Aerobic Physical Exercise for Pain Intensity, Aerobic Capacity, and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Currently, chronic pain is a disabling condition that is difficult to manage, which generates a high burden on health systems. The objective is to determine the effects of aerobic physical exercise in adults with chronic pain. METHODS: A systematic review of searches in databases including MEDLINE, LILACS, ScienceDirect, PEDro, OTseeker, The Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and Google Scholar was conducted. The search process was carried out until July 31, 2020, and the study selection process was independently carried out through a criteria analysis for each phase. Outcome measures were chosen: aerobic capacity, physical function, quality of life, and pain. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were included in which aerobic exercise was considered as an option to treat chronic pain. These studies showed significant results compared with other treatment options in terms of pain measurements (-0.22 [-0.42 to -0.03]) and aerobic capacity. For quality of life, there were significant improvements in the physical function component over the mental health component evaluated with the short form health survey-36/12. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise is a nonpharmacological therapeutic option for treatment. Also, aerobic capacity and endurance improved when this type of exercise was prescribed, thus resulting in a substantial improvement in the quality of life of people suffering from chronic pain.

Sterically shielded spin labels for in-cell EPR spectroscopy: analysis of stability in reducing environment.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a powerful and widely used technique for studying structure and dynamics of biomolecules under bio-orthogonal conditions. In-cell EPR is an emerging area in this field; however, it is hampered by the reducing environment present in cells, which reduces most nitroxide spin labels to their corresponding diamagnetic N-hydroxyl derivatives. To determine which radicals are best suited for in-cell EPR studies, we systematically studied the effects of substitution on radical stability using five different classes of radicals, specifically piperidine-, imidazolidine-, pyrrolidine-, and isoindoline-based nitroxides as well as the Finland trityl radical. Thermodynamic parameters of nitroxide reduction were determined by cyclic voltammetry; the rate of reduction in the presence of ascorbate, cellular extracts, and after injection into oocytes was measured by continuous-wave EPR spectroscopy. Our study revealed that tetraethyl-substituted nitroxides are good candidates for in-cell EPR studies, in particular pyrrolidine derivatives, which are slightly more stable than the trityl radical.

Plan de estudios basado en competencias para la carrera de nutrición y dietética de la Universidad de Concepción / Competency-based curriculum for undergraduate program in nutrition and dietetics of the Universidad of Concepcion

The objective of this paper was to describe the process of developing a competency-based curriculum for the Under-graduate Program in Nutrition and Dietetics of the University of Concepción. To obtain the information required to structure the new curriculum, the "Developing Curriculum" methodology was used. Semi-structure interviews and expert panel were used to collect information that was then used to develop the profile of a Nutritionist in Chile and a graduate profile. Subsequently, a new competency-based 5-year curriculum was proposed based on the identified profiles. The quantitative results were analyzed and interpreted with the statistical software SPSS Version 10.0 and the qualitative analysis was classification of answers according to category. The competency-based curriculum, the profile of nutritionist, and the graduate profile were implemented in 2007.

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo elaborar un plan de estudios basado en competencias para la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad de Concepción. Para la obtención de la información básica necesaria para la estructuración del nuevo currículo, se utilizó la metodología Developing A Curriculum. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y se desarrolló un panel de expertos, para la obtención del perfil del nutricionista en Chile y el perfil de egreso. Con estos, se elaboró la nueva propuesta curricular basada en competencias con una duración de 5 años. El análisis e interpretación de los resultados cuantitativos se realizó con software estadístico SPSS versión 10.0 y el análisis cualitativo se realizó por clasificación de las respuestas por categorías. Se concluye que la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, de la Universidad de Concepción, cuenta con un perfil de nutricionista, perfil de egreso y un plan de estudios basado en competencias, desde el año 2007.

Antimicrobial-finished textile three-dimensional structures.

This paper describes the possibilities of antimicrobial finishing of three-dimensional spacer fabrics and its applications, and gives information about the different effects. A research project of the Textilforschungsinstitut Thüringen-Vogtland Greiz is presented in which medical shoe insoles, based on specially manufactured three-dimensional spacer fabrics, made of permanently effective antimicrobial yarns were used for interesting and functional textile products. Furthermore, work of the research institute Forschungsinstitut für Leder und Kunststoffbahnen Freiberg is presented which describes the silver-coating process and application of textile materials using antimicrobial substances. The chemical and mechanical stability is investigated, and proof of the effectiveness is supplied. The results show that in the three-dimensional spacer fabrics both - antimicrobial yarn materials and thin silver films with antimicrobial substances - can achieve an antimicrobial effect, even in low quantities.

