Describir la relación existente entre los factores sociodemográficos y la salud mental de estudiantes de enfermería en tiempos de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, cuya población fue de 577 estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada de Trujillo, Perú, matriculados en el semestre 2021-01. Se tomó una muestra de 328 estudiantes mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Los datos se recolectaron mediante los cuestionarios para evaluar síntomas de ansiedad (GAD-7) y depresión (PHQ-9), estos instrumentos fueron enviados mediante un formulario de Google. Los datos fueron procesados y descritos en frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes; para el análisis inferencial se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Los factores sociodemográficos muestran que 31,10 por ciento pertenecía al primer ciclo, 95,70 por ciento era de género femenino, 31,40 por ciento tenía edades de hasta 18 años, 92,10 por ciento era soltero, 68,90 por ciento profesaba la religión católica y 85,40 por ciento indicó residir en el departamento de La Libertad. Asimismo, se encontró que 45,40 por ciento de los estudiantes tenía nivel leve de ansiedad y 19,80 por ciento nivel severo; además, 39,60 por ciento no presentó síntomas depresivos, 18,90 por ciento presentó depresión mayor leve y 2,10 por ciento depresión mayor severa, se encontró solo una relación estadística significativa entre el factor género y los síntomas depresivos (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: No se encontró relación entre los factores sociodemográficos y los síntomas de ansiedad(AU)

Introduction: Mental health has been affected during the pandemic by COVID-19, also in nursing students a negative effect on their levels of depression and anxiety has been observed. Objective: To describe the relationship between sociodemographic factors and mental health of nursing students in times of COVID-19. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, whose population was 577 nursing students of a private university in Trujillo, Peru, enrolled in the semester 2021-01. A sample of 328 students was taken by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaires to evaluate anxiety symptoms (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9), these instruments were sent through a Google form. Data were processed and described in absolute frequencies and percentages; Pearson's Chi-square test was used for inferential analysis. Results: The sociodemographic factors show that 31.10 percent belonged to the first cycle, 95.70 percent were female, 31.40 percent were aged up to 18 years, 92.10 percent were single, 68.90 percent professed the Catholic religion and 85.40 percent indicated residing in the department of La Libertad. It was also found that 45.40 percent of the students had mild anxiety and 19.80 percent severe anxiety; in addition, 39.60 percent did not present depressive symptoms, 18.90 percent presented mild major depression and 2.10 percent severe major depression; only a significant statistical relationship was found between the gender factor and depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusions: No relationship was found between sociodemographic factors and anxiety symptoms(AU)

An Unusual Case of Extra-Enteric Blastocystosis in the Uterine Cervix.

Extra-enteric infections by Blastocystis spp. have rarely been documented. Here, we report a case of extra-enteric blastocystosis in a patient with minimal cervicitis symptoms. A 47-year-old Hispanic female patient was attended in a primary health centre in Michoacan state, Mexico, for her routine gynaecological medical examination. As only symptom, she referred to a slight vaginal itching. The presence of several vacuolar-stages of Blastocystis spp. were identified by Papanicolaou staining; molecular identification was attempted by culture-PCR sequencing of a region of 18S gene from cervical and faecal samples obtained 2 months after cytological examination, even when patient declared that she tried self-medicating with vaginal ovules. Blastocystis ST1 was identified only in the faecal sample. The presence of Blastocystis spp. in the cervix of a patient with scarce symptomatology, demonstrates the extraordinary flexibility of this microorganism to adapt to new environments and niches.

Inhibition of Growth by Combined Treatment with Inhibitors of Lactate Dehydrogenase and either Phenformin or Inhibitors of 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3.

Enhanced glycolysis in cancer cells presents a target for chemotherapy. Previous studies have indicated that proliferation of cancer cells can be inhibited by treatment with phenformin and with an inhibitor of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB) namely 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO). In the present work, the action of two inhibitors that are effective at lower concentrations than 3PO, namely 1-(3-pyridinyl)-3-(2-quinolinyl)-2-propen-1-one (PQP) and 1-(4-pyridinyl)-3-(2-quinolinyl)-2-propen-1-one (PFK15) were investigated. The inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) studied in order of half-maximal inhibitory concentrations were methyl 1-hydroxy-6-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (NHI-2) < isosafrole < oxamate. In colonic and bladder cancer cells, additive growth inhibitory effects were seen with the LDHA inhibitors, of which NHI-2 was effective at the lowest concentrations. Growth inhibition was generally greater with PFK15 than with PQP. The increased acidification of the culture medium and glucose uptake caused by phenformin was blocked by combined treatment with PFKFB3 or LDHA inhibitors. The results suggest that combined treatment with phenformin and inhibitors of glycolysis can cause additive inhibition of cell proliferation and may mitigate lactic acidosis caused by phenformin when used as a single agent.

