ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This investigation aims to determine cardiovascular disease risk profile in a cohort of employees. METHODS: In 704 participants, within the Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology And Nutrition health-check-program, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), lipids, glucose, and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk were assessed. RESULTS: Mean age was 37 (10) years (20% women) with 25.5 (3.9)â kg/m. A total of 38% demonstrated overweight, 44% abdominal obesity, 12% obesity, and 19% metabolic syndrome. We found a significant difference in increased BP versus diagnosed hypertension (47% vs. 14%; Pâ<â0.001). Increasing age was a significant predictor of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]â=â1.08 [1.06 to 1.10]; Pâ<â0.001). Ten percent had intermediate and 8% high cardiovascular disease risk. A total of 79% demonstrated at least one risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: We detected high prevalence of risk factors particularly increased BP and abdominal obesity. Workplace prevention programs should aim in initially identifying risk factors and subsequently improving lifestyle.
Subject(s)
Hypertension/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Austria/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Hypertension/diagnosis , Logistic Models , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Health Services , Overweight/diagnosis , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Overwhelming evidence exists supporting the benefit of lifestyle and nutritional interventions to prevent or delay type 2 and gestational diabetes and improve glycemic control and co-morbidities in patients of all sub-types of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, nutritional therapy is an indispensable and fundamental treatment component, which has to be based on evidence-based recommendations, adapted for dietary intake and medication, and periodically adapted according to diagnosis and individual course of illness. This overview is based on the currently valid evidence-based nutritional recommendations of the European and American Diabetes Associations for the management of diabetes mellitus. It describes the quality and quantity of beneficial macronutrient (carbohydrates, fat, and protein) and micronutrient intake, alcohol consumption, and food groups. Moreover, the evidence for supplements and functional foods is summarized and the role of body weight and different weight loss diets are discussed.
