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1.
J Vet Sci ; 24(5): e62, 2023 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37638710

ABSTRACT

This case report describes the hematological and radiological examination of urinary bladder rupture and complete urethral obstruction. associated with urolithiasis in Hanwoo. Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, azotemia, and hyperglycemia were observed in both urethral obstruction and urinary bladder rupture. However, cattle with urethral obstruction showed hyperkalemia and mild hyperglycemia, whereas cattle with bladder rupture showed marked hyperglycemia and normal potassium levels. In ultrasonography, the urethral obstruction showed a dilated bladder with a thick bladder wall. In contrast to previous literature, in this study, severe electrolyte changes such as severe hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hyperkalemia occurred in a case of complete urethral obstruction.


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases , Hyperglycemia , Hyperkalemia , Hyponatremia , Urethral Obstruction , Urolithiasis , Cattle , Animals , Urinary Bladder , Hyperkalemia/complications , Hyperkalemia/veterinary , Hyponatremia/complications , Hyponatremia/veterinary , Urethral Obstruction/veterinary , Urethral Obstruction/complications , Urolithiasis/veterinary , Hyperglycemia/complications , Hyperglycemia/veterinary , Republic of Korea , Cattle Diseases/etiology
3.
Ann Dermatol ; 29(2): 156-166, 2017 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28392642

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease that targets hair follicles and interrupts hair regrowth. The microenvironment of the effector T cells and their related cytokines may affect immunopathogenesis around the hair bulb/bulge. OBJECTIVE: To determine the contributory roles of the effector T cell subsets and related cytokines to the pathogenesis of AA. METHODS: We investigated the correlation between histopathological grades and four clinical prognostic factors in 331 patients with AA, and analyzed the topography of T cell infiltrates and related cytokines around the hair bulb/bulge according to histopathological grades through immunohistochemical and double immunofluorescence studies on a subset of AA specimens. RESULTS: First, the groups with more severe histopathological grades were associated with earlier onset, longer duration, more hair loss, as well as poorer therapeutic outcomes. Second, the pattern of CD4 and CD8 expression around the hair bulb/bulge varied by histopathological grade, with staining density decreasing in the following order: type 1>type 2>type 3. In addition, interferon-γ and transforming growth factor-ß1 expression appeared denser in the peribulbar area. Interestingly, the denser CCR6+ cells (Th17 cells) showed more infiltration than CCR5+ cells (Th1 cells) around the hair bulb/bulge as histopathological grade worsened. CONCLUSION: The insidious destruction of bulge stem cells and hair bulb matrix stem cells results in more severe hair loss in patients with chronic AA, which is mediated by Th17 lymphocyte and cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration. Furthermore, Th17 lymphocytes may play an even more important role than cytotoxic T cells in the development of AA.

4.
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed ; 32(4): 199-206, 2016 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27084788

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) has a more complicated pathogenetic basis than others. The clinical grading system and its correlations with the clinical and immunological parameters still remained to be investigated to define the nature of CAD in a more detailed manner. OBJECTIVES: We investigated correlations of the clinical severity score of CAD (CSS-CAD) with the clinical and immunological parameters. METHODS: We evaluated 72 patients with CAD and classified them into three groups according to the CSS-CAD. We analysed total IgE level, peripheral blood (PB) eosinophil count, the ratio of Th2cell (CCR4 + CD4 +) percentage over Th1 cell (CXCR3 + CD4 +) percentage (Th2/Th1) and/or the sum of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. RESULTS: The total IgE levels and the percentage of PB eosinophils were higher in the severer group than other groups. A shift towards Th2 from Th2/Th1 balanced status may be affected by total counts of suppressor T cells, and the patient with higher Th2/Th1 ratio than balanced status had the more proportion in the severer CSS-CAD group than other groups. CONCLUSION: The CSS-CAD correlates with total IgE level, PB eosinophil count and a shift towards Th2 immunity from Th2/Th1. So we suggest the Th1/Th2 dysbalance may be affected by the CSS-CAD.


Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Photoallergic/immunology , Severity of Illness Index , Th1 Cells/immunology , Th2 Cells/immunology , Chronic Disease , Dermatitis, Photoallergic/pathology , Eosinophils/immunology , Eosinophils/pathology , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Male , Th1 Cells/pathology , Th2 Cells/pathology
5.
Am J Emerg Med ; 33(7): 963-5, 2015 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25957143

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to ascertain if a modified carotid sinus massage (CSM) using ultrasonography is superior to the conventional CSM for vagal tone generation. METHODS: This was a prospective, crossover, clinical trial including 30 subjects with sinus rhythm. Participants were paired, and they performed 2 types of CSM to each other. To perform the conventional technique, pressure was exerted at the point where the maximal impulse of the carotid pulse was palpated. In the modified technique, participants localized the point of maximal diameter just above the bifurcation of the common carotid artery using ultrasonography and applied pressure to that point. Mean differences between premaneuver and postmaneuver R-R intervals and heart rates were compared. The distance from the midline of the neck (x distance) to the angle of the mandible (y distance) was measured, and the mean distance between the 2 techniques was compared. RESULTS: The baseline mean premaneuver R-R interval and heart rate did not differ significantly between the 2 techniques. The postmaneuver R-R interval and heart rate as well as the mean R-R interval and heart rate differences were significantly greater in the modified CSM. The mean location determined using the modified CSM was located 0.8 cm lateral and 0.8 cm superior to the mean location of the conventional CSM. CONCLUSION: The modified CSM using ultrasonography might be more useful than the conventional CSM in reverting episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and may be a suitable alternative for treating the same in the emergency department.


Subject(s)
Carotid Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Massage/methods , Adult , Cross-Over Studies , Electrocardiography , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Heart Rate , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , Tachycardia, Paroxysmal/therapy , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/therapy , Ultrasonography
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