Anti-ulcer activity of Cyrtocarpa procera analogous to that of Amphipterygium adstringens, both assayed on the experimental gastric injury in rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The bark of Amphipterygium adstringens (Aa) is commonly mixed or adulterated with the bark of Cyrtocarpa procera (Cp) and sold in Mexican markets. Aa is a well known species in Mexico used as decoction to relieve ulcers. Scientific reports reinforcing the anti-ulcer activity of Aa have been previously described, but those describing the anti-ulcer properties of Cp as a substitute for Aa in folk medicine are scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate anatomical and phytochemical differences between these species, as well as to assess the anti-ulcer effect of Cp extracts in comparison to the Aa extracts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Anatomical micro-technique and physical and spectroscopic data were used to analyze differences between Cp and Aa. Regard to the pharmacological activity, it was assessed by using the ethanol-induced gastric damage model in rats. RESULTS: Whereas the bark anatomy of Aa was characterized by vertical canals in the periderm and the rare occurrence of fibers in its phloem, a periderm without vertical canals and abundant fibers in the phloem were distinctive features of Cp. Phytochemical analysis allowed the identification of tirucallane, masticadienonic and 3α-hydroxymasticadienonic acids as major components in Aa, while ß-amyrin and ß-sitosterol were obtained from Cp. Gastric lesions observed in the control group decreased in the presence of 100mg/kg of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from the normal or regenerated bark of Cp, thus resembling the anti-ulcer effect of Aa. Nevertheless, major anti-ulcer potency was observed with the most active methanol extract from Cp obtained from normal [the effective dose fifty ED(50)=45.54 mg/kg] or regenerated (ED(50)=36.68 mg/kg) bark in comparison to Aa (ED(50)=115.64 mg/kg). CONCLUSION: Chemical and anatomical differences were found between these species, but since the anti-ulcer activity of Cp is similar to that shown by Aa our results reinforce the use of both species for the relief of gastric ulcer in folk medicine.

Construyendo un lenguaje incomun en mujeres víctimas de violencia conjugal / Construindo uma linguagem (in) comum em mulheres vítimas de violência conjugal / Building an in-commom language among women, victims of conjugal violence

El estudio es de naturaleza cualitativa como el objetivo de analizar las concepciones sobre violencia conyugal de mujeres que sufren ese fenómeno social. El estudio fue realizado en el Centro “Emergencia Mujer” (CEM), de la ciudad de Trujillo, institución estatal, del Ministerio de la Mujer y Desarrollo Social (MINDES) del Perú. El método de historia de vida permitió obtener relatosde diez mujeres que denunciaban la violencia perpetrada por sus compañeros. La análisis temática de las historias de vida evidenciaron las concepciones de la violencia que caracterizaron un lenguaje (in) común que contiene simbolismos asociados a laética, estética y moral; conceptúan también a la violencia como enfermedad crónica, generacional y como un estado de malestar.

O estudo de natureza qualitativa teve como objetivo analisar as concepções de violência conjugal das mulheres que sofrem esse fenômeno social. Foi realizado no Centro “EmergênciaMulher” (CEM), instituição estatal do Ministério da Mulher e Desenvolvimento Social (MINDES) na cidade de Trujillo, Perú. O método utilizado foi a história de vida, que permitiu obter relatosde dez mulheres que denunciavam a violência perpetrada pelos seus companheiros. A análise temática das histórias de vida caracterizou uma linguagem (in)comum que contém simbolismos associados à ética, estética e moral; conceitua também a violênciacomo doença crônica, geracional e como estado de mal-estar.

This qualitative study had as an objective, analyze the conceptions by the women who were submitted to conjugal violence. The study was realized in the Centro “EmergênciaMulher” (CEM) (Center “Emergence Woman”), in the city of Trujillo, state union institution , of the Ministério da Mulher e Desenvolvimento Social (MINDES) (Ministry of the Woman andSocial Development ) in Peru. The method used was the ordinary life story, which was possible to obtain registers often women who denounced the violence perpetrated by their partners. The thematic analysis of the life stories evidenced a common language with symbolisms associated to ethic,esthetical and moral; they also conceptualize the violence as a chronic disease, generational and malaise.

