CD56 positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review.

CD56 positive B-cell lymphoma is very rare. We experienced a case of CD56 positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, occurred in a young child. A 5-year-old girl complained with snoring and open mouth breathing. No any abnormality in laboratory or physical examination was present, except enlarged both tonsils. Bilateral tonsillectomy was performed. Cut sections of right tonsil showed a 2 cm size, solid mass. On microscopically, large monomorphic lymphoid cells were diffusely proliferated and showed positivity for CD20 and CD56 and negative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Monoclonality was observed on immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement. This is a unique case with incidentally found and occurred in a young child.

Risk disparities in the globalisation of assisted reproductive technology: the case of Asia.

This paper analyses the disparities in risks associated with biomedical technology focusing on the results of assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART among biomedical technologies transferred to Asia is a representative case that reveals in its clinical use and related scientific research the global politics of technology. This study notes the global politics at work in the recognition of and reaction to such risks. While many Asian countries aggressively pursue technological development, weak legislative and administrative regulations have created various problems and controversial cases. This study asserts that risks associated with technology are characterised as social facts not natural ones or mere 'side effects', since technological development and risk are closely intertwined.

Current issues on a standard for surrogate pregnancy procedures.

While Korea does not have any legal statement on surrogacy, treatments are carried out in practice. As a result, every Institutional Review Board (IRB) of each fertility clinic faces an ethical predicament in reviewing each case. There is a need to arrange the institutions' own standards of surrogate pregnancy procedures before the establishment of national or professional regulation. This article examines the legal, social, and medical issues of surrogacy to help IRBs to judge their cases.

Two cases of trisomy 19 as a sole chromosomal abnormality in myeloid disorders.

Trisomy 19 is frequently encountered in cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a secondary abnormality: however, trisomy 19 rarely occurs as a sole chromosomal abnormality and, to date, it has only been reported in 48 hematopoietic malignancies, 1 case of adenocarcinoma and 1 case of astrocytic tumor. Here, we report two additional cases of trisomy 19 as a sole karyotypic aberration in myeloid malignancies. One of these cases involved a 6-month-old male who was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia minimally differentiated. His karyotype was 47,XY,+19[20]. He expired 5 days after diagnosis. Another case occurred in an 80-yr-old female who had refractory anemia with excess blasts. Her karyotype was 47,XX,+19[16]/46,XX[4]. Four months later, her peripheral blood smears suggested that the disease had progressed, but she refused further evaluation. Based on a review of the existing literature and the results of this report, trisomy 19 not only as a secondary abnormality but also as a sole karyotypic aberration is strongly associated with myeloid disorder; however, it is not preferentially found in specific FAB subgroups of myelodysplasic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia.