ABSTRACT
Previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies showed exercise-induced depression of motor evoked potentials (MEP). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in MEP size and central motor conduction time (CMCT) after various kinds of exercise of daily life and sports. Changes of both central and peripheral motor conduction were recorded immediately after predominantly aerobic (climbing stairs and jogging) and anaerobic (press-ups, dumb-bell holding, and 400 m-run) exercise. Strength exercise resulted in a significant decrease of MEP amplitudes. Exhausting press-ups reduced the mean MEP amplitude by 33% as compared to pre-exercise value, exhausting dumb-bell holding reduced the mean MEP amplitude by 66%. Aerobic exercises (climbing 600 steps and jogging 50 minutes) did not significantly change MEP amplitudes. The compound motor action potentials (registered after supramaximal peripheral electrical stimulation) remained unchanged after each paradigm. CMCT was not significantly altered by any of the exercises under investigation. Peripheral motor conduction time (PMCT) was slightly lengthened by 4% after isometric dumb-bell holding. PMCT and total motor conduction time were decreased after aerobic exercises, probably due to an increase of temperature of the lower extremities. In conclusion, TMS is a suitable technique for objective evaluation of central fatigue. The present study is the first to show its possible use in sports medicine, indicating that only exhaustive or strength exercises result in reduced MEPs.
Subject(s)
Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Motor Cortex/physiology , Muscle Fatigue/physiology , Sports , Adult , Electric Stimulation/methods , Female , Humans , Magnetics , Male , Middle Aged , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Long-term administration of neuroleptic drugs to 149 severely mentally retarded children led to a significantly higher number of somatic complications and respiratory morbidity, as compared with a control group (p < or = 5%). Precise differentiation of the influence of neuroleptics from other drugs, complications of the basic diagnosis of oligophrenia and others is not possible so far. Therefore it is essential to consider carefully the indication for administration of neuroleptics and to reduce thus their undesirable effects to a minimum.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Intellectual Disability/drug therapy , Adolescent , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Child , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Screening revealed a significantly higher incidence of hyperlipoproteinaemia in mentally retarded children in an Institute for Social Welfare than in the healthy child population (P 1%). In the aetiology participate most markedly secondary influences ensuing in particular from complications of the basic diagnosis of oligophrenia. It is mainly a question of the action of antiepileptics, neuroleptics, the influence of viral hepatic infections and other endogenous and exogenous factors. Early diagnosis of hyperlipoproteinaemia is possible so far only by biochemical methods. It is essential for genetic counselling, for prevention of deterioration as regards mental retardation, restriction of pharmacotherapy and later for a reduced risk of development of cardiovascular disease.
Subject(s)
Hyperlipoproteinemias/complications , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cholesterol/blood , Female , Humans , Intellectual Disability/blood , Intellectual Disability/complications , Male , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
During a longitudinal survey of 5154 children under one year the morbidity was investigated and the influence of some psychosocial, socioeconomic and oecological factors which influence morbidity. These are partial results of a long-term research project.
Subject(s)
Morbidity , Czechoslovakia/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
In a group of 27 obese mentally retarded children compared with an equal-sized group of children with normal weight the author demonstrates the adverse influence of obesity on the development of mental retardation. The latter is reinforced by other factors. To resolve this problem it would be useful to adhere to preventive measures against the development of obesity, to compensate complications of the basic diagnosis, and in particular a greater activity of health workers.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/complications , Obesity/complications , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The environment of mentally retarded children suffers from fluctuations of staff in institutes for social care. The reasons are subjective and in the organization of work. As compared with other countries, there are differences in the categories of workers of these institutions as well as in their numbers and training. The concept of care of mentally retarded children has not been fully elaborated in this country so far. This has adverse repercussions on the working results in social care institutes and on the health status of mentally retarded children.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability , Residential Facilities , Child , Czechoslovakia , Humans , Prognosis , Residential Facilities/statistics & numerical data , WorkforceABSTRACT
The mentally retarded child is a risk factor of the subsequent pregnancy. This risk is usually not taken into account. Of 205 mothers with a mentally retarded child 95 became again pregnant. In 15 instances they gave birth to an affected child. During the preconception period almost one third did not attend any medical examination. With the problem of prenatal diagnosis interfere among others also socio-economic factors and sometimes also a low activity of health workers.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/genetics , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Intelligence , Male , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The allocation of children to auxiliary schools causes difficulties. With regard to the degree of mental retardation the children are usually placed in social care institutions. It was found that children attending day classes in social care institutions have more self-handed habits and skills than pupils of auxiliary schools. The author recommends the integration of auxiliary schools and day classes of social care institutions to achieve more expedient training of mentally retarded children, with the possibility of more intensive rehabilitation care.
Subject(s)
Education of Intellectually Disabled , Adolescent , Child , Czechoslovakia , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The gag reflex promoting aspiration was examined in 262 mentally retarded (MR) children followed up for 3 years due to respiratory illnesses. It was present in 24.1% of MR children and in 91.6% in a control group of children, the difference being statistically significant. A similar significant difference was between the number of children with psychopharmaceutical treatment and the incidence of gag reflex impairment in them. The therapeutic influencing of the swallowing reflex by medicaments is contraindicated in MR children for inducing epileptic seizures. The main point is to prevent aspiration as a stimulus for respiratory disease occurrence. The most important measures are a focused attention of the staff during meals and feeding of MR children and its systematic further education concerning these problems.
Subject(s)
Gagging/physiology , Intellectual Disability/physiopathology , Pneumonia, Aspiration/etiology , Reflex, Abnormal/physiology , Reflex/physiology , Child , Female , Humans , Intellectual Disability/complications , Male , Pneumonia, Aspiration/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Vitamin administration in severely mentally retarded children in order to improve their IQ and other forms of personality development has not such a favourable effect as in children with minor cerebral dysfunction. The author administered vitamins A, B, C, D and E to 18 imbecile children. As compared with a control group not given vitamins, no marked changes were observed. This leads to the view that the favourable action of vitamins in children with minor cerebral dysfunction is sometimes assumed in severely mentally affected children where the final effect is in the optimal case nil.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/psychology , Vitamins/therapeutic use , Child , Child Behavior/drug effects , Female , Humans , Intelligence/drug effects , MaleABSTRACT
Severely handicapped children need for therapeutic and preventive care, education and social care psychiatric, psychological, neurological and other examinations. Some formal or actual shortcomings of these examinations hamper care of these children also when applications for admission to social care institutions are submitted.
Subject(s)
Institutionalization , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Intellectual Disability/psychologyABSTRACT
To extend care of severely mentally affected children it is important to know whether the parents are informed on the cause of the affection. This knowledge was obtained during two interviews of doctors with parents after a one-year interval. The ratio of erroneous and unreal ideas of parents, incl. lack of knowledge of the causes of mental affection, declined after these interviews. Where these ideas persist, a greater supervision by health workers is needed. The author recommends a differentiated approach to parents by sex and standard of education.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability , Parents/education , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Educational Status , HumansABSTRACT
Eleven children with slight cerebral dysfunction (SCD) were recorded in the process of admission to the social care home (SCH). The children came from the families of older parents with genetic disorder either in the parents themselves or in their families. Due to educational faults combined with uncritical use of excessively protective means symptomatology of disharmonic personality development began to develop in children in which gradual decrease of mental capacity occurred. Symptomatology of disharmonic personality development slowly prevailed over that of SCD. Although the mental capacity was at the lower level of debility, these children were not able to finish their school education. Similarly it may happen in combination of sense organs defects, serious somatic and speech defects. Such children find their place in society with great difficulties.