Violência conjugal contra a mulher: bases apra o aconselhamento em enfermagem / Violence conjugal against the woman: bases for the counseling of nursing

O estudo é de natureza qualitativa e teve como objetivos: identificar, analisar e compreender as tramas, concepções e estratégias adotadas pelas mulheres que sofrem violência conjugal. O estudo foi realizado no Centro "Emergência Mulher" (CEM), na cidade de Trujillo, instituição estatal, do Ministério da Mulher e Desenvolvimento Social (MINDES) no Perú. O método de história de vida permitiu obter relatos de dez (10) mulheres que denunciavam a violência perpetrada pelso companheiros. A análise temática das histórias de vida evidenciaram a dimensão das tramas da violência com um início, um continuum enredado com sentimentos de dor, sofrimento, e rompendo esse relacionamento com a separação do parceiro dando fim à violência, as concpeções da violência caracterizaram uma linguagem (in) comum que contém simbolismos associados à ética, estética e moral; ...

Prospectiva económica y financiera del sector salud en Santa Fe de Bogotá , D.C. / Economic and financial outlook for the health sector in Santa Fe de Bogota, D.C.

Los objetivos generales de la investigación fueron: diseñar y analizar los escenarios económico-financieros del sector salud en el Distrito Capital, de acuerdo con sus diferentes fuentes de financiamiento y hacer el contraste con las necesidades de salud de la población para determinar la suficiencia de los recursos esperados. Como objetivos específicos se señalaron los siguientes: analizar el comportamiento histórico de las fuentes de financiación del sector salud en el Distrito Capital, en los últimos diez años; evaluar los efectos de las fuentes de financiación en el cumplimiento de las políticas y objetivos sectoriales de salud; analizar en distintos escenarios las posibilidades de cobertura y de servicios para la población objeto de subsidios, teniendo en cuenta la transformación de los mismos; identificar y jerarquizar los principales problemas y limitaciones en el desarrollo del sector salud originados por los efectos de las fuentes de financiación; diseñar e implementar una base de datos confiable que facilite, mediante simulaciones económicas y financieras en diferentes escenarios, la toma de decisiones; crear una metodología permanente con variables e indicadores que permita el seguimiento y monitoreo continuo del comportamiento de las fuentes de financiación; presentar a la Secretaría Distrital de Salud las recomendaciones sobre las mejores alternativas para fortalecer las fuentes de financiación del sector salud en el Distrito Capital, mediante una propuesta de políticas, estrategias y acciones de corto, mediano y largo plazo para el financiamiento que permita el desarrollo del sector. La Secretaría Distrital de Salud, con el propósito de contar con las herramientas de planeación adecuadas para la formulación de políticas de salud orientadas a mejorar las coberturas, tanto para el componente de aseguramiento en el régimen subsidiado como para la atención a la población participante vinculada, y en lo referente al plan de atención básica, requiere la realización de esta investigación con el propósito de poder tomar decisiones estratégicas oportunas en materia de reasignaciones de recursos y de acciones específicas en salud.

The general objectives of the research were: to design and analyze the economic-financial scenarios of the health sector in the Capital District, according to its different sources of financing and to contrast them with the health needs of the population in order to determine the sufficiency of the expected resources. The specific objectives were as follows: to analyze the historical behavior of the sources of financing for the health sector in the Capital District over the last ten years; to evaluate the effects of the sources of financing on the fulfillment of sectoral health policies and objectives; to analyze in different scenarios the possibilities of coverage and services for the population subject to subsidies, taking into account their transformation; to identify and prioritize the main problems and limitations in the development of the health sector caused by the effects of the sources of financing; design and implement a reliable database that facilitates, through economic and financial simulations in different scenarios, decision making; create a permanent methodology with variables and indicators that allows the continuous follow-up and monitoring of the behavior of the financing sources; present to the District Health Secretariat the recommendations on the best alternatives to strengthen the financing sources of the health sector in the Capital District, through a proposal of policies, strategies and short, medium and long term actions for the financing that will allow the development of the sector. The District Health Secretariat, in order to have the appropriate planning tools for the formulation of health policies aimed at improving coverage, both for the insurance component in the subsidized regime and for the care of the participating population, and in relation to the basic care plan, requires this research in order to be able to make timely strategic decisions regarding the reallocation of resources and specific health actions.

Incidencia y causa de R. N. de bajo peso a termino, en el Hospital Dr. Luis E. Aybar, mayo 1989 a junio 1990 / Incidence and cause de low weight at birth newborn infants at Hospital Dr. Luis E. Aybar, from May 1989 to June 1990

De un total de 5,335 nacimientos en el período señalado, 492 fueron a termino y de bajo peso para un 9.2 por ciento . Este resultado es similar a otros estudios realizados en el pais, y pone de manifiesto la gravedad del problema del retardo de crecimiento intrauterino en la R. D. Tabaquismo, anemia e infecciones agudas en las madres, fueron las patologías más importantes asociadas a el bajo peso en los R. N. en este trabajo