[Experiences in incidence monitoring and control of the Pharaoh ant in a health resort]. / Erfahrungen bei der Befallsermittlung und Bekämpfung der Pharaoameise in einem Kurort.

Today Monomorium pharaonis still represents a threat of the hygiene regime in the objects of Public Health and Welfare, particularly for the asepsis and the "Black-White-Separation". The experiences collected throughout a successful rub out by the preparate "Lafarex N 87" in a health-resort are presented. The necessity of cooperation of all concerned persons (owners, pest control enterprises and Public Hygiene Service) are emphasized.

[Isolation of a Kawa-pyrone from Achyrocline satureioides]. / Isolierung eines Kawapyrons aus Achyrocline satureioides.

6-(4'-Hydroxy-trans-styryl)-4-methoxy-2-Pyrone ( 1) has been isolated from overground parts including influrescences of Achyrocline satureioides D.C. with a yield of 0.02%. The structure was established by spectroscopic means and by comparing with a synthetic sample.

[The sedativ-hypnotic principle of hops]. / Nachweis sedativ-hypnotischer Wirkstoffe im Hopfen.

A gas chromatographic method for the quantitative evaluation of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol, a sedative hop constituent, is described. Depending on the storing time, the content of this compound was determined in a large number of hops, hop extracts, and drugs. While only traces of the compounds were detected in fresh hops, the concentration continously increased after drying to reach maximum levels (approx. 0.15%) within 2 years of storing at room temperature, irrespective of the specific kind. Hop extracts standardized to alpha-acids, which are available on the market, were found to contain relatively small amounts of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol. Only traces of the compounds were discovered in hop containing "sedative dragees", whereas a relatively high concentration was found in a sedative bath preparation. Thus, pharmacologically relevant concentrations of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol can be reached in both tea and bath preparations. However, since there is a reason to suppose that 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol may also be formed IN VIVO by metabolization of alpha-acids, negative conclusions as to the effectiveness of the dragees should not be drawn before completion of the current studies.

[Sedative-hypnotic compounds in the exhalation of hops, II]. / Versuche, sedativ-hypnotische Wirkstoffe im Hopfen nachzuweisen, II.

Hops are told to promote sleep; manyfold efforts to detect the soporific principle have been unsuccessful so far. Preliminary pharmacological tests lead to the conclusion that the soporific activity of the exhalation of hops can be explained by its content of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (1) in the volatile fraction. It was found that 1, when given to mice i.p. (0.80 g/kg) produces narcosis for about 8 h; no abnormal behaviour was observed there upon. Due to its water-solubility the concentration of 1 in the essential oil obtained by steam-distillation is low; contrary to that, 1, is enriched in the more volatile fraction of hops.

Metabolism of some kava pyrones in the rat.

1. The metabolism in rats of several kava pyrones from Piper methysticum Forst. was studied. The compounds were the 5,6-dihydro-alpha-pyrones, dihydrokawain, kawain and methysticin, and the alpha-pyrones, 7,8-dihyroyangonin and yangonin. 2. Approx. half the dose (400 mg/kg, p.o.) of dihydrokawain was found in the urine in 48 h. About two-thirds of this was hydroxylated metabolites (three mono- and three di-hydroxylated derivatives), of which p-hydroxydihydrokawain was the most abundant. The remaining third consisted of metabolites formed by scission of the 5,6-dihydro-alpha-pyrone ring and included hippuric acid (9--13% dose). 3. Lower amounts of urinary metabolites were excreted when kawain was given, but both hydroxylated and ring-opened products were formed. 4. Methysticin gave rise to only small amounts of two urinary metabolites formed by demethylenation of the methylenedioxyphenyl moiety. 5. Urinary metabolites of the alpha-pyrones, 7,8-dihydroxyangonin and yangonin, were formed via omicron-demethylation. No ring-opened products were detected. 6. These lipophilic kava pyrones have extremely low solubility in water, which would be expected to reduce their absorption rates and appears to be responsible for the variable and low extent of metabolism observed.