ABSTRACT
Cryptosporidium parvum, an intestinal coccidian parasite, was isolated from faeces and intestinal biopsies of a 9-week-old puppy with acute parvoviral gastroenteritis. Gene sequence analysis identified a Cryptosporidium genotype not previously recorded in Australia. The puppy recovered after treatment with crystalloid fluids, synthetic and natural colloids and jejunostomy tube feeding.
Subject(s)
Cryptosporidiosis/veterinary , Cryptosporidium parvum/isolation & purification , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Gastroenteritis/veterinary , Parvoviridae Infections/veterinary , Parvovirus, Canine/isolation & purification , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification , Cryptosporidiosis/complications , Cryptosporidiosis/diagnosis , Cryptosporidium parvum/genetics , DNA, Protozoan/isolation & purification , Diagnosis, Differential , Dogs , Feces/parasitology , Gastroenteritis/complications , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , Male , Parvoviridae Infections/complications , Parvoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Parvovirus, Canine/immunology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinaryABSTRACT
Chlorothalonil was applied 2, 4, 6, 2 and 4, or 4 and 6 weeks prior to tomato harvest in fields in four counties in California over a 3-year period to assess the economic benefits of chlorothalonil applications, if any, on the reduction of black mold caused by Alternaria alternata. The percentage of visually infected fruit was significantly reduced across all four sites in 2 of the 3 years. At one location, the incidence of black mold was reduced over 50% in all 3 years of the study by a single application of the fungicide. Overall, the mean yield of marketable fruit was 79.8 metric tons per hectare. An average of 5.1% of the fruit harvested in all locations and years had visible symptoms of black mold. Generally, the most effective treatment was a single application of the fungicide 6 weeks before harvest, with no further benefit from a second application of the fungicide. Based on the cost of the fungicide and its application, a single dose of chlorothalonil applied to plots in Solano County, where the highest incidence of disease occurred, would net the grower $160.47 return per hectare. The application of fungicide resulted in significant economic benefits in tests in two of the counties, where the disease is historically a problem.
ABSTRACT
In 1996, cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. Durango) vines in two fields exhibited wilt, vascular discoloration, and necrotic streaks on the stems. Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. was isolated from the stems of vines from both fields. One isolate from each field was compared with known isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Leach & Currence) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen races 1 and 2 in a differential host range experiment in the greenhouse. Three-week-old seedlings were root-dip inoculated with monoconidial isolates at a concentration of 5 × 105 spores per ml. Control plants were dipped in water. In two experiments, the test isolates killed the susceptible varieties Top Mark and Magnum .45 and the race 2 resistant varieties Durango, Gold Mine, and Perlita FR. Seedlings of variety Charentais with the Fom2 gene conferring resistance to race 1 were resistant to both test isolates. It was determined that both of these isolates are associated with vegetative compatibility group (VCG) 0134 (1). This is the first report of race 1 and VCG 0134 of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis causing Fusarium wilt of muskmelon in the Central Valley of California, and the first reported occurrence of race 1 in California since 1973 (2). Cantaloupe varieties currently grown in California are susceptible to race 1 of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis References: (1) D. J. Jacobson and T. R. Gordon. Phytopathology 78:668, 1988. (2) J. V. Leary and W. D. Wilbur. Phytopathology 66:15, 1976.
ABSTRACT
The anaesthetic induction chamber for rats described in this paper has been designed for use in conjunction with a controlled delivery of halothane/O2 mixture and an anaesthetic scavenger system. Using this system rapid induction of anaesthesia is achieved using low levels of anaesthetic vapour without risk to the operator